Immunoglobulins. Harper s biochemistry Chapter 49
|
|
- Oswald Hudson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Immunoglobulins Harper s biochemistry Chapter 49
2 Immune system Detects and inactivates foreign molecules, viruses, bacteria and microorganisms Two components with 2 strategies B Lymphocytes (humoral immune response): Soluble antibodies (immunoglobulins) Secreted by plasma cells Recognize and bind to foreign molecules. T Lymphocytes (cellular immune response): Killer cells that display foreign substances on their surface Use specific receptors on their surface
3 Immunoglobulins The binding to the foreign molecules is: Specific High affinity Effector functions: biological effects that result as consequence of antigen binding like Inactivation, degradation, lysis Can recognize and interact with foreign molecules even if not encountered before Huge number of different kinds (~10 8 ) Synthesis is stimulated by invasion of the body
4 Formation of immunoglobulins (Ig) Antigen - Foreign molecules to which Ig binds - Can elicit antibody formation ( immounogen) - Macromolecule; Protein, polysaccharide, nucleic acid Epitope Particular site on antigen to which antibody binds Antigenic determinant Hapten small molecule, not an antigen Antigen if attached to macromolecule
5 Formation of antibodies against small molecules OH Attach DNP to Bovine Serum Albumin Dinitrophenol small molecule a
6 Formation of antibodies against DNP after injection of DNP-BSA to rabbit
7 Isolation of antibodies (AB) against DNP from rabbit Antisera: The serum obtained which contains the antibodies (AB) AB formed can bind free and attached hapten AB can be purified by affinity chromatography AB obtained are NOT one kind of molecules but a mixture of antibodies with the same specificity
8
9
10
11 Monoclonal antibodies One kind of antibodies Produced from clone of one single cell
12 Principles of preparation of monoclonal antibodies Multiple Myeloma: Malignant growth of a single kind of B lymphocytes in human. Large amounts of one kind of antibodies are produced ( but unknown specificity). Mice strains with multiple myeloma are available Can be transplanted from one mouse to another. Same kind of antibody is produced. Cells can be cultured (cell line)
13 Antibodies produced Monoclonal Large amounts Desired specificity
14 Structure of antibodies Immunoglobulin G ( IgG ) is the major class of antibodies in the plasma. 150 kda Tetramer of Two heavy chains 50 kda Two light chains 25 kda Connected by disulfide bonds
15 light chain Heavy chain
16 IgG can bind and cross link antigens with multi binding sites
17
18 IgG is not a rigid molecule It has segmental flexibility
19 Classes of immunoglobulins IgG IgA IgM IgD IgE
20 Properties of immunoglobulin classes Class Concent. mg/dl Mass kda Heavy chain Chain structure IgG γ Monomer IgA α Dimer or trimer IgM μ Pentamer IgD δ Monomer IgE ϵ Monomer
21 Classes of immunoglobulins IgG IgA IgM??? IgD IgE
22 Properties of immunoglobulin classes Class IgG IgA The highest in concentration in the serum The major class in external secretions IgM The first class to appear in serum after exposure to antigen IgD Unknown role IgE A role in conferring protection against parasites Allergic reactions
23 Can t bind antigen Cleavage of IgG by papain (Limited proteolysis) F ab 50 kda Binds antigen Can t cross-link F c 50 kda Readily crystalyzes
24 Amino acid sequence of antibodies 2 L chains 25 kda 214 AA 2 H chains 50 kda 446 AA AA sequence L chain (multiple myeloma patients) vary from one patient to another same in many patients
25 Amino acid sequence of antibodies AA sequence H chain (multiple myeloma patients) vary from one patient to another same in many patients
26 Variable and constant regions of light and heavy chains 3 stretches (7-12 amino acids) hypervariable V L V H C L V L C H 3 V H
27
28
29 Immunoglobulin fold Pair of β sheets Each built of antiparallel β strands Connected by disulfide Three loops at one end of the structure Hypervariable stretches The binding surface complementarity determining regions (CDR)
30 The molecular basis of Antibodies diversity The Variable and constant regions Multiple V variable genes are separate from single C gene in embryonic DNA embryonic cell V 1, V 2, V 3..V n + C differentiated cell VC
31
32 Dreyer - Bennett hypothesis V V V V V Single germline C gene separate from multiple V genes V V V V C V V V C Rearranging V and C genes V V
33 The molecular basis of Antibodies diversity Immune system can generate > 10 8 antibodies proteins Human genome contains ~ 40,000 genes!
