Value Correct Answer Feedback. Student Response. A. Dicer enzyme. complex. C. the Dicer-RISC complex D. none of the above

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Value Correct Answer Feedback. Student Response. A. Dicer enzyme. complex. C. the Dicer-RISC complex D. none of the above"

Transcription

1 1 RNA mediated interference is a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism Which component of the RNAi pathway have been implicated in cleavage of the target mrna? A Dicer enzyme B the RISC-siRNA complex C the Dicer-RISC complex D none of the above E all of the above 0% 2 XIST is a gene product that affects gene expression off the presumptive inactive X by what mechanism? A It coats the X chromosome and then promotes the formation of heterochromatin B it is a non-coding RNA that induces the formation of the Barr Body which is the inactive X in female cells C it will eventually cause changes in the acetylation levels of histone

2 tails on the inactive X so that they become hyperacetylated D a and b E a, b and c 0% 3 The MAT locus allows yeast to switch mating type through a very complex mechanism However, it has informed us a great deal about what aspects of gene expression typical to all organisms? A higher order changes in chromatin affect transcriptional efficiency B that general transcription factors must first bind directly to histone tails and only then can they interact with their cognate binding sites C that multiple proteins are involved in this silencing mechanism D a and b E a and c 100% Score: 1/1

3 4 Which of these aspects of microarray analysis is not true? A Analysis of genes expressed in similar patterns has helped to understand how genes are related based on their expression pattern B microarrays allow researchers to group genes according to how they respond to various environmental stimuli C Microarrays accurately measure the half life and the abundance of each mrna in the sample D microarrays represent an effective means of examining gene expression of all genes at a given time or under a specific condition 0% E none of the above are false

4 5 Targeting constructs or disruption constructs require significant knowledge of the sequence of the target genewhy? A The selectable marker needs these sequences to correctly express the protein B The flanking sequence around the gene will enhance the expression of an antibiotic resistance gene C DNA sequence flanking the target gene must be incorporated into the targeting construct to facilitate accurate recombination at the desired target site 100% D a and b E a, b and c Score: 1/1 6 You have isolated and identified two proteins from a nuclear extract To see if the two proteins might interact together you decided to use a yeast two-hybrid analysis To do this you have constructed a bait and a prey vector When you introduce the bait construct (alone) into a yeast strain that cannot grow on medium lacking histidine unless transcription

5 of the HIS reporter/selectable marker gene is activated, you find that the yeast grows fine (on medium lacking histidine) What might this observation tell you about the function of your protein that you introduced into the bait vector? A That the protein used in the bait construct may activate transcription if brought to a promoter and might therefore be a transcriptional activator B Sequence and structural relationships that indicate how genes arose/evolved ie gene duplication C Your bait protein can interact with your prey protein since the system is based on the modular nature of transcription factors D That the DNA binding specificity of your protein is very non-specific 0% E That your prey protein does not interact with the bait protein

6 7 Based on the observation in Q6, the yeast two-hybrid system would not be a useful means to test whether these two proteins interact- why not? A Because you already know the function of the protein in the bait construct B The activity of the yeast strain seems far too nonspecific so it would be best to simply change the yeast strain C The ability of your bait protein to interact with the DNA is too strong and it outcompetes the GAL-4 DNA binding domain 0% D The protein in the bait construct autoactivates transcription of the reporter/marker and therefore its ability to interact with the prey cannot be determined based on activating the transcription of

7 HIS reporter/selectable marker gene E It will work-why forget about it? 8 Which of the following is an example of reverse genetic analysis? A RNAi B gene disruption in yeast C gene targeting in mice D a and b only E a, b and c 100% Score: 1/1 9 The RNAi and the microrna (mirna) pathways share many components and characteristics What unique feature distinguishes the microrna pathway from RNAi? A only the RNAi pathway is initiated by dsrna molecules B the mirna pathway does not require Dicer

8 C the mirna pathway does not require RISC D mirnas have 100% complementarity with their mrna targets to block translation 0% E none of the above 1 0 What key mammalian protein that is part of a multiprotein complex is required to recognize epigenetic changes (methylation of CpG islands in the DNA) and initiate changes in the chromatin to silence gene expression in the region A msin3 B Rpd3 0% C RAP1 D Sir2 E Sir3

