Development and Application of a Rapid, User-Friendly and Inexpensive. Method to Detect Dehalococcoides sp. Reductive Dehalogenase Genes from
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1 1 Supplementary Section 2 3 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Development and Application of a Rapid, User-Friendly and Inexpensive Method to Detect Dehalococcoides sp. Reductive Dehalogenase Genes from Groundwater Yogendra H. Kanitkar 1, Robert D. Stedtfeld 1, Paul B. Hatzinger 2, Syed A. Hashsham 1, 3, and Alison M. Cupples*, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA 2 CB&I Federal Services, 17 Princess Road, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, USA 3 Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA *Corresponding Author: Alison M. Cupples A135, 1449 Engineering Research Court, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, cupplesa@egr.msu.edu Telephone: (517) Fax: (517) Page 1 of 9
2 Table S1. The gene targets, assay type and template type used for each well and site. Table S2. qpcr primer and probe sequences used for vcra, bvca and tcea in this study. Table S3. LAMP primers for vcra, bvca and tcea used in this study. Table S4. Gene concentrations (vcra and tcea per L) and estimated gene concentration in serial dilutions of cell templates from groundwater from six monitoring wells (Indian Head site). Table S5. Time based comparison of qpcr and SYBR green LAMP assays. Table S6. Cost based comparison of qpcr and SYBR green LAMP assays Figure S1. Examples of SYBR green LAMP assays for vcra with triplicates of X 10 dilutions of centrifuged cells from groundwater from the Indian Head site. The dilution levels increase to the right. Page 2 of 9
3 39 Site Table S1. The gene targets, assay type and template type used for each well and site. San Antonio, TX Well Name Date Templates Cells qpcr tcea LAMP tcea qpcr vcra LAMP vcra qpcr bvca LAMP bvca Direct cells tcea Direct cells vcra Direct cells bvca Centrifuged cells tcea Centrifuged cells vcra Centrifuged cells bvca 34 B1 03/03/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X 35 B1 03/03/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X 40 B1 04/13/15 ND ND D D ND X X D X X D X 113 B1 04/13/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X 504 B1 12/1/15 ND ND D D ND X X D X X D X 513 B1 12/1/15 ND ND D D ND X X D X X D X 514 B1 12/1/15 D D D D ND X D ND X D D X 35 B2 08/06/16 X D X D ND X ND ND X D D X 113 B2 08/06/16 X D X D ND X ND ND X D D X 514 B2 08/06/16 X D X D ND X ND D X D D X Tulsa, OK MW1 06/11/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X MW2 06/11/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X MW3 06/11/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X MW4 06/11/15 D D D D ND X ND ND X D ND X MW5 06/11/15 D D D D ND X ND D X D D X MW6 06/11/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X MW7 06/11/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X MW8 06/11/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X MW9 06/11/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X IW1 06/11/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X IW2 06/11/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X IW3 06/11/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X IW4 06/11/15 D D D D ND X ND D X ND D X IW5 06/11/15 ND ND ND ND ND X X X X X X X IW6 06/11/15 D D D D ND X ND D X D D X W820 06/11/15 D D D D ND X D D X D D X Quantico, PMW1 B1 11/10/15 D D D D ND X ND ND X ND D X VA PMW3 B1 11/10/15 D D D D ND X ND ND X ND D X CW2 11/16/15 D D D D ND X ND ND X ND D X PMW2 11/16/15 D D D D ND X ND ND X ND ND X AW1 11/16/15 D D D D ND X ND ND X ND ND X MW 15R 11/16/15 D D D D ND X ND ND X ND ND X PMW4 11/16/15 D D D D ND X ND ND X ND ND X PMW1 B2 11/16/15 ND ND ND ND ND X ND ND X ND ND X CW7 11/16/15 ND ND D D ND X ND ND X ND D X PMW3 B2 11/16/15 ND ND ND ND ND X ND ND X ND ND X TW265 11/16/15 ND ND ND ND ND X ND ND X ND ND X Edison, /10/15 D D D D ND X ND D X ND D X Page 3 of 9
4 NJ 303S 11/10/15 D D D D ND X ND ND X ND D X Indian IW5 06/24/16 X D X D ND X X X X D D X Head, IW7 06/24/16 X D X D ND X X X X D D X MD MW38 06/24/16 X D X D ND X X X X D D X MW40 06/24/16 X D X D ND X X X X D D X MW41 06/24/16 X D X D ND X X X X D D X MW43 06/24/16 X D X D ND X X X X D D X D = template was detected ND = template was not detected B1 = Batch 1 = Assay was performed X = Assay was not performed B2 = Batch 2 Page 4 of 9