34 V genes in embryonic cells do not encode the entire variable gene V genes encode the first 97 amino acids Array of 40 segments J genes encode the last 13 amino acids Array of 5 segments near the C gene V 1, V 2,. V 40 J 1, J 2, J 5 C VJ VJC
35
36
37
38 Genes encoding heavy chains are present on chromosome 14 The variable gene is assembled from 3 segments 51 ~27 6 D join to J H then V is joined to DJ H
39
40 Number of possible combinations For κ 40 * 5 = 200 For λ 30 * 4 = 120 For H 51 * 6 *27 = 8262 Combination of 320 L and * 10 6 Somatic mutations increases the diversity
41 Class switching Proper immune response: Secreted antibodies must have appropriate effector function IgM IgG or IgA... Specificity unchanged Light chain unchanged V H unchanged C H is changed Gene rearrangement: movement of VDG from a site near one C gene to a site near another C gene Shifting of the recognition domain different effector function unchanged binding specificity
42
43
44 Immune system can distinguish between self and nonself Protection from invasion by foreign organisms is the primary function of immune system. Attacking host cells is avoided. How can immune system distinguish Cells that react strongly with self- antigens are killed early in the development of immune system
45
46
Protein homology. Antigens & Antibodies I. Administrative issues:
Administrative issues: Recommended text: Goldsby/Kuby Immunology, 6th edition (Note that Innate Immunity is not adequately covered in the 5th edition.) Text book reading assignments are to supplement the
More informationImmunoglobulins: Structure and Function
Immunoglobulins: Structure and Function Immunoglobulins:Structure and Function Definition: Glycoprotein molecules that are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen and which function as antibodies
More informationAntibody Structure. Antibodies
Antibodies Secreted by B lymphocytes Great diversity and specificity: >10 9 different antibodies; can distinguish between very similar molecules Tag particles for clearance/destruction Protect against
More informationAntibody Structure supports Function
Antibodies Secreted by B lymphocytes Great diversity and specificity: >10 9 different antibodies; can distinguish between very similar molecules Tag particles for clearance/destruction Protect against
More informationImmunoglobulins Harry W Schroeder Jr MD PhD
Immunoglobulins Harry W Schroeder Jr MD PhD Division of Developmental and Clinical Immunology Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Genetics University of Alabama at Birmingham Immunoglobulin Has
More informationChapter 2. Antibodies
Chapter 2. Antibodies An iddy-biddy antibody Just nanometers long Saved the butt of a sumo man Hundreds of kilos strong Anonymous The main elements of the immune system are firstly antibodies, secondly
More informationGENETIC BASIS OF ANTIBODY STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY. Steven J. Norris, Ph.D
GENETIC BASIS OF ANTIBODY STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY Steven J. Norris, Ph.D Topics I. General principles II. The heavy chain Ig locus and VDJ rearrangement III. Light chain rearrangement. IV. Mechanisms of
More informationImmunology: Antibody Basics
e-learning JABSOM Immunology: Antibody Basics One :: General Structure Identify the Parts of an Antibody Two :: Isotypes Identify Antibody Isotypes Three :: Function Match Antibody Functions With Isotypes
More informationBasic Antibody Structure. Multiple myeloma = cancerous plasma cells Monomer = 150,000. Chapter 4. Immunoglobulin Structure and Function
Chapter 4. Immunoglobulin Structure and Function. Functional Regions. Types of chains. Constant & Variable regions 4. Glycoprotein * * * Heavy chain= 446 aa Light chain= 4aa Each heavy and light chain
More informationLECTURE: 22 IMMUNOGLOBULIN DIVERSITIES LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The student should be able to:
LECTURE: 22 Title IMMUNOGLOBULIN DIVERSITIES LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The student should be able to: Identify the chromosome that contains the gene segments that encode the surface immunoglobulin heavy chain
More informationMOLECULAR RECOGNITION
MOLECULAR RECOGNITION Bioanalytical Methods Classification 1. Biassay: molecular recognition, signal generation and detection in solution or on inert solid phase 2. Biosensor: molecular recognition system
More informationCHAPTER 7 CELLULAR BASIS OF ANTIBODY DIVERSITY: CLONAL SELECTION
