Zahirul Talukder 1, Yunming Long 1, Thomas Gulya 2, Charles Block 3, Gerald Seiler 2, Lili Qi 2. Department of Plant Sciences, NDSU

Transcription

1 Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance in sunflower: Introgression of resistance from wild annual species and QTL mapping of resistance in cultivated sunflower Zahirul Talukder 1, Yunming Long 1, Thomas Gulya 2, Charles Block 3, Gerald Seiler 2, Lili Qi 2 1 Department of Plant Sciences, NDSU 2 USDA-ARS Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 3 USDA-ARS, Plant Introduction Station, Ames, IA

2 INTRODUCTION Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes two serious diseases in sunflower Stalk rot, incited by root infection (unique to sunflower) Head rot, caused by airborne ascospores

3 INTRODUCTION CONT.

4 GOAL OF THE PROJECT Overall objective To improve Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance in the cultivated sunflower

5 Introgression of Sclerotinia resistance from wild species NMS HA 89 HA 458 F 1 HA 89 BC 1 BC 2 F 1 H. petiolaris, H. argophyllus, H. debilis, and H. praecox The individuals in each generation were screened for resistance in the greenhouse BC 2 F Resistant BC 2 F 3 families Selected BC 2 F 4 families with higher levels of resistance Confirm resistance of BC 2 F 5 lines Families or lines were evaluated for resistance in greenhouse and/or field trials

6 Table 1. Evaluation of the13 most resistant BC 2 F 3 families and derived BC 2 F 4 lines for Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance in the field from 2012 to 2014 Resistance donor H. petiolaris ssp. fallax PI H. argophyllus PI H. praecox ssp. runyonii PI Susceptible checks Resistant checks Disease incidence (%) Pedigree BC 2 F 3 Pedigree BC 2 F 4 BC 2 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Cargrill HA Croplan HA

7 Mean performance of 23 BC 2 F 4 families for Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance in two locations of North Dakota during H. argophyllus introgressed line H. praecox introgressed line H. petiolaris introgressed line Resistant check Susceptible check F F F F F F F F F F F Croplan305 HA441 HA89 Car270 Disease Incidence (%)

8 QTL mapping of Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance in sunflower Mapping population 106 F 7 -derived RILs developed through Single Seed Descent method from a cross between HA 441 (a maintainer line) and RHA 439 (a restorer line) Table 2. Stalk rot evaluation of HA 441 and RHA 439 Materials 2009 Field 2011 Greenhouse 2013 Field 2014 Field No. of replicas Disease incidence (%) No. of replicas Disease incidence (%) No. of replicas Disease incidence (%) No. of replicas Disease incidence (%) HA 89 (S-check) CAR 270 (S-check) Croplan 305 (R-check) HA 441 (Parent) RHA 439 (Parent)

9 Stalk rot evaluation Environments: 2012: Carrington, ND and Crookston, MN 2013: Crookston, MN 2014: Carrington, ND and Grandin, ND Field design: Randomized complete block design Two replications each for 2012 and 2013 field trials Four replications each for 2014 field trials Field inoculation: S. sclerotiorum mycelia grown on millet and deposited in furrows next to the rows of sunflower lines (Gulya et al. 2008) Disease incidence (DI) scoring: Percent of plants showing wilting and/or basal stem rot lesion

10 Phenotypic data analysis Analysis was performed across all five environments using PROC MIXED of SAS version 9.3. All factors were treated as random effects except environment Table 3. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of stalk rot disease incidence (DI) for HA441/RHA 439 population evaluated in five environments Component df Variance estimate Confidence limit (0.05) F/Z value lower upper Pr > F/Z Env <.0001 Rep (Env) 9 σ 2 r = Genotype 107 σ 2 g = <.0001 Genotype x Env 428 σ 2 ge = <.0001 Error 963 σ 2 e = <.0001

11 Phenotypic frequency distributions of stalk rot disease incidence (DI) for HA441/RHA 439 population evaluated in five environments Number of RILs Carrington 2012 RHA 439 HA Crookston 2012 HA 441 RHA Crookston 2013 HA 441 RHA Number of RILs RHA 439 HA 441 Carrington RHA 439 HA 441 Grandin All locations mean RHA 439 HA Disease incidence (%) Disease incidence (%) Disease incidence (%)

12 Carrington2012 Correlations between stalk rot DI scores among different screening locations evaluated for HA 441/RHA 439 population r = 0.30 ** Crookston r = 0.55 *** r = 0.47 *** Crookston r = 0.49 *** r = 0.30 ** r = 0.51 *** Carrington r = 0.53 *** r = 0.49 *** r = 0.67 *** r = 0.59 *** Grandin r = 0.76 *** r = 0.63 *** r = 0.84 *** r = 0.73 *** r = 0.88 *** Mean

13 Genotyping of RILs Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) technology was used for simultaneous discovery and genotyping of large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers GBS was conducted at the Genomic Diversity facility of Cornell University GBS was performed simultaneously using 106 RILs, 140 F 2 progenies, 32 advance breeding lines and six parents of the respective populations A total of 21,059 SNP markers were generated from the GBS protocol

14 Distribution of SNP markers generated by GBS technology for HA 441/RHA 439 RIL population Both parents missing 155 One parent missing 2409 Both parents heterozygous 1845 One parent heterozygous 3345 Polymorphic markers 1461 Monomorphic markers Number of Markers

15 FUTURE PLAN Complete linkage map construction and QTL mapping in HA 441/RHA 439 population Field evaluation of stalk rot resistance and QTL mapping in a AB-RIL population derived from a cross of HA 89 and H. argophyllus Genotype stalk rot resistant introgression lines by GBS and identify introgressed wild segments associated with stalk rot resistance

16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Prof. Kevin McPhee Michelle Gilley Angelia Hogness Dr. Nikolay Balbyshev Megan Ramsett Christopher Misar National Sclerotinia Initiative for financial support