5 Table S2. qpcr primer and probe sequences used for vcra, bvca and tcea in this study. Target Primer Sequence Reference Gene vcra vcra1022f CGGGCGGATGCACTATTTT (Ritalahti vcra1093r GAATAGTCCGTGCCCTTCCTC (Ritalahti vcra1042probe FAM-CGCAGTAACTCAACCATTTCCT GGTAGTGG-TAMRA (Ritalahti bvca bvca925f AAAAGCACTTGGCTATCAAGGAC (Ritalahti bvca1017r CCAAAAGCACCACCAGGTC (Ritalahti bvca977probe FAM-TGGTGGCGACGTGGCTATGTGG- TAMRA (Ritalahti tcea tcea1270f ATCCAGATTATGACCCTGGTGAA (Aiello 2003; Johnson et al. 2005) tcea1336r GCGGCATATATTAGGGCATCTT (Aiello 2003; Johnson et al. 2005) tcea1294probe FAM-TGGGCTATGGCGACCGCAGG- TAMRA 23, 24 Table S3. LAMP primers for vcra, bvca and tcea used in this study. Target Gene vcra bvca tcea Primer set vcra set C bvca Set A tcea Set A Primer Sequence (5 3 ) Reference F3 GTAAGTTTTACGCGAGATGG (Kanitkar et B3 GTCATCGGCTGAGCTTTC al. 2016) FIP ACCCTCCCATTTTGGTACGCTTGTA TGGTCCGCCACAT BIP AAGACAATTTTCTAATGCTGAGGGC ATTTGGGATCTGCCAGGT LF CATCAGGTGGCGCTGAA LB TGGTGCTGGTGGCGTT F3 ACAATGCCTTTACCAGAAGA (Kanitkar et B3 ACCGTATTTGGGGCTGAT al. 2016) FIP TCGGCCTCCATTAAAAGCCATTCTC TAGGGTGGTCATGT BIP ATCAAGGACTTGGTGGCGACCTTGT TCGGAAAGACACTCA LF AGGCAATCATACTTGAAGCGTC LB TGTGGGGACCTGGTGGT F3 GCCGTTTATTCCATTCATGG (Kanitkar et B3 GCATAGACTGGATGAAGGAA al. 2016) Page 5 of 9
6 72 FIP BIP LF LB ACATAATTGCTGGGAGAACCCG- TCGCATAGAGAGATAAGGCC GCCATTCGTGGCGGCATATAT- CAGATTATGACCCTGGTGAA CTTTATGGACGCTATGAAGGTTCTA TCTTCCCTGCGGTCGCCATA Page 6 of 9
7 Table S4. Gene concentrations (vcra and tcea per L) and estimated gene concentration in serial dilutions of cell templates from groundwater from six monitoring wells (Indian Head site). Sample Replicate tcea gene copies/l vcra gene copies/l # No 10X 100X 1000X 10000X No 10X 100X 1000X 10000X IW X X10 6 ND ND ND 9.04 X X10 5 ND ND ND X X X10 5 ND ND 8.84 X X10 5 ND ND ND X X X10 5 ND ND 5.97 X10 6 ND ND ND ND IW X X X10 5 ND ND 7.77 X10 5 ND ND ND ND X X X10 5 ND ND 9.56 X10 5 ND ND ND ND X X X10 5 ND ND 9.04 X10 5 ND ND ND ND MW X10 6 ND ND ND ND 1.10 X X10 6 ND ND ND X X10 5 ND ND ND 5.78 X X10 5 ND ND ND X X10 5 ND ND ND 3.99 X X10 5 ND ND ND MW X X X10 4 ND ND 2.41 X X10 6 ND ND ND X X X10 5 ND ND 1.38 X X X10 5 ND ND X X10 5 ND ND ND 1.02 X X X10 5 ND ND MW X X X X10 5 ND 6.22 X X X10 5 ND ND X X X X10 5 ND 5.34 X X X10 5 ND ND X X X X10 5 ND 4.13 X X X10 5 ND ND MW X10 5 ND ND ND ND 2.68 X X10 5 ND ND ND X10 5 ND ND ND ND 2.30 X X10 5 ND ND ND X10 5 ND ND ND ND 1.77 X X10 5 ND ND ND ND = template Page 7 of 9
8 84 Table S5. Time based comparison of qpcr and SYBR green LAMP assays Process qpcr SYBR Green LAMP Filtering 5-25 min. per sample 5-25 min. per sample extraction min per sample No extraction Centrifugation and No centrifugation or <15 min per sample template elution sample elution Master Mix Preparation <5 min. if commercial min. Master mix is used. Analysis min <1.5 hr. (1 hr. in the water bath and <0.5 hr. for adding SYBR green a ) Total min min a Value based on a 96 well plate. The value is significantly lower if fewer samples are processed (1 hour in the water bath and < 5 min for adding the SYBR green) Table S6. Cost based comparison of qpcr and SYBR green LAMP assays Process qpcr (20µL reaction) SYBR Green LAMP (50 µl reaction) extraction $ 9.30 per sample a No cost Consumables + reagents $ per sample $ per sample Instrument costs ~$ 20,000 ~$395 (water bath) ~$300 (centrifuge) a MO BIO PowerWater Isolation Kit ($465 for 50 preps) Page 8 of 9
9 Replicate 1: X10 dilution series Replicate 2: X10 dilution series Replicate 3: X10 dilution series Controls MW40 vcra LAMP assay MW41 vcra LAMP assay Figure S1. Examples of SYBR green LAMP assays for vcra with triplicates of X 10 dilutions of centrifuged cells from groundwater from the Indian Head site. The dilution levels increase to the right References Aiello MR (2003) Quantitative environmental monitoring of PCE dechlorinators in a contaminated aquifer and PCE-fed reactor. M.S. thesis, Michigan State University Johnson DR, Lee PK, Holmes VF, Alvarez-Cohen L (2005) An internal reference technique for accurately quantifying specific mrnas by real-time PCR with application to the tcea reductive dehalogenase gene. Appl Environ Microbiol 71(7): Kanitkar YH, Stedtfeld RD, Steffan RJ, Hashsham SA, Cupples AM (2016) Development of loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid detection and quantification of Dehalococcoides spp. biomarker genes in commercial reductive dechlorinating cultures KB-1 and SDC-9. Appl Environ Microbiol 82: Ritalahti KM, Amos BK, Sung Y, Wu Q, Koenigsberg SS, Löffler FE (2006) Quantitative PCR targeting 16S rrna and reductive dehalogenase genes simultaneously monitors multiple Dehalococcoides strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 72(4): doi: /aem Page 9 of 9
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