CHAPTER 7 CELLULAR BASIS OF ANTIBODY DIVERSITY: CLONAL SELECTION The specificity of humoral immune responses relies on the huge DIVERSITY of antigen combining sites present in antibodies, diversity which
More informationAntibodies and Antigens in the Blood Bank 9/7/2015 NAHLA BAKHAMIS 1
Antibodies and Antigens in the Blood Bank NAHLA BAKHAMIS 9/7/2015 NAHLA BAKHAMIS 1 Outline Antibodies structure, classes and functions Most important Abs in the blood bank effective roles of Abs Zeta potential
More informationCHAPTER 3 ANTIBODY STRUCTURE I
CHAPTER 3 ANTIBODY STRUCTURE I See APPENDIX: (3) OUCHTERLONY ANALYSIS; (6), EQUILIBRIUM DIALYSIS; (7) CROSS-REACTIVITY Electrophoretic separation of serum proteins identifies the GAMMA-GLOBULIN fraction
More information1 Name. 1. (3 pts) What is apoptosis and how does it differ from necrosis? Which is more likely to trigger inflammation?
1 Name MCB 150 Midterm Eam #1 (100 points total) Please write your full name on each page of the eam!! The eam consists of 17 questions (6 pages). Each has a different point count as indicated. Please
More informationSerology as a Diagnostic Technique
Serology as a Diagnostic Technique Characteristics of Any Diagnostic Techniques Any useful detection strategy must be: Specific: yield a positive response for only the target organism or molecule. Sensitive:
More informationAntibodies and Antigens In the blood bank
Antibodies and Antigens In the blood bank 1 Nice game!! http://nobelprize.org/ 2 Karl Landsteiner discovered blood groups in 1901. Awarded Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1930 3 Why we study
More informationIMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES UNDERGO TWO DNA REARRANGEMENTS
A Prototype Ig Gene: Murine Kappa About 10 0 V κ gene segments 4 J Gene Segment s 1 C κ Gene Segmen t Multiple V gene segments, distant from J and C A few J gene segments One C gene segment GERMLINE Ig
More informationT and B cell gene rearrangement October 17, Ram Savan
T and B cell gene rearrangement October 17, 2016 Ram Savan savanram@uw.edu 441 Lecture #9 Slide 1 of 28 Three lectures on antigen receptors Part 1 (Last Friday): Structural features of the BCR and TCR
More informationMEDICAL IMMUNOLOGY 544. Dr. George A. Gutman
I M M U N O L O G Y CORE NOTES MEDICAL IMMUNOLOGY 544 FALL 2011 Dr. George A. Gutman SCHOOL OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE (Copyright) 2011 Regents of the University of California TABLE OF
More informationImmunoglobulins. Biological Properties
Immunoglobulins Biological Properties Introduction Many important biological properties are attributed to antibodies that differ depending on isotype These include; - Neutralization of toxins - Immobilization
More informationBi 8 Lecture 7. Ellen Rothenberg 26 January Reading: Ch. 3, pp ; panel 3-1
Bi 8 Lecture 7 PROTEIN STRUCTURE, Functional analysis, and evolution Ellen Rothenberg 26 January 2016 Reading: Ch. 3, pp. 109-134; panel 3-1 (end with free amine) aromatic, hydrophobic small, hydrophilic
More informationBiomolecular chemistry. 7. Antibodies: structure and function
154 Biomolecular chemistry 7. Antibodies: structure and function Suggested reading: Sections 5.1 to 5.3 of Mikkelsen and Cortón, Bioanalytical Chemistry Primary Source Material Biochemistry Chapter 33:
More informationبسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم. Today we're going to talk about the generation of diversity of the receptors of the lymphocytes
بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم Today we're going to talk about the generation of diversity of the receptors of the lymphocytes The receptors of lymphocytes are : 1. B cells : immunoglobulins ; which are cell bound
More informationAtlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology. IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES: CONCEPT OF DNA REARRANGEMENT * Introduction
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES: CONCEPT OF DNA REARRANGEMENT * Introduction I Historical questions II Answers II.1 Light chains (kappa or lambda) II.1.1
More informationDiscovery and Humanization of Novel High Affinity Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies to Human IL-17A
Discovery and Humanization of Novel High Affinity Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies to Human IL-17A Contacts: Marty Simonetti martysimonetti@gmail.com Kirby Alton kirby.alton@abeomecorp.com Rick Shimkets
More informationIn vitro cultures of bone marrow stromal cells and progenitor B cells can accurately recapitulate the normal steps of B cell development.
Regular Office Hours: Tuesdays 11-12 Extra office hours: Wed, Feb 7 12-1pm Thurs, Feb 8 11am-12 Fri, Feb 9 2-4pm I WILL NOT BE HOLDING OFFICE HOURS ON TUESDAY Feb 13!! Dina, Tim, and I encourage all confused
More informationB cell development The stages of B cell development
Regular Office Hours: Tuesdays 11-12 Extra office hours: Wed, Feb 7 12-1pm Thurs, Feb 8 11am-12 Fri, Feb 9 2-4pm I WILL NOT BE HOLDING OFFICE HOURS ON TUESDAY Feb 13!! Dina, Tim, and I encourage all confused
More informationChapter 17: Immunization & Immune Testing. 1. Immunization 2. Diagnostic Immunology
Chapter 17: Immunization & Immune Testing 1. Immunization 2. Diagnostic Immunology 1. Immunization Chapter Reading pp. 505-511 What is Immunization? A method of inducing artificial immunity by exposing
More informationChapter 8 DNA Recognition in Prokaryotes by Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs
Chapter 8 DNA Recognition in Prokaryotes by Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs 1. Helix-turn-helix proteins 2. Zinc finger proteins 3. Leucine zipper proteins 4. Beta-scaffold factors 5. Others λ-repressor AND CRO
More informationNucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
3 Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Chapter 3 Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Key Concepts 3.1 Nucleic Acids Are Informational Macromolecules 3.2 Proteins Are Polymers with Important Structural
More informationChapter 3 Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
3 Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Chapter 3 Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Key Concepts 3.1 Nucleic Acids Are Informational Macromolecules 3.2 Proteins Are Polymers with Important Structural
More informationSPECIFICITY, DIVERSITY, AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES
SPECIFICITY, DIVERSITY, AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY. This can be thought of in terms of the goodness of fit (affinity) between an antigenic determinant and a lymphocyte receptor or antibody.
More informationCHAPTER 2A HOW DO YOU BEGIN TO CLONE A GENE? CHAPTER 2A STUDENT GUIDE 2013 Amgen Foundation. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER 2A HOW DO YOU BEGIN TO CLONE A GENE? 35 INTRODUCTION In the Program Introduction, you learned that the increase in diabetes in the United States has resulted in a great demand for its treatment,
More informationGeneration of Recombinant Antibodies and Means for Increasing Their Affinity
ISSN 0006-2979, Biochemistry (Moscow), 2010, Vol. 75, No. 13, pp. 1584-1605. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2010. Original Russian Text E. P. Altshuler, D. V. Serebryanaya, A. G. Katrukha, 2010, published
More informationElectrophoresis and transfer
Electrophoresis and transfer Electrophoresis Cation = positively charged ion, it moves toward the cathode (-) Anion = negatively charged ion, it moves toward the anode (+) Amphoteric substance = can have
More informationProSEC 300S. Protein Characterization columns
ProSEC 300S Protein Characterization columns Agilent s ProSEC 300S is a silica-based material specifically designed for the analysis of proteins by aqueous size exclusion chromatography. With a proprietary
More informationSee more signal with less noise
See more signal with less noise SeraCare KPL Antibodies & Conjugates See more signal with less noise In nature many animals use camouflage to escape detection. An animal s survival often depends upon its
More informationIg Isotype (Human) Quantitative Antibody Array
Ig Isotype (Human) Quantitative Antibody Array Catalog Number AA0113 8 Samples/Slide Version: 02 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Introduction and Background A. Overview The human immune system
More informationSPHERO TM Coated Particles
SPHERO TM Coated Particles Manufactured by either passive adsorption or covalent coupling depending upon the intended application Stable for several years under proper storage condition Available in a
More informationLecture 25 (11/15/17)
Lecture 25 (11/15/17) Reading: Ch9; 328-332 Ch25; 990-995, 1005-1012 Problems: Ch9 (study-guide: applying); 1,2 Ch9 (study-guide: facts); 7,8 Ch25 (text); 1-3,5-7,9,10,13-15 Ch25 (study-guide: applying);
More informationAntigen-Antibody Interaction
- Interaction JASON BROWNLEE Technical Report 070427A Complex Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Centre for Information Technology Research, Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies, Swinburne
More informationFORENSIC SEROLOGY. Chapter PRENTICE HALL 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Chapter 8 FORENSIC SEROLOGY 8-1 Nature of Blood The word blood refers to a highly complex mixture of cells, enzymes, proteins, and inorganic substances. Plasma, which is the fluid portion of blood, is
More informationAssembling Protein Molecules
How Does Dna Provide Instructions For Assembling Protein Molecules What does the information in DNA molecules provide instructions for? A. Assembling B. Assembling protein molecules into amino acids. C.
More informationImmunological Techniques
Midterm Extra Office Hours Take Regular Office Hours: Tuesdays 11-12 Extra office hours: Wed, Feb 7 12-1pm Thurs, Feb 8 11am-12 Fri, Feb 9 2-4pm I WILL NOT BE HOLDING OFFICE HOURS ON TUESDAY Feb 13!! Dina,
More informationCHAPTER 18 LECTURE NOTES: CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION PART B: CONTROL IN EUKARYOTES
CHAPTER 18 LECTURE NOTES: CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION PART B: CONTROL IN EUKARYOTES I. Introduction A. No operon structures in eukaryotes B. Regulation of gene expression is frequently tissue specific.
More informationImmunotherapy in myeloma
Immunotherapy in myeloma This Horizons Infosheet contains information on immunotherapy, a type of treatment being investigated in myeloma. The Horizons Infosheet series provides information relating to
More informationDNA Structure & the Genome. Bio160 General Biology
DNA Structure & the Genome Bio160 General Biology Lecture Outline I. DNA A nucleic acid II. Chromosome Structure III. Chromosomes and Genes IV. DNA vs. RNA I. DNA A Nucleic Acid Structure of DNA: Remember:
More informationRegents Biology REVIEW 5: GENETICS
Period Date REVIEW 5: GENETICS 1. Chromosomes: a. Humans have chromosomes, or homologous pairs. Homologous: b. Chromosome pairs carry genes for the same traits. Most organisms have two copies of the gene
More informationAssays and Strategies for Immunogenicity Assessment. Steven J Swanson, Ph.D. Executive Director, Medical Sciences Clinical Immunology, Amgen
Assays and Strategies for Immunogenicity Assessment Steven J Swanson, Ph.D. Executive Director, Medical Sciences Clinical Immunology, Amgen General Antibody Assay Strategy Correlation of clinical findings
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Hamed Al Zoubi
number 3 Done by Neda a Baniata Corrected by Waseem Abu Obeida Doctor Hamed Al Zoubi Note: it is important to refer to slides. Bacterial genetics *The main concepts we will talk about in this lecture:
More informationBiological immune systems
Immune Systems 1 Introduction 2 Biological immune systems Living organism must protect themselves from the attempt of other organisms to exploit their resources Some would-be exploiter (pathogen) is much
More informationCHAPTER 21 LECTURE SLIDES
CHAPTER 21 LECTURE SLIDES Prepared by Brenda Leady University of Toledo To run the animations you must be in Slideshow View. Use the buttons on the animation to play, pause, and turn audio/text on or off.
More informationGenetics Lecture 21 Recombinant DNA
Genetics Lecture 21 Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA In 1971, a paper published by Kathleen Danna and Daniel Nathans marked the beginning of the recombinant DNA era. The paper described the isolation of
More informationSDS-PAGE and Western Blot. Molecular Basis of Evolution
1 SDS-PAGE and Western Blot Molecular Basis of Evolution Homology high level of DNA and protein sequence similarity due to common ancestry. Evidence Genomes of related organisms are very similar. Even
More informationThe Nottingham eprints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions.
Aickelin, Uwe (2003) Artificial Immune System and Intrusion Detection Tutorial. In: Introduction Tutorials in Optimization, Search and Decision Support Methodologies, Nottingham, UK. Access from the University
More informationPurification: Step 1. Lecture 11 Protein and Peptide Chemistry. Cells: Break them open! Crude Extract
Purification: Step 1 Lecture 11 Protein and Peptide Chemistry Cells: Break them open! Crude Extract Total contents of cell Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2003 Big Problem: Crude extract is not the natural
More informationPurification: Step 1. Protein and Peptide Chemistry. Lecture 11. Big Problem: Crude extract is not the natural environment. Cells: Break them open!
Lecture 11 Protein and Peptide Chemistry Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2003 Purification: Step 1 Cells: Break them open! Crude Extract Total contents of cell Big Problem: Crude extract is not the natural
More informationOmniAb. Naturally optimized human antibodies
OmniAb Naturally optimized human antibodies Transgenic animals for hmab discovery Only company to offer three platforms Patented technology with freedom to operate V L V H C C H 1 hinge C H 2 C H 3 2 28
More informationBiomolecular chemistry. 5. Antibodies: structure and function
130 Biomolecular chemistry 5. Antibodies: structure and function Required reading: Sections 5.1 to 5.3 of Mikkelsen and Cortón, Bioanalytical Chemistry Primary Source Material Biochemistry Chapter 33:
More informationCHAPTER 20 DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENOMICS. Section A: DNA Cloning
Section A: DNA Cloning 1. DNA technology makes it possible to clone genes for basic research and commercial applications: an overview 2. Restriction enzymes are used to make recombinant DNA 3. Genes can
More informationName 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene Test Date Study Guide You must know: The structure of DNA. The major steps to replication.
Name 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene Test Date Study Guide You must know: The structure of DNA. The major steps to replication. The difference between replication, transcription, and translation. How
More informationStep-by-Step Description of ELISA
Step-by-Step Description of ELISA The protocols in this kit rely on indirect antibody capture ELISA. The steps in this assay are: Step 1: Antigen is added to the wells of the microplate strip and incubated
More informationJaundiced Baby. Introduction to the Patient-Oriented Problem-Solving (POPS) System
Jaundiced Baby Developed by Larry J. McCumber, PhD Parker A. Small, Jr, MD Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville, Florida Modified by G.
More information7.06 Cell Biology QUIZ #3
Recitation Section: 7.06 Cell Biology QUIZ #3 This is an open book exam, and you are allowed access to books and notes, but not computers or any other types of electronic devices. Please write your answers
More informationMicrobial Biotechnology agustin krisna wardani
Microbial Biotechnology agustin krisna wardani 1. The Structure of Microbes Microbes (microorganisms) are tiny organisms that are too small to be seen individually by the naked eye and must be viewed with
More informationHigher National Unit specification General information Unit title: Unit code: Superclass: Publication date: Source: Version: Unit purpose Outcomes
Higher National Unit specification General information Unit code: H92E 35 Superclass: RH Publication date: May 2015 Source: Scottish Qualifications Authority Version: 02 Unit purpose This Unit is designed
More informationGenetic material must be able to:
Genetic material must be able to: Contain the information necessary to construct an entire organism Pass from parent to offspring and from cell to cell during cell division Be accurately copied Account
More informationThe replication of DNA Kornberg 1957 Meselson and Stahl 1958 Cairns 1963 Okazaki 1968 DNA Replication The driving force for DNA synthesis. The addition of a nucleotide to a growing polynucleotide
More informationLecture 3. Used anti B cell marker antibodies to deplete in mice
Lecture 3 V-Gene Rearrangement and Expression Used anti B cell marker antibodies to deplete in mice Rat anti mouse CD19, anti mouse B220, and anti mouse CD22. Mice were then injected with a secondary antibody
More informationChapter 13: DNA Structure & Function
Chapter 13: DNA Structure & Function Structure of the Hereditary Material Experiments in the 1950s showed that DNA is the hereditary material Scientists raced to determine the structure of DNA 1953 - Watson
More informationIntroducing new DNA into the genome requires cloning the donor sequence, delivery of the cloned DNA into the cell, and integration into the genome.
Key Terms Chapter 32: Genetic Engineering Cloning describes propagation of a DNA sequence by incorporating it into a hybrid construct that can be replicated in a host cell. A cloning vector is a plasmid
More information8/21/2014. From Gene to Protein
From Gene to Protein Chapter 17 Objectives Describe the contributions made by Garrod, Beadle, and Tatum to our understanding of the relationship between genes and enzymes Briefly explain how information
More informationDTT Treated Reagent Red Cells for use in Resolving DARA Interference. More Than Just Kell?? Marilyn Stewart MT(ASCP)SBB
DTT Treated Reagent Red Cells for use in Resolving DARA Interference More Than Just Kell?? Marilyn Stewart MT(ASCP)SBB Daratumumab Anti-myeloma and anti-lymphoma agent known to interfere with routine Blood
More informationDNA STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION
AP BIOLOGY EVOLUTION/HEREDITY UNIT Unit 1 Part 2 Chapter 16 Activity #2 BUILDING BLOCKS OF DNA: Nucleotides: NAME DATE PERIOD DNA STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION 1. 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose) 2. Nitrogenous
More informationA Level. A Level Biology. Cells, Microscopes, Cell Cycle and Immunity Questions. AQA, OCR, Edexcel. Name: Total Marks: Page 1
AQA, OCR, Edexcel A Level A Level Biology Cells, Microscopes, Cell Cycle and Immunity Questions Name: Total Marks: Page 1 Q1.The diagram shows a eukaryotic cell. (a) Complete the table by giving the letter
More informationAntibody Purification Guide
Guide Innova Biosciences Guide Innova Biosciences Ltd. Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB22 3AT +44 (0)1223 661000 info@innovabiosciences.com Guide 2 Innova Biosciences specializes in easy to
More informationMechanisms of extravascular destruction of red cells coated with IgG1 or IgG3 (± C3b).
Introduction - Antibodies involved in transfusion reactions are of two types, namely the complete and the incomplete. - whereas the complete antibodies agglutinate red cells in saline medium, the incomplete
More informationApplication of Biacore Technology
Principles and typical results Application of Biacore Technology Common types of Biacore analyses Specificity analysis Is my molecule of interest specific for its target? Multiple binding analysis In which
More informationBCH 462. Single Radial Immunodiffusion and Immuno-electrophoresis
BCH 462 Single Radial Immunodiffusion and Immuno-electrophoresis Immunoassays tests include: 1. Precipitation. 2. Agglutination. 3. Immunofluorescence. 4. Radioimmunoassay (RIA). 5. Enzyme-Linked Immuno
More informationStrategies for Assessment of Immunotoxicology in Preclinical Drug Development
Strategies for Assessment of Immunotoxicology in Preclinical Drug Development Rebecca Brunette, PhD Scientist, Analytical Biology SNBL USA Preclinical Immunotoxicology The study of evaluating adverse effects
More informationViruses 11/30/2015. Chapter 19. Key Concepts in Chapter 19
Chapter 19 Viruses Dr. Wendy Sera Houston Community College Biology 1406 Key Concepts in Chapter 19 1. A virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. 2. Viruses replicate only in host
More informationMake High Quality Affordable
Protein Antibody Gene Kit Cell Lysate Fc receptor Antibody Cancer antigen ed NK-Cell le as Cancer-Cell Perfo r i n a n d G r a n zy r me e Make Quality Affordable Fc receptor Function and s Function:,
More information1. Cross-linking and cell harvesting
ChIP is a powerful tool that allows the specific matching of proteins or histone modifications to regions of the genome. Chromatin is isolated and antibodies to the antigen of interest are used to determine
More informationDNA: Structure and Replication - 1
DNA: Structure and Replication - 1 We have briefly discussed that DNA is the genetic molecule of life. In eukaryotic organisms DNA (along with its histone proteins) is found in chromosomes. All cell activities
More informationAnswers to Module 1. An obligate aerobe is an organism that has an absolute requirement of oxygen for growth.
Answers to Module 1 Short Answers 1) What is an obligate aerobe? An obligate aerobe is an organism that has an absolute requirement of oxygen for growth. What about facultative anaerobe? 2) Distinguish
More informationDNA Structure and Function. Chapter 13
DNA Structure and Function Chapter 13 Impacts, Issues Here Kitty, Kitty, Kitty, Kitty, Kitty Clones made from adult cells have problems; the cell s DNA must be reprogrammed to function like the DNA of
More information4) separates the DNA strands during replication a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E. 5) covalently connects segments of DNA a. A b. B c. C d. D e.
1) Chargaff's analysis of the relative base composition of DNA was significant because he was able to show that a. the relative proportion of each of the four bases differs from species to species. b.
More informationA therapeutic battle: Antibodies vs. Aptamers
NS109 - Research paper Nanoscience master program A therapeutic battle: Antibodies vs. Aptamers Jan Hidding* 1 Abstract The goal of creating drugs that specifically target their pathogen has been around
More informationDNA: The Molecule of Heredity How did scientists discover that genes are made of DNA?
DNA: The Molecule of Heredity How did scientists discover that genes are made of DNA? By the late 1800s, scientists knew that genetic information existed as distinct units called genes. hapter 11 By the
More informationIMGT Locus on Focus. ABC Fax Marie-Paule Lefranc
Exp Clin Immunogenet 1998;15:1 7 Received: January 7, 1998 Marie-Paule Lefranc Laboratoire d ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire, CNRS, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France IMGT Locus on Focus A New
More informationDNA replication. - proteins for initiation of replication; - proteins for polymerization of nucleotides.
DNA replication Replication represents the duplication of the genetic information encoded in DNA that is the crucial step in the reproduction of living organisms and the growth of multicellular organisms.
More informationA Guide to the Perplexed on the Specificity of Antibodies
Volume 57(1): 1 5, 2009 Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry http://www.jhc.org PERSPECTIVE A Guide to the Perplexed on the Specificity of Antibodies Clifford B. Saper Department of Neurology and
More informationProtein Synthesis Notes
Protein Synthesis Notes Protein Synthesis: Overview Transcription: synthesis of mrna under the direction of DNA. Translation: actual synthesis of a polypeptide under the direction of mrna. Transcription
More informationSynAbs S.A. Driving mab innovation for the IVD & BioPharma R&D markets
SynAbs S.A. Driving mab innovation for the IVD & BioPharma R&D markets February 20, 2016 SynAbs in a nutshell (1/2) Rat monoclonal antibodies, service and catalog Innovative guinea pig monoclonals! Mouse
More informationHow to run Alpha assay: How to setup an Alpha assay Make your own assay!
How to run Alpha assay: How to setup an Alpha assay Make your own assay! 1 2009 PerkinElmer AlphaLISA kits - recommendations before starting the assay Samples: Phenol red and hemoglobin: choose AlphaLISA
More informationTranscription in Prokaryotes. Jörg Bungert, PhD Phone:
Transcription in Prokaryotes Jörg Bungert, PhD Phone: 352-273-8098 Email: jbungert@ufl.edu Objectives Understand the basic mechanism of transcription. Know the function of promoter elements and associating
More information