9 1 Quiz 6 Q RNA mediated interference is a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism, but components of the RNAi pathway have been implicated in affecting gene expression at the transcriptional level as well How can it affect transcription of genes? A antisense RNAs bind to the transcripts being expressed from this region and initiate the RNAi process B Dicer-mediated cleavage products feed back onto the DNA to change chromatin configuration C when bound to a chromosomal region dsrnas somehow recruit methyltransferases to modify histone tails in their proximity D a and b E b and c 100% Score: 1/1 2 Quiz 6 Q Xist is a gene product that affects gene expression off the presumptive inactive X by what mechanism? A It coats the X chromosome in

10 cis (from which it is transcribed) and then promotes the formation of heterochromatin B it is a noncoding RNA that induces the formation of the Barr Body which corresponds to the inactive X in female cells C it will eventually cause changes in the acetylation levels of histone tails on the inactive X so that they become hypoacetylated D a and b only 0% E a, b and c 3 Quiz 6 Q The MAT locus allows yeast to switch mating type through a very complex mechanism However, it has informed us a great deal about what aspects of gene expression typical to all organisms? A higher order changes in chromatin

11 affect transcriptional efficiency B that general transcription factors must first bind directly to histone tails and only then can they interact with their cognate binding sites C that proteins involved in this mechanism also silence telomeric regions D a and b only 0% E a and c 4 Quiz 6 Q What aspect of microarray analysis is not true? A The levels of the mrnas are quantitative and indicate precisely how many moles of a given mrna are present in the sample B microarrays allow 100%

12 researchers to group genes according to how they respond to various environmental stimuli C Cluster analysis has helped to understand how genes are related based on their expression pattern D microarrays represent an effective means of examining gene expression of all genes at a given time or under a specific condition E none of the above are false Score: 1/1 5 Quiz 6 Q Targeting constructs or disruption constructs require significant knowledge of the sequence of the target genewhy? A DNA sequence flanking the 100%

13 target gene must be incorporated into the targeting construct to facilitate accurate recombination at the desired target site B The flanking sequence around the gene will enhance the expression of an antibiotic resistance gene C The selectable marker needs these sequences to correctly express the protein D a and b only E a, b and c Score: 1/1 6 Quiz 6 Q Some people think that it is useless to look at any other genome now that the human genome is fully sequenced What information could be gained by comparing the human genome with other genomes of closely and/or distantly related species? A Syntenic relationships that might 0%

14 reflect conserved regulatory mechanisms B Sequence and structural relationships that indicate how genes arose/evolved ie gene duplication C Non-conserved nucleotide sequence probably indicates regions that are under high selective pressure to change D a and b only E a, b and c 7 Quiz 6 Q Name an important limitation in the use of yeast two hybrid analysis to examine protein:protein interactions

15 A strains containing baits that autoactivate cannot be used, therefore excluding most transcriptional activators 100% B Yeast does not normally express all the proteins that investigators might be interested in C lacz or His reporter genes that are introduced into yeast can independently confer growth on selective media D the DNA binding sites of your protein of interest are not necessarily conserved in the yeast genome E c and d only Score: 1/1 8 Quiz 6 Q What evidence suggests that components of the RNAi pathway are involved in silencing centromeric DNA?

16 A dsrna have been identified that correspond to the sequences in the centromeric DNA sequence B Dicer is required to maintain the silencing of this region C RISC components are involved in silencing the centromeric DNA D a and b only E a, b and c 100% Score: 1/1 9 Quiz 6 Q The RNAi and the microrna (mirna) pathways share many components and characteristics What feature(s) typical of the microrna pathway distinguish(es) it from RNAi? A only the RNAi pathway is initiated by dsrna molecules B the mirna pathway does

17 not require Dicer C the mirna pathway does not require RISC D mirnas have imperfect complementarity with their mrna targets which results in translational inhibition E none of the above Score: 1/1 100% 1 0 Quiz 6 Q During the generation of knock-out mice a gene is targeted through the use of homologous recombination How can you ensure that your targeting construct did not simply integrate randomly anywhere in the genome? A the dominant selectable marker (usually neomycin resistance) will ensure that this event was specific B two rounds of drug selection; first to select for all integrants followed by

18 negative selection using a drug that selects against a gene outside the homologous region (tk) C because the ES cells that you used possess a brown coat colour gene D a and b E a, b and c 0%

Epigenetics. Medical studies in English, Lecture # 12,

Epigenetics. Medical studies in English, Lecture # 12, Epigenetics Medical studies in English, 2018. Lecture # 12, Epigenetics Regulation of gene activity in eukaryotes Correlation of chromatin structure with transcription stably heritable phenotype resulting

More information

Regulation of Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 15 Regulation of Gene Expression Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION

More information

AP Biology Gene Expression/Biotechnology REVIEW

AP Biology Gene Expression/Biotechnology REVIEW AP Biology Gene Expression/Biotechnology REVIEW Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Gene expression can be a. regulated before transcription.

More information

Concepts and Methods in Developmental Biology

Concepts and Methods in Developmental Biology Biology 4361 Developmental Biology Concepts and Methods in Developmental Biology June 16, 2009 Conceptual and Methodological Tools Concepts Genomic equivalence Differential gene expression Differentiation/de-differentiation

More information

CHAPTER 13 LECTURE SLIDES

CHAPTER 13 LECTURE SLIDES CHAPTER 13 LECTURE SLIDES Prepared by Brenda Leady University of Toledo To run the animations you must be in Slideshow View. Use the buttons on the animation to play, pause, and turn audio/text on or off.

More information

Differential Gene Expression

Differential Gene Expression Biology 4361 Developmental Biology Differential Gene Expression September 28, 2006 Chromatin Structure ~140 bp ~60 bp Transcriptional Regulation: 1. Packing prevents access CH 3 2. Acetylation ( C O )

More information

Differential Gene Expression

Differential Gene Expression Biology 4361 - Developmental Biology Differential Gene Expression June 18, 2009 Differential Gene Expression Overview Chromatin structure Gene anatomy RNA processing and protein production Initiating transcription:

More information

EUKARYOTIC GENE CONTROL

EUKARYOTIC GENE CONTROL EUKARYOTIC GENE CONTROL THE BIG QUESTIONS How are genes turned on and off? How do cells with the same DNA/ genes differentiate to perform completely different and specialized functions? GENE EXPRESSION

More information

What is Epigenetics? Watch the video

What is Epigenetics? Watch the video EPIGENETICS What is Epigenetics? The study of environmental factors on gene expression in DNA. The molecule is called methylation controls when genes are turned on. Methylation turns off genes. Acetylation

More information

Introducing new DNA into the genome requires cloning the donor sequence, delivery of the cloned DNA into the cell, and integration into the genome.

Introducing new DNA into the genome requires cloning the donor sequence, delivery of the cloned DNA into the cell, and integration into the genome. Key Terms Chapter 32: Genetic Engineering Cloning describes propagation of a DNA sequence by incorporating it into a hybrid construct that can be replicated in a host cell. A cloning vector is a plasmid

More information

CHAPTERS , 17: Eukaryotic Genetics

CHAPTERS , 17: Eukaryotic Genetics CHAPTERS 14.1 14.6, 17: Eukaryotic Genetics 1. Review the levels of DNA packing within the eukaryote nucleus. Label each level. (A similar diagram is on pg 188 of your textbook.) 2. How do the coding regions

More information

Division Ave. High School AP Biology

Division Ave. High School AP Biology Control of Eukaryotic Genes 2007-2008 The BIG Questions n How are genes turned on & off in eukaryotes? n How do cells with the same genes differentiate to perform completely different, specialized functions?

More information

BIOLOGY. Chapter 16 GenesExpression

BIOLOGY. Chapter 16 GenesExpression BIOLOGY Chapter 16 GenesExpression CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 18 Gene Expression 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.1 Differential Gene Expression results

More information

Chapter 18: Regulation of Gene Expression. 1. Gene Regulation in Bacteria 2. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes 3. Gene Regulation & Cancer

Chapter 18: Regulation of Gene Expression. 1. Gene Regulation in Bacteria 2. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes 3. Gene Regulation & Cancer Chapter 18: Regulation of Gene Expression 1. Gene Regulation in Bacteria 2. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes 3. Gene Regulation & Cancer Gene Regulation Gene regulation refers to all aspects of controlling

More information

Genetics Biology 331 Exam 3B Spring 2015

Genetics Biology 331 Exam 3B Spring 2015 Genetics Biology 331 Exam 3B Spring 2015 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) DNA methylation may be a significant mode of genetic regulation

More information

Gene Expression and Heritable Phenotype. CBS520 Eric Nabity

Gene Expression and Heritable Phenotype. CBS520 Eric Nabity Gene Expression and Heritable Phenotype CBS520 Eric Nabity DNA is Just the Beginning DNA was determined to be the genetic material, and the structure was identified as a (double stranded) double helix.

More information

Regulation of Gene WORKING WITH THE FIGURES

Regulation of Gene WORKING WITH THE FIGURES 12 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes WORKING WITH THE FIGURES 1. In Figure 12-4, certain mutations decrease the relative transcription rate of the b-globin gene. Where are these mutations located,

More information

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes. Dr. Syahril Abdullah Medical Genetics Laboratory

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes. Dr. Syahril Abdullah Medical Genetics Laboratory Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes Dr. Syahril Abdullah Medical Genetics Laboratory syahril@medic.upm.edu.my Lecture Outline 1. The Genome 2. Overview of Gene Control 3. Cellular Differentiation in Higher Eukaryotes

More information

Differential Gene Expression

Differential Gene Expression Biology 4361 Developmental Biology Differential Gene Expression June 19, 2008 Differential Gene Expression Overview Chromatin structure Gene anatomy RNA processing and protein production Initiating transcription:

More information

Lecture 21: Epigenetics Nurture or Nature? Chromatin DNA methylation Histone Code Twin study X-chromosome inactivation Environemnt and epigenetics

Lecture 21: Epigenetics Nurture or Nature? Chromatin DNA methylation Histone Code Twin study X-chromosome inactivation Environemnt and epigenetics Lecture 21: Epigenetics Nurture or Nature? Chromatin DNA methylation Histone Code Twin study X-chromosome inactivation Environemnt and epigenetics Epigenetics represents the science for the studying heritable

More information

Learning Objectives. Define RNA interference. Define basic terminology. Describe molecular mechanism. Define VSP and relevance

Learning Objectives. Define RNA interference. Define basic terminology. Describe molecular mechanism. Define VSP and relevance Learning Objectives Define RNA interference Define basic terminology Describe molecular mechanism Define VSP and relevance Describe role of RNAi in antigenic variation A Nobel Way to Regulate Gene Expression

More information

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes 12 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes WORKING WITH THE FIGURES 1. In Figure 12-4, certain mutations decrease the relative transcription rate of the -globin gene. Where are these mutations located,

More information

Gene Expression: Transcription

Gene Expression: Transcription Gene Expression: Transcription The majority of genes are expressed as the proteins they encode. The process occurs in two steps: Transcription = DNA RNA Translation = RNA protein Taken together, they make

More information

Name Class Date. Practice Test

Name Class Date. Practice Test Name Class Date 12 DNA Practice Test Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. What do bacteriophages infect? a. mice. c. viruses.

More information

Genetics - Problem Drill 19: Dissection of Gene Function: Mutational Analysis of Model Organisms

Genetics - Problem Drill 19: Dissection of Gene Function: Mutational Analysis of Model Organisms Genetics - Problem Drill 19: Dissection of Gene Function: Mutational Analysis of Model Organisms No. 1 of 10 1. The mouse gene knockout is based on. (A) Homologous recombination (B) Site-specific recombination

More information

sirna Overview and Technical Tips

sirna Overview and Technical Tips 1 sirna Overview and Technical Tips 2 CONTENTS 3 4 5 7 8 10 11 13 14 18 19 20 21 Introduction Applications How Does It Work? Handy Tips Troubleshooting Conclusions Further References Contact Us 3 INTRODUCTION

More information

Wednesday, November 22, 17. Exons and Introns

Wednesday, November 22, 17. Exons and Introns Exons and Introns Introns and Exons Exons: coded regions of DNA that get transcribed and translated into proteins make up 5% of the genome Introns and Exons Introns: non-coded regions of DNA Must be removed

More information

Biology 201 (Genetics) Exam #3 120 points 20 November Read the question carefully before answering. Think before you write.

Biology 201 (Genetics) Exam #3 120 points 20 November Read the question carefully before answering. Think before you write. Name KEY Section Biology 201 (Genetics) Exam #3 120 points 20 November 2006 Read the question carefully before answering. Think before you write. You will have up to 50 minutes to take this exam. After

More information

Chapter 13. The Nucleus. The nucleus is the hallmark of eukaryotic cells; the very term eukaryotic means having a "true nucleus".

Chapter 13. The Nucleus. The nucleus is the hallmark of eukaryotic cells; the very term eukaryotic means having a true nucleus. Chapter 13 The Nucleus The nucleus is the hallmark of eukaryotic cells; the very term eukaryotic means having a "true nucleus". Fig.13.1. The EM of the Nucleus of a Eukaryotic Cell 13.1. The Nuclear Envelope

More information

Chapter 11: Regulation of Gene Expression

Chapter 11: Regulation of Gene Expression Chapter Review 1. It has long been known that there is probably a genetic link for alcoholism. Researchers studying rats have begun to elucidate this link. Briefly describe the genetic mechanism found

More information

GENE REGULATION slide shows by Kim Foglia modified Slides with blue edges are Kim s

GENE REGULATION slide shows by Kim Foglia modified Slides with blue edges are Kim s GENE REGULATION slide shows by Kim Foglia modified Slides with blue edges are Kim s 2007-2008 Bacterial metabolism Bacteria need to respond quickly to changes in their environment STOP GO if they have

More information

Enhancers mutations that make the original mutant phenotype more extreme. Suppressors mutations that make the original mutant phenotype less extreme

Enhancers mutations that make the original mutant phenotype more extreme. Suppressors mutations that make the original mutant phenotype less extreme Interactomics and Proteomics 1. Interactomics The field of interactomics is concerned with interactions between genes or proteins. They can be genetic interactions, in which two genes are involved in the

More information

Unit 6: Molecular Genetics & DNA Technology Guided Reading Questions (100 pts total)

Unit 6: Molecular Genetics & DNA Technology Guided Reading Questions (100 pts total) Name: AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 7th Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Unit 6: Molecular Genetics

More information

Epigenetics in. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chapter 4 2/4/14

Epigenetics in. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chapter 4 2/4/14 Epigenetics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chapter 4 2/4/14 The budding yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae The fission yeast - Schizosaccharomyces pombe The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission

More information

Optimization of RNAi Targets on the Human Transcriptome Ahmet Arslan Kurdoglu Computational Biosciences Program Arizona State University

Optimization of RNAi Targets on the Human Transcriptome Ahmet Arslan Kurdoglu Computational Biosciences Program Arizona State University Optimization of RNAi Targets on the Human Transcriptome Ahmet Arslan Kurdoglu Computational Biosciences Program Arizona State University my background Undergraduate Degree computer systems engineer (ASU

More information

REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. II. Eukaryotes

REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. II. Eukaryotes REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS II. Eukaryotes Complexities of eukaryotic gene expression! Several steps needed for synthesis of mrna! Separation in space of transcription and translation! Compartmentation

More information

RNA Structure and the Versatility of RNA. Mitesh Shrestha

RNA Structure and the Versatility of RNA. Mitesh Shrestha RNA Structure and the Versatility of RNA Mitesh Shrestha Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Nitrogenous Bases (Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine) Ribose Sugar Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Phosphate Group RNA world Hypothesis

More information

The Two-Hybrid System

The Two-Hybrid System Encyclopedic Reference of Genomics and Proteomics in Molecular Medicine The Two-Hybrid System Carolina Vollert & Peter Uetz Institut für Genetik Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe PO Box 3640 D-76021 Karlsruhe

More information

WORKING WITH THE FIGURES. 1. In Figure 8-3, why are the arrows for genes 1 and 2 pointing in opposite directions?

WORKING WITH THE FIGURES. 1. In Figure 8-3, why are the arrows for genes 1 and 2 pointing in opposite directions? 8 RNA: Transcription and Processing WORKING WITH THE FIGURES 1. In Figure 8-3, why are the arrows for genes 1 and 2 pointing in opposite directions? The arrows for genes 1 and 2 indicate the direction

More information

SureSilencing sirna Array Technology Overview

SureSilencing sirna Array Technology Overview SureSilencing sirna Array Technology Overview Pathway-Focused sirna-based RNA Interference Topics to be Covered Who is SuperArray? Brief Introduction to RNA Interference Challenges Facing RNA Interference

More information

2. Outline the levels of DNA packing in the eukaryotic nucleus below next to the diagram provided.

2. Outline the levels of DNA packing in the eukaryotic nucleus below next to the diagram provided. AP Biology Reading Packet 6- Molecular Genetics Part 2 Name Chapter 19: Eukaryotic Genomes 1. Define the following terms: a. Euchromatin b. Heterochromatin c. Nucleosome 2. Outline the levels of DNA packing

More information

Bioinformatics of Transcriptional Regulation

Bioinformatics of Transcriptional Regulation Bioinformatics of Transcriptional Regulation Carl Herrmann IPMB & DKFZ c.herrmann@dkfz.de Wechselwirkung von Maßnahmen und Auswirkungen Einflussmöglichkeiten in einem Dialog From genes to active compounds

More information

3. human genomics clone genes associated with genetic disorders. 4. many projects generate ordered clones that cover genome

3. human genomics clone genes associated with genetic disorders. 4. many projects generate ordered clones that cover genome Lectures 30 and 31 Genome analysis I. Genome analysis A. two general areas 1. structural 2. functional B. genome projects a status report 1. 1 st sequenced: several viral genomes 2. mitochondria and chloroplasts

More information

Recombinant DNA Technology

Recombinant DNA Technology Recombinant DNA Technology Common General Cloning Strategy Target DNA from donor organism extracted, cut with restriction endonuclease and ligated into a cloning vector cut with compatible restriction

More information

Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Lecture 9: Nuclear Genome Organization: Chromosome Structure, Chromatin, DNA Packaging, Mitosis Gary Peter

Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Lecture 9: Nuclear Genome Organization: Chromosome Structure, Chromatin, DNA Packaging, Mitosis Gary Peter Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Lecture 9: Nuclear Genome Organization: Chromosome Structure, Chromatin, DNA Packaging, Mitosis Gary Peter 9/16/2008 1 Learning Objectives 1. List and explain how DNA

More information

DNA Transcription. Dr Aliwaini

DNA Transcription. Dr Aliwaini DNA Transcription 1 DNA Transcription-Introduction The synthesis of an RNA molecule from DNA is called Transcription. All eukaryotic cells have five major classes of RNA: ribosomal RNA (rrna), messenger

More information

Functional Genomics Overview RORY STARK PRINCIPAL BIOINFORMATICS ANALYST CRUK CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE 18 SEPTEMBER 2017

Functional Genomics Overview RORY STARK PRINCIPAL BIOINFORMATICS ANALYST CRUK CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE 18 SEPTEMBER 2017 Functional Genomics Overview RORY STARK PRINCIPAL BIOINFORMATICS ANALYST CRUK CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE 18 SEPTEMBER 2017 Agenda What is Functional Genomics? RNA Transcription/Gene Expression Measuring Gene

More information

Chapter 5 DNA and Chromosomes

Chapter 5 DNA and Chromosomes Chapter 5 DNA and Chromosomes DNA as the genetic material Heat-killed bacteria can transform living cells S Smooth R Rough Fred Griffith, 1920 DNA is the genetic material Oswald Avery Colin MacLeod Maclyn

More information

2054, Chap. 14, page 1

2054, Chap. 14, page 1 2054, Chap. 14, page 1 I. Recombinant DNA technology (Chapter 14) A. recombinant DNA technology = collection of methods used to perform genetic engineering 1. genetic engineering = deliberate modification

More information

DNA. Is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses.

DNA. Is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses. Is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses. Genetic information is encoded as a sequence of nucleotides (guanine,

More information

Regulation of Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression Slide 1 Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions

More information

Cell type-specific delivery of sirnas with aptamer-sirna chimeras

Cell type-specific delivery of sirnas with aptamer-sirna chimeras Cell type-specific delivery of sirnas with aptamer-sirna chimeras Sullenger, B. A. et al Duke Center for Translational Research, Duke University Nature Biotechnology, 2006, 24, 1005 Julia Vargas November

More information

DNA makes RNA makes Proteins. The Central Dogma

DNA makes RNA makes Proteins. The Central Dogma DNA makes RNA makes Proteins The Central Dogma TRANSCRIPTION DNA RNA transcript RNA polymerase RNA PROCESSING Exon RNA transcript (pre-mrna) Intron Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM FORMATION

More information

RNA Interference and the World of Small RNAs

RNA Interference and the World of Small RNAs RNA Interference and the World of Small RNAs O, I die, Horatio; The potent poison quite o'er-crows my spirit: I cannot live to hear the news from England; But I do prophesy the election lights On Fortinbras:

More information

Overview of Human Genetics

Overview of Human Genetics Overview of Human Genetics 1 Structure and function of nucleic acids. 2 Structure and composition of the human genome. 3 Mendelian genetics. Lander et al. (Nature, 2001) MAT 394 (ASU) Human Genetics Spring

More information

MCDB 1041 Class 21 Splicing and Gene Expression

MCDB 1041 Class 21 Splicing and Gene Expression MCDB 1041 Class 21 Splicing and Gene Expression Learning Goals Describe the role of introns and exons Interpret the possible outcomes of alternative splicing Relate the generation of protein from DNA to

More information

Plants Fight it out Intrinsic defence mechanism The magic world of Gene silencing

Plants Fight it out Intrinsic defence mechanism The magic world of Gene silencing I LOVE YOU Plants Fight it out Intrinsic defence mechanism The magic world of Gene silencing Over expression of Chalcone synthase gene to get Purple Petunias Napoli, Lemieux & Jorgensen,1990 Desired Effect

More information

EUKARYOTIC REGULATION C H A P T E R 1 3

EUKARYOTIC REGULATION C H A P T E R 1 3 EUKARYOTIC REGULATION C H A P T E R 1 3 EUKARYOTIC REGULATION Every cell in an organism contains a complete set of DNA. But it doesn t use all of the DNA it receives Each cell chooses different DNA sequences

More information

CHAPTER 9 DNA Technologies

CHAPTER 9 DNA Technologies CHAPTER 9 DNA Technologies Recombinant DNA Artificially created DNA that combines sequences that do not occur together in the nature Basis of much of the modern molecular biology Molecular cloning of genes

More information

Cell Nucleus. Chen Li. Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine

Cell Nucleus. Chen Li. Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine Cell Nucleus Chen Li Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine 13 223 chenli2008@fudan.edu.cn Outline A. Historical background B. Structure of the nucleus: nuclear pore complex (NPC), lamina, nucleolus,

More information

Themes: RNA and RNA Processing. Messenger RNA (mrna) What is a gene? RNA is very versatile! RNA-RNA interactions are very important!

Themes: RNA and RNA Processing. Messenger RNA (mrna) What is a gene? RNA is very versatile! RNA-RNA interactions are very important! Themes: RNA is very versatile! RNA and RNA Processing Chapter 14 RNA-RNA interactions are very important! Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have many important differences. Messenger RNA (mrna) Carries genetic

More information

Exam 2 BIO200, Winter 2012

Exam 2 BIO200, Winter 2012 Exam 2 BIO200, Winter 2012 Name: Multiple Choice Questions: Circle the one best answer for each question. (2 points each) 1. The 5 cap structure is often described as a backwards G. What makes this nucleotide

More information

CHAPTER 18 LECTURE NOTES: CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION PART B: CONTROL IN EUKARYOTES

CHAPTER 18 LECTURE NOTES: CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION PART B: CONTROL IN EUKARYOTES CHAPTER 18 LECTURE NOTES: CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION PART B: CONTROL IN EUKARYOTES I. Introduction A. No operon structures in eukaryotes B. Regulation of gene expression is frequently tissue specific.

More information

Genomics and Gene Recognition Genes and Blue Genes

Genomics and Gene Recognition Genes and Blue Genes Genomics and Gene Recognition Genes and Blue Genes November 3, 2004 Eukaryotic Gene Structure eukaryotic genomes are considerably more complex than those of prokaryotes eukaryotic cells have organelles

More information

Functional characterisation

Functional characterisation Me Me Ac Ac Functional characterisation How can we know if measured changes in DNA methylation and function (phenotype) and linked, and in what way? DNMT Dianne Ford Professor of Molecular Nutritional

More information

Genetic Engineering & Recombinant DNA

Genetic Engineering & Recombinant DNA Genetic Engineering & Recombinant DNA Chapter 10 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc) Permission required for reproduction or display. Applications of Genetic Engineering Basic science vs. Applied

More information

Thermo Scientific Dharmacon SMARTvector 2.0 Lentiviral shrna Particles

Thermo Scientific Dharmacon SMARTvector 2.0 Lentiviral shrna Particles Thermo Scientific Dharmacon SMARTvector 2.0 Lentiviral shrna Particles Long-term gene silencing shrna-specific design algorithm High titer, purified particles Thermo Scientific Dharmacon SMARTvector shrna

More information

Chromatin. Structure and modification of chromatin. Chromatin domains

Chromatin. Structure and modification of chromatin. Chromatin domains Chromatin Structure and modification of chromatin Chromatin domains 2 DNA consensus 5 3 3 DNA DNA 4 RNA 5 ss RNA forms secondary structures with ds hairpins ds forms 6 of nucleic acids Form coiling bp/turn

More information

CHAPTER 20 DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENOMICS. Section A: DNA Cloning

CHAPTER 20 DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENOMICS. Section A: DNA Cloning Section A: DNA Cloning 1. DNA technology makes it possible to clone genes for basic research and commercial applications: an overview 2. Restriction enzymes are used to make recombinant DNA 3. Genes can

More information

RNA Interference (RNAi) (see also mirna, sirna, micrna, shrna, etc.)

RNA Interference (RNAi) (see also mirna, sirna, micrna, shrna, etc.) Biochemistry 412 RNA Interference (RNAi) (see also mirna, sirna, micrna, shrna, etc.) April 8, 2008 The Discovery of the RNA Interference (RNAi) Phenomenon 1. Gene-specific inhibition of expression by

More information

DO NOT OPEN UNTIL TOLD TO START

DO NOT OPEN UNTIL TOLD TO START DO NOT OPEN UNTIL TOLD TO START BIO 312, Section 1: Fall 2012 December 4 th, 2012 Exam 3 Name (print neatly) Signature 7 digit student ID INSTRUCTIONS: 1. There are 12 pages to the exam. Make sure you

More information

CMPS 3110 : Bioinformatics. High-Throughput Sequencing and Applications

CMPS 3110 : Bioinformatics. High-Throughput Sequencing and Applications CMPS 3110 : Bioinformatics High-Throughput Sequencing and Applications Sanger (1982) introduced chaintermination sequencing. Main idea: Obtain fragments of all possible lengths, ending in A, C, T, G. Using

More information

TOOLS sirna and mirna. User guide

TOOLS sirna and mirna. User guide TOOLS sirna and mirna User guide Introduction RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for suppression gene expression by causing the destruction of specific mrna molecules. Small Interfering RNAs (sirnas)

More information

Lecture 9 Controlling gene expression

Lecture 9 Controlling gene expression Lecture 9 Controlling gene expression BIOLOGY Campbell, Reece and Mitchell Chapter 18 334- (352-356) Every cell in your body contains the same number of genes approximately 35, 000 DNA is wound around

More information

TRANSCRIPTION AND PROCESSING OF RNA

TRANSCRIPTION AND PROCESSING OF RNA TRANSCRIPTION AND PROCESSING OF RNA 1. The steps of gene expression. 2. General characterization of transcription: steps, components of transcription apparatus. 3. Transcription of eukaryotic structural

More information

Chapter 24: Promoters and Enhancers

Chapter 24: Promoters and Enhancers Chapter 24: Promoters and Enhancers A typical gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II has a promoter that usually extends upstream from the site where transcription is initiated the (#1) of transcription

More information

TECHNOLOGIES, PRODUCTS & SERVICES for MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, MDx ABA 298

TECHNOLOGIES, PRODUCTS & SERVICES for MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, MDx ABA 298 DIAGNOSTICS BUSINESS ