Biotech Applications Nucleic acid therapeutics, Antibiotics, Transgenics. BIT 220 End of Chapter 22 (Snustad/Simmons)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Biotech Applications Nucleic acid therapeutics, Antibiotics, Transgenics. BIT 220 End of Chapter 22 (Snustad/Simmons)"

Transcription

1 Biotech Applications Nucleic acid therapeutics, Antibiotics, Transgenics BIT 220 End of Chapter 22 (Snustad/Simmons)

2 Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Agents Many diseases (cancer, inflammatory diseases) from overproduction of a protein Nucleotide sequences can help treat these Synthetic oligonucleotides: Single-stranded Several nt long Hybridize to mrna block or diminish translation called antisense oligonucleotide

3 Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Oligo that binds gene and blocks transcription called an antigene Other ones can bind to transcription factor; double-stranded oligonucleotides can bind DNA binding proteins, stopping activation of transcription

4 Antisense RNA

5 Antisense RNA Make transcripts in plasmid in wrong orientation can get gene sequence (but doesn t make correct protein) Examples where could be used: Insulin like growth factor 1; found in brain cancer and prostate cancer Worked in mice they developed smaller or no tumors when cancerous prostate cells were injected with antisense RNA (large tumors in controls

6 Antisense Oligonucleotides Same idea as antisense RNA, but only blocking a portion of the mrna of the molecule with a targeted synthesized oligo E.g. (really nt. in length) Sequence : 5 AUCCUAGGA3 (from mrna) Oligo: UAGGAUCCU

7 Antisense Oligonucleotides May try different oligos that block different portions of mrna- see which one works best at blocking translation No area better than others; have tried: 5 and 3 regions of molecule Places which were exon/intron boundaries

8 Antisense Oligonucleotides Other applications restenosis 40% of patients get more arterial blockage after angioplasty Oligos to cell cycle in rat arteries blocked restenosis by about 90% In humans antisense in phase I for Crohn s disease (inflammatory condition), blocked intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Few side affects

9 Antibiotics Amoxicillin Penicillin Erythromycin Streptomycin Tetracycline Cefaclor The list goes on (about 12,000 kinds!)

10 Antibiotics Treat bacterial disease Saved millions of lives 100,000 tons produced per year $5 billion in sales 200 new ones per year are discovered, only 1% are marketed

11 Antibiotic Biosynthesis Genes Biosynthetic pathways are complex enzymatic steps Little/no information about genes or proteins Strategy to clone/isolate genes? Clone by Complementation

12 Molecular Biotech Role in Antibiotics develop new, structurally unique antibiotics with increased activities mixture of enzymatic pathways in same organism (metabolic engineering) genetic manipulation to enhance yields and thus lower cost of production Strategies to enhance production

13 Transformation of Streptomyces

14

15 Transgenic Animals process of introducing foreign or exogenous DNA into an animal s genome Transgene DNA introduced into: Cows Fish Birds Sheep Mice Goats

16 Transgenic Animals Single genes or gene clusters into the chromosomal DNA of higher organisms Strategy: 1. cloned gene injected into nucleus of fertilized egg 2. inoculated eggs implanted into female 3. some offspring carry cloned gene all their cells 4. breed animals with germ-line integrated cloned gene

17 Why transgenics? Improve genetic Features of domesticated Animals Provide animal models for study of human diseases Pharming using farm animals for production of human pharmaceuticals -mammary glands Study the genes regulation, development of animals

18 Definition Animal (or plant) whose genetic composition is altered by the addition of an exogenous, foreign gene is TRANSGENIC Methods: Embryonic stem cell Pronucleus method

19 Embryonic Stem Cell Method 1. Make your DNA Using recombinant DNA methods, the structural gene you desire (e.g., the insulin gene) vector DNA to enable the molecules to be inserted into host DNA molecules promoter and enhancer sequences to enable the gene to be expressed by host cells 2. Transform ES cells in culture Expose the cultured cells to the DNA so that some will incorporate it.

20 Embryonic Stem Cell Method 3. Select for successfully transformed cells. [ 4. Inject these cells into the inner cell mass (ICM) of mouse blastocysts. 5. Embryo transfer Prepare a pseudopregnant mouse (by mating a female mouse with a vasectomized male). The stimulus of mating elicits the hormonal changes needed to make her uterus receptive. Transfer the embryos into her uterus. Hope that they implant successfully and develop into healthy pups (no more than one-third will).

21 Embryonic Stem Cell Method 7. Establish a transgenic strain Mate two heterozygous mice and screen their offspring for the 1:4 that will be homozygous for the transgene. Mating these will found the transgenic strain.

22

23 Pronucleus Method Prepare your DNA as in Method 1 2. Transform fertilized eggs Harvest freshly fertilized eggs before the sperm head has become a pronucleus. Inject the male pronucleus with your DNA. When the pronuclei have fused to form the diploid zygote nucleus, allow the zygote to divide by mitosis to form a 2-cell embryo. 3. Implant the embryos in a pseudopregnant foster mother and proceed as in Method 1.

24 Figure from Snustad/Simmons Microinjection

25 Transgenic mouse- Human growth hormone

26 Once Transgenics are made Integration of DNA G0 generation : Mosiacs (G1 progeny): all cells contain transgene 1. Determine whether the progeny are TRANSGENIC piece of tail, PCR, Southern Blot 2. Mate this transgenic animal to determine whether the transgene is in GERM line 3. Breed to get homogenous transgenic line

27 Transgenic animals - applications Model systems biological basis of human disease Better milk production from cows Bigger pigs (growth hormone) Chickens low cholesterol eggs Fish again, bigger growth hormone Sheep increased wool production

28

29 Transgenic Model for Alzheimer s See handout Gene inserted has mutations of APP that correlate with early onset of disease (< age 50) Can help learn about progression of disease, etc.

Student Learning Outcomes (SLOS) - Advanced Cell Biology

Student Learning Outcomes (SLOS) - Advanced Cell Biology Course objectives The main objective is to develop the ability to critically analyse and interpret the results of the scientific literature and to be able to apply this knowledge to afford new scientific

More information

Recombinant DNA. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview Recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview Recombinant DNA Lesson Overview 15.2 Finding Genes In 1987, Douglas Prasher, a biologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts, wanted to find a specific gene in a jellyfish that codes for a molecule

More information

13-1 Changing the Living World

13-1 Changing the Living World 13-1 Changing the Living World In the past, variation was limited to the variations already in nature or random variations that resulted from mutations. Now, scientists can change DNA and swap genes from

More information

Cloning genes into animals. Transgenic animal carries foreign gene inserted into its genome.

Cloning genes into animals. Transgenic animal carries foreign gene inserted into its genome. Cloning genes into animals Transgenic animal carries foreign gene inserted into its genome. Transgenic goats Ch. 10 pg. 281 Produce human protein (drug) in milk Pharming Transgenic animals to produce human

More information

Experimental genetics - 2 Partha Roy

Experimental genetics - 2 Partha Roy Partha Roy Experimental genetics - 2 Making genetically altered animal 1) Gene knock-out k from: a) the entire animal b) selected cell-type/ tissue c) selected cell-type/tissue at certain time 2) Transgenic

More information

Transgenesis. Stable integration of foreign DNA into host genome Foreign DNA is passed to progeny germline transmission

Transgenesis. Stable integration of foreign DNA into host genome Foreign DNA is passed to progeny germline transmission Transgenic Mice Transgenesis Stable integration of foreign DNA into host genome Foreign DNA is passed to progeny germline transmission integrates into all cells including sperm or egg Knockin mice DNA

More information

Biosc10 schedule reminders

Biosc10 schedule reminders Biosc10 schedule reminders Review of molecular biology basics DNA Is each person s DNA the same, or unique? What does DNA look like? What are the three parts of each DNA nucleotide Which DNA bases pair,

More information

A Survey of Genetic Methods

A Survey of Genetic Methods IBS 8102 Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology A Survey of Genetic Methods January 24, 2008 DNA RNA Hybridization ** * radioactive probe reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RT PCR DNA

More information

Transgenic animals. Animals which have been genetically engineered to contain one or more genes from an exogenous source.

Transgenic animals. Animals which have been genetically engineered to contain one or more genes from an exogenous source. Transgenic animals Transgenic animals Animals which have been genetically engineered to contain one or more genes from an exogenous source. Transgenes are integrated into the genome. A large number of

More information

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Unit 8

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Unit 8 BIOTECHNOLOGY Unit 8 PART 1 BASIC/FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE VS. APPLIED SCIENCE! Basic/Fundamental Science the development and establishment of information to aid our understanding of the world.! Applied Science

More information

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application BIOTECHNOLOGY Understanding the Application GENETIC ENGINEERING Genetic engineering refers to any process in which man alters an organism s DNA Examples: cloning, genetically modified organisms (GMO),

More information

Concepts and Methods in Developmental Biology

Concepts and Methods in Developmental Biology Biology 4361 Developmental Biology Concepts and Methods in Developmental Biology June 16, 2009 Conceptual and Methodological Tools Concepts Genomic equivalence Differential gene expression Differentiation/de-differentiation

More information

Analysis of gene function

Analysis of gene function Genome 371, 22 February 2010, Lecture 12 Analysis of gene function Gene knockouts PHASE TWO: INTERPRETATION I THINK I FOUND A CORNER PIECE. 3 BILLION PIECES Analysis of a disease gene Gene knockout or

More information

Interest Grabber Notebook #1

Interest Grabber Notebook #1 Chapter 13 Interest Grabber Notebook #1 A New Breed The tomatoes in your salad and the dog in your backyard are a result of selective breeding. Over thousands of years, humans have developed breeds of

More information

A) (5 points) As the starting step isolate genomic DNA from

A) (5 points) As the starting step isolate genomic DNA from GS Final Exam Spring 00 NAME. bub ts is a recessive temperature sensitive mutation in yeast. At º C bub ts cells grow normally, but at º C they die. Use the information below to clone the wild-type BUB

More information

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application

BIOTECHNOLOGY. Understanding the Application BELLRINGER-5/4/15 1. What method would you guess forensic scientists use to identify criminals at crime scenes? 2. What do you think we mean by the term biotechnology? BIOTECHNOLOGY Understanding the Application

More information

Lecture 8: Transgenic Model Systems and RNAi

Lecture 8: Transgenic Model Systems and RNAi Lecture 8: Transgenic Model Systems and RNAi I. Model systems 1. Caenorhabditis elegans Caenorhabditis elegans is a microscopic (~1 mm) nematode (roundworm) that normally lives in soil. It has become one

More information

Hybridization - the act or process of mating organisms of varieties or species to create a hybrid. Insecticide crops

Hybridization - the act or process of mating organisms of varieties or species to create a hybrid. Insecticide crops Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the alteration of genetic code by means, and is therefore different from traditional selective breeding. Only allowing desired characteristics to reproduce. Scorpion

More information

Lecture 17. Transgenics. Definition Overview Goals Production p , ,

Lecture 17. Transgenics. Definition Overview Goals Production p , , Lecture 17 Reading Lecture 17: p. 251-256, 260-261 & 264-266 Lecture 18: p. 258-264, 508-524 Transgenics Definition Overview Goals Production p.251-256, 260-261, 264-266 315 Definition A transgenic animal

More information

2014 Pearson Education, Inc. CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology

2014 Pearson Education, Inc. CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology Biotechnology the use of microorganisms to make practical products Recombinant DNA = DNA from 2 different sources What is Recombinant DNA Technology? modifying genomes

More information

Human Molecular Genetics Assignment 3 (Week 3)

Human Molecular Genetics Assignment 3 (Week 3) Human Molecular Genetics Assignment 3 (Week 3) Q1. Which one of the following is an effect of a genetic mutation? a. Prevent the synthesis of a normal protein. b. Alters the function of the resulting protein

More information

GENE EXPRESSSION. Promoter sequence where RNA polymerase binds. Operator sequence that acts as a switch (yellow) OPERON

GENE EXPRESSSION. Promoter sequence where RNA polymerase binds. Operator sequence that acts as a switch (yellow) OPERON GENE EXPRESSSION 1 GENE REGULATION IN PROKARYOTES Bacteria can turn genes on or off depending on their environment Prokaryotes have operons clusters of related genes and regulatory sequences Promoter sequence

More information

Genetics - Problem Drill 19: Dissection of Gene Function: Mutational Analysis of Model Organisms

Genetics - Problem Drill 19: Dissection of Gene Function: Mutational Analysis of Model Organisms Genetics - Problem Drill 19: Dissection of Gene Function: Mutational Analysis of Model Organisms No. 1 of 10 1. The mouse gene knockout is based on. (A) Homologous recombination (B) Site-specific recombination

More information

Guided Notes Unit 5: Molecular Genetics

Guided Notes Unit 5: Molecular Genetics Name: Date: Block: Chapter 8: From DNA to Protein I. Concept 8.4: Transcription a. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology i. Information flows in one direction: ii. How? Guided Notes Unit 5: Molecular Genetics

More information

CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology

CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology CH 8: Recombinant DNA Technology Biotechnology the use of microorganisms to make practical products Recombinant DNA = DNA from 2 different sources What is Recombinant DNA Technology? modifying genomes

More information

Enzyme that uses RNA as a template to synthesize a complementary DNA

Enzyme that uses RNA as a template to synthesize a complementary DNA Biology 105: Introduction to Genetics PRACTICE FINAL EXAM 2006 Part I: Definitions Homology: Comparison of two or more protein or DNA sequence to ascertain similarities in sequences. If two genes have

More information

Genetics Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. Instructor: Dr. Jihad Abdallah Topic 16: Biotechnology

Genetics Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. Instructor: Dr. Jihad Abdallah Topic 16: Biotechnology Genetics 10201232 Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Instructor: Dr. Jihad Abdallah Topic 16: Biotechnology 1 Biotechnology is defined as the technology that involves the use of living organisms

More information

Introducing new DNA into the genome requires cloning the donor sequence, delivery of the cloned DNA into the cell, and integration into the genome.

Introducing new DNA into the genome requires cloning the donor sequence, delivery of the cloned DNA into the cell, and integration into the genome. Key Terms Chapter 32: Genetic Engineering Cloning describes propagation of a DNA sequence by incorporating it into a hybrid construct that can be replicated in a host cell. A cloning vector is a plasmid

More information

Page 3. 18) The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology.

Page 3. 18) The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology. Name: 1117 1 Page 1 1) A small amount of DNA was taken from a fossil of a mammoth found frozen in glacial ice. Genetic technology can be used to produce a large quantity of identical DNA from this mammoth's

More information

2054, Chap. 14, page 1

2054, Chap. 14, page 1 2054, Chap. 14, page 1 I. Recombinant DNA technology (Chapter 14) A. recombinant DNA technology = collection of methods used to perform genetic engineering 1. genetic engineering = deliberate modification

More information

12/31/16. I. Manipulating DNA (9.1) A. Scientists use several techniques to manipulate DNA. 1. DNA is a very large molecule

12/31/16. I. Manipulating DNA (9.1) A. Scientists use several techniques to manipulate DNA. 1. DNA is a very large molecule I. Manipulating DNA (9.1) A. Scientists use several techniques to manipulate DNA 1. DNA is a very large molecule 3. Led to many biotechnology applications- genetic engineering, DNA fingerprinting, cloning,

More information

Exam 3 4/25/07. Total of 7 questions, 100 points.

Exam 3 4/25/07. Total of 7 questions, 100 points. Exam 3 4/25/07 BISC 4A P. Sengupta Total of 7 questions, 100 points. QUESTION 1. Circle the correct answer. Total of 40 points 4 points each. 1. Which of the following is typically attacked by the antibody-mediated

More information

Interest Grabber Notebook #1

Interest Grabber Notebook #1 Chapter 13 Interest Grabber Notebook #1 A New Breed The tomatoes in your salad and the dog in your backyard are a result of selective breeding. Over thousands of years, humans have developed breeds of

More information

Chapter 10 Genetic Engineering: A Revolution in Molecular Biology

Chapter 10 Genetic Engineering: A Revolution in Molecular Biology Chapter 10 Genetic Engineering: A Revolution in Molecular Biology Genetic Engineering Direct, deliberate modification of an organism s genome bioengineering Biotechnology use of an organism s biochemical

More information

DNA and Biotechnology Form of DNA Form of DNA Form of DNA Form of DNA Replication of DNA Replication of DNA

DNA and Biotechnology Form of DNA Form of DNA Form of DNA Form of DNA Replication of DNA Replication of DNA 21 DNA and Biotechnology DNA and Biotechnology OUTLINE: Replication of DNA Gene Expression Mutations Regulating Gene Activity Genetic Engineering Genomics DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Double-stranded molecule

More information

Biotechnology. Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 11 Illustrations 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., unless otherwise noted

Biotechnology. Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 11 Illustrations 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., unless otherwise noted Biotechnology Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 11 Illustrations 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., unless otherwise noted Biotechnology Any technical procedure used to isolate, analyze or manipulate genes

More information

Transgenic mice Authors: Megha Kaushik and Archana Rao

Transgenic mice Authors: Megha Kaushik and Archana Rao Transgenic mice Authors: Megha Kaushik and Archana Rao Introduction Transgenic is a word which is used to indicate an organism which has its genome altered. It is a synonym of genetically modified or recombinant

More information

Genetic Engineering. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO s)

Genetic Engineering. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO s) Genetic Engineering The manipulation of genetic material for practical purposes Involves the changing of DNA in an organism Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO s) An organism whose genetic make up has

More information

DNA REPLICATION & BIOTECHNOLOGY Biology Study Review

DNA REPLICATION & BIOTECHNOLOGY Biology Study Review DNA REPLICATION & BIOTECHNOLOGY Biology Study Review DNA DNA is found in, in the nucleus. It controls cellular activity by regulating the production of, which includes It is a very long molecule made up

More information

Name Class Date. a. identify similarities and

Name Class Date. a. identify similarities and Chapter 13 enetic Engineering Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Selective breeding produces a. more offspring.

More information

Cloning and Genetic Engineering

Cloning and Genetic Engineering Cloning and Genetic Engineering Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Biotechnology is the use of artificial methods to modify the genetic material of living organisms or cells to produce novel compounds or to perform

More information

Biology 105: Introduction to Genetics PRACTICE FINAL EXAM Part I: Definitions. Homology: Reverse transcriptase. Allostery: cdna library

Biology 105: Introduction to Genetics PRACTICE FINAL EXAM Part I: Definitions. Homology: Reverse transcriptase. Allostery: cdna library Biology 105: Introduction to Genetics PRACTICE FINAL EXAM 2006 Part I: Definitions Homology: Reverse transcriptase Allostery: cdna library Transformation Part II Short Answer 1. Describe the reasons for

More information

Recombinant DNA Technology. The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology. yeast. Biotechnology. Recombinant DNA technology.

Recombinant DNA Technology. The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology. yeast. Biotechnology. Recombinant DNA technology. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 8 Recombinant DNA Technology The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology Biotechnology?

More information

Advances in Genetics #101

Advances in Genetics #101 Questions: Five study Questions EQ1: What are 3 ways of producing organisms with desired traits? EQ2: What are 2 applications of DNA technology in human genetics? Like your fingerprints, your DNA is different

More information

Biology 4361 Developmental Biology Lecture 4. The Genetic Core of Development

Biology 4361 Developmental Biology Lecture 4. The Genetic Core of Development Biology 4361 Developmental Biology Lecture 4. The Genetic Core of Development The only way to get from genotype to phenotype is through developmental processes. - Remember the analogy that the zygote contains

More information

Chapter 20 Recombinant DNA Technology. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 20 Recombinant DNA Technology. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 20 Recombinant DNA Technology Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 20.1 Recombinant DNA Technology Began with Two Key Tools: Restriction Enzymes and DNA Cloning Vectors Recombinant DNA refers

More information

Name: Date: IF YOU GOT BELOW A 70% RETAKING THE TEST IS MANDATORY.

Name: Date: IF YOU GOT BELOW A 70% RETAKING THE TEST IS MANDATORY. IF YOU GOT BELOW A 70% RETAKING THE TEST IS MANDATORY. 1. What is a mutation? Any change in a DNA sequence 2. Name and describe the two categories types of gene mutations. Point: substitution, one nucleotide

More information

- What is Animal Biotechnology?

- What is Animal Biotechnology? Animal Biotechnology - What is Animal Biotechnology? - Animal biotechnology is the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing or production of materials by animals or aquatic

More information

Genetics Quiz Review

Genetics Quiz Review Name: Genetics Quiz Review 1. Selective breeding is a technique that is used to A) give all organisms a chance to reproduce B) produce organisms from extinct species C) produce offspring with certain desirable

More information

Chapter 4 DNA Structure & Gene Expression

Chapter 4 DNA Structure & Gene Expression Biology 12 Name: Cell Biology Per: Date: Chapter 4 DNA Structure & Gene Expression Complete using BC Biology 12, pages 108-153 4.1 DNA Structure pages 112-114 1. DNA stands for and is the genetic material

More information

Dr. Gary Mumaugh. DNA Technology

Dr. Gary Mumaugh. DNA Technology Dr. Gary Mumaugh DNA Technology Genetic Engineering Recombinant DNA Technology Times Recombinant DNA Production Recombinant DNA Applications Recombinant DNA Usages Recombinant DNA Social Considerations

More information

Page 70 Monday December 8, 2014

Page 70 Monday December 8, 2014 replication and Monday December 8, 0 Notebook check 8: Page 69, DNA Technology Introduction Worksheet. The process by which a foreign gene is replicated by insertion into a bacterium is called genetic

More information

The process of new DNA to another organism. The goal is to add one or more that are not already found in that organism.

The process of new DNA to another organism. The goal is to add one or more that are not already found in that organism. Genetic Engineering Notes The process of new DNA to another organism. The goal is to add one or more that are not already found in that organism. Selective Breeding Carefully choosing which plants and

More information

Chapter 8 Healthcare Biotechnology

Chapter 8 Healthcare Biotechnology Chapter 8 Healthcare Biotechnology Outline: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Biopharming 8.3 Models of Human Disease 8.4 Detecting and Diagnosing Human Disease 8.5 Monoclonal Antibodies 8.6 Gene Therapy 8.7 Tissue

More information

GENOME 371, Problem Set 6

GENOME 371, Problem Set 6 GENOME 371, Problem Set 6 1. S. pombe is a distant relative of baker s yeast (which you used in quiz section). Wild type S. pombe can grow on plates lacking tryptophan (-trp plates). A mutant has been

More information

2 Gene Technologies in Our Lives

2 Gene Technologies in Our Lives CHAPTER 15 2 Gene Technologies in Our Lives SECTION Gene Technologies and Human Applications KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: For what purposes are genes and proteins manipulated?

More information

genetic engineering 2. Hybrids are often hardier tha~ either of their parents.

genetic engineering 2. Hybrids are often hardier tha~ either of their parents. Class: Date: ID: A genetic engineering Modified TrueLFalse Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. -- 1. Without selective breeding: dogs today would probably be less similar. 2. Hybrids

More information

Stem Cel s Key Words:

Stem Cel s Key Words: Stem Cells Key Words: Embryonic stem cells, Adult stem cells, ips cells, self-renewal, differentiation, pluripotent, multipotent, Inner cell mass, Nuclear transfer (Therapeutic cloning), Feeder cells,

More information

UNIT III: Genetics Chapter 9 Frontiers of Biotechnology

UNIT III: Genetics Chapter 9 Frontiers of Biotechnology UNIT III: Genetics Chapter 9 Frontiers of Biotechnology I. Manipulating DNA (9.1) A. Scientists use several techniques to manipulate DNA 1. DNA is a very large molecule 2. Still to small to see or work

More information

Genetic Technologies.notebook March 05, Genetic Technologies

Genetic Technologies.notebook March 05, Genetic Technologies Genetic Testing Genetic Technologies Tests can be used to diagnose disorders and/or identify those individuals with an increased risk of inheriting a disorder. Prenatal Screening A fetus may be screened

More information

Gene Expression. Chapters 11 & 12: Gene Conrtrol and DNA Technology. Cloning. Honors Biology Fig

Gene Expression. Chapters 11 & 12: Gene Conrtrol and DNA Technology. Cloning. Honors Biology Fig Chapters & : Conrtrol and Technology Honors Biology 0 Cloning Produced by asexual reproduction and so it is genetically identical to the parent st large cloned mammal: Dolly the sheep Animals that are

More information

Chapter 5 Genetic Analysis in Cell Biology. (textbook: Molecular Cell Biology 6 ed, Lodish section: )

Chapter 5 Genetic Analysis in Cell Biology. (textbook: Molecular Cell Biology 6 ed, Lodish section: ) Chapter 5 Genetic Analysis in Cell Biology (textbook: Molecular Cell Biology 6 ed, Lodish section: 5.1+5.4-5.5) Understanding gene function: relating function, location, and structure of gene products

More information

4/26/2015. Cut DNA either: Cut DNA either:

4/26/2015. Cut DNA either: Cut DNA either: Ch.20 Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences (restriction sites) resulting in segments of DNA (restriction fragments) Typically 4-8 bp in length & often palindromic Isolated from bacteria (Hundreds

More information

Chapter 11. How Genes Are Controlled. Lectures by Edward J. Zalisko

Chapter 11. How Genes Are Controlled. Lectures by Edward J. Zalisko Chapter 11 How Genes Are Controlled PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fifth Edition, and Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fourth Edition Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, and

More information

(i) A trp1 mutant cell took up a plasmid containing the wild type TRP1 gene, which allowed that cell to multiply and form a colony

(i) A trp1 mutant cell took up a plasmid containing the wild type TRP1 gene, which allowed that cell to multiply and form a colony 1. S. pombe is a distant relative of baker s yeast (which you used in quiz section). Wild type S. pombe can grow on plates lacking tryptophan (-trp plates). A mutant has been isolated that cannot grow

More information

Molecular Cloning. Restriction Enzymes and Ligases

Molecular Cloning. Restriction Enzymes and Ligases Tools in Genetic engineering The science of using living systems to benefit humankind is called biotechnology. Technically speaking, the domestication of plants and animals through farming and breeding

More information

Lecture 3 (FW) January 28, 2009 Cloning of DNA; PCR amplification Reading assignment: Cloning, ; ; 330 PCR, ; 329.

Lecture 3 (FW) January 28, 2009 Cloning of DNA; PCR amplification Reading assignment: Cloning, ; ; 330 PCR, ; 329. Lecture 3 (FW) January 28, 2009 Cloning of DNA; PCR amplification Reading assignment: Cloning, 240-245; 286-87; 330 PCR, 270-274; 329. Take Home Lesson(s) from Lecture 2: 1. DNA is a double helix of complementary

More information

It s All in the Hands Genetic Engineering

It s All in the Hands Genetic Engineering It s All in the Hands Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering is the technique of modifying the genome of an organism by using recombinant DNA technology. Recombinant DNA (rdna) technology

More information

Bart Williams, PhD Van Andel Research Center

Bart Williams, PhD Van Andel Research Center A History of Genome Editing in the Laboratory Implications for Translational Applications Bart Williams, PhD Van Andel Research Center Introduction by Matthew Denenberg, MD DeVos Childrens Hospital Disclosures:

More information

Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10

Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10 Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10 Biology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following has the disadvantage of possibly bringing

More information

Concept 13.1 Recombinant DNA Can Be Made in the Laboratory

Concept 13.1 Recombinant DNA Can Be Made in the Laboratory 13 Biotechnology Concept 13.1 Recombinant DNA Can Be Made in the Laboratory It is possible to modify organisms with genes from other, distantly related organisms. Recombinant DNA is a DNA molecule made

More information

Biotechnology. DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks. DNA Sequencing. Genetic Engineering. Gene Therapy

Biotechnology. DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks. DNA Sequencing. Genetic Engineering. Gene Therapy Biotechnology DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks DNA Sequencing Genetic Engineering Gene Therapy What is DNA Cloning? Set of methods that uses live cells to make many identical copies of a DNA fragment

More information

Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Here s one thing genetic engineers do: Techniques for gene cloning enable scientists to prepare multiple identical copies of gene-sized pieces of DNA. Cloning means to make copies, in this case, copies

More information

What is Biotechnology? 15.1 What is Biotechnology? Transgenic Biotechnology Transgenic Biotechnology. Biotechnology. Transgenic organism

What is Biotechnology? 15.1 What is Biotechnology? Transgenic Biotechnology Transgenic Biotechnology. Biotechnology. Transgenic organism What is Biotechnology? 15.1 What is Biotechnology? Biotechnology the use of technology to control biological processes as a means of meeting societal needs Gene therapy Genetic engineering Bioremediation

More information

Chapter 9 Genetic Engineering

Chapter 9 Genetic Engineering Chapter 9 Genetic Engineering Biotechnology: use of microbes to make a protein product Recombinant DNA Technology: Insertion or modification of genes to produce desired proteins Genetic engineering: manipulation

More information

Genetics and Biotechnology 13.2 DNA Technology

Genetics and Biotechnology 13.2 DNA Technology Biotechnology Genetic Engineering Technology that involves manipulating the DNA of one organism in order to insert the DNA of another organism An electric current is used to separate DNA fragments according

More information

Human Genome Project

Human Genome Project Human Genome Project How they did it DNA from 5 humans 2 males, 3 females 2 caucasians, one each of asian, african, hispanic Cut up DNA with restriction enzymes Ligated into BACs & YACs, then grew them

More information

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.20 - BIOTECHNOLOGY.

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.20 - BIOTECHNOLOGY. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: DNA CLONING DNA cloning is a technique that inserts a foreign gene into a living host to replicate the gene and produce gene products. Transformation the process by which

More information

c) Assuming he does not run another endurance race, will the steady-state populations be affected one year later? If so, explain how.

c) Assuming he does not run another endurance race, will the steady-state populations be affected one year later? If so, explain how. LS1a Fall 06 Problem Set #8 (100 points total) all questions including the (*extra*) one should be turned in 1. (18 points) Erythrocytes, mature red blood cells, are essential for transporting oxygen to

More information

Use of Gene Editing Technologies in Rodents. Carlisle P. Landel, Ph.D.

Use of Gene Editing Technologies in Rodents. Carlisle P. Landel, Ph.D. Use of Gene Editing Technologies in Rodents Carlisle P. Landel, Ph.D. The Mouse as A Model Mammal Small, easy to maintain, fecund Well understood genetics Similarity to humans >90% Availability of inbred

More information

TRANSGENIC ANIMALS. transient. stable. - Two methods to produce transgenic animals:

TRANSGENIC ANIMALS. transient. stable. - Two methods to produce transgenic animals: Only for teaching purposes - not for reproduction or sale CELL TRANSFECTION transient stable TRANSGENIC ANIMALS - Two methods to produce transgenic animals: 1- DNA microinjection 2- embryonic stem cell-mediated

More information

BACTERIAL GENETICS. How does the DNA in the bacterial cell replicate

BACTERIAL GENETICS. How does the DNA in the bacterial cell replicate BACTERIAL GENETICS Bacterial genetics is the study of gene structure and function in bacteria. Genetics itself is concerned with determining the number, location, and character of the genes of an organism.

More information

-Is the process of manipulating genes and genomes

-Is the process of manipulating genes and genomes Genetic Engineering -Is the process of manipulating genes and genomes Biotechnology -Is the process of manipulating organisms or their components for the purpose of making useful products Restriction Enzymes

More information

CLASSIC BREEDING. Artificially select on already-present variation in the trait of interest

CLASSIC BREEDING. Artificially select on already-present variation in the trait of interest CLASSIC BREEDING Artificially select on already-present variation in the trait of interest TRUNCATED SELECTION NO BREED BREED f TRAIT VALUE A FACT Molecular biology provides: a means of combining genetic

More information

KEY Reproductive cloning Therapeutic cloning

KEY Reproductive cloning Therapeutic cloning 1. (20 pts) Define Reproductive and Therapeutic cloning. Make sure your descriptions clearly distinguish the critical differences between them. Describe an example of each. Reproductive cloning refers

More information

UNIT 3: GENETICS Chapter 9: Frontiers of Biotechnology

UNIT 3: GENETICS Chapter 9: Frontiers of Biotechnology CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned

More information

CBA #4 Practice Exam Genetics. 1) (TEKS 5A) Which of the diagrams below shows the process of transcription:

CBA #4 Practice Exam Genetics. 1) (TEKS 5A) Which of the diagrams below shows the process of transcription: CBA #4 Practice Exam Genetics 1) (TEKS 5A) Which of the diagrams below shows the process of transcription: 2) (TEKS 5C) All of the following are true statements about cell differentiation EXCEPT A. Cell

More information

Chapter 20 DNA Technology & Genomics. If we can, should we?

Chapter 20 DNA Technology & Genomics. If we can, should we? Chapter 20 DNA Technology & Genomics If we can, should we? Biotechnology Genetic manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products Humans have been doing this for 1,000s of years plant

More information

Prof. Fahd M. Nasr. Faculty of Sciences Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon.

Prof. Fahd M. Nasr. Faculty of Sciences Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon. Prof. Fahd M. Nasr Faculty of Sciences Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon https://yeastwonderfulworld.wordpress.com/ Biol328 - B3212 Molecular Biotechnology Partial Exam Question I Explain the procedure

More information

Explain why the scientists used the same restriction endonuclease enzymes on each DNA sample

Explain why the scientists used the same restriction endonuclease enzymes on each DNA sample Q1.Some populations of flies are becoming resistant to insecticides intended to kill them. Scientists developed a method for finding out whether a fly was carrying a recessive allele, r, that gives resistance

More information

Genetics and Biotechnology. Section 1. Applied Genetics

Genetics and Biotechnology. Section 1. Applied Genetics Section 1 Applied Genetics Selective Breeding! The process by which desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations is called selective breeding. Section

More information

Which of the following comes closest to your view? no genetic engineering whatsoever should be performed on humans.

Which of the following comes closest to your view? no genetic engineering whatsoever should be performed on humans. Which of the following comes closest to your view? GREEN: BLUE: RED: YELLOW: no genetic engineering whatsoever should be performed on humans. gene therapy is OK, but nothing else. I m OK with gene therapy

More information

Learning Objectives. 2. Restriction Endonucleases 3. Cloning 4. Genetic Engineering 5. DNA libraries 6. PCR 7. DNA Fingerprinting

Learning Objectives. 2. Restriction Endonucleases 3. Cloning 4. Genetic Engineering 5. DNA libraries 6. PCR 7. DNA Fingerprinting Fig. 13-CO, p.330 Learning Objectives 1. Purification & detection of nucleic acids. 2. Restriction Endonucleases 3. Cloning 4. Genetic Engineering 5. DNA libraries 6. PCR 7. DNA Fingerprinting Gel Electrophoresis

More information

Define selective breeding. Define pure breeding. Define domestication relative to the examples above.

Define selective breeding. Define pure breeding. Define domestication relative to the examples above. Define selective breeding. Define pure breeding. Define domestication relative to the examples above. Selective Breeding Selective Breeding Induced nondisjunction Define hybridization. Explain how hybridization

More information

Regulation of metabolic pathways

Regulation of metabolic pathways Regulation of metabolic pathways Bacterial control of gene expression Operon: cluster of related genes with on/off switch Three Parts: 1. Promoter where RNA polymerase attaches 2. Operator on/off, controls

More information

Fig. 5.1(a) and Fig. 5.1(b), on page 3 of the insert, show some changes that take place in the fermenter over the first 6 days.

Fig. 5.1(a) and Fig. 5.1(b), on page 3 of the insert, show some changes that take place in the fermenter over the first 6 days. 1 A batch fermenter is used during the production of beer. Fig. 5.1(a) and Fig. 5.1(b), on page 3 of the insert, show some changes that take place in the fermenter over the first 6 days. (a) (i) Describe

More information

NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech )

NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech ) NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech ) Vocabulary Genetic Engineering Gene Recombinant DNA Transgenic Restriction Enzymes Vectors Plasmids Cloning Key Concepts What is genetic engineering?

More information

Why do we care about homologous recombination?

Why do we care about homologous recombination? Why do we care about homologous recombination? Universal biological mechanism Bacteria can pick up new genes Biotechnology Gene knockouts in mice via homologous recombination 1 DNA of interest in mouse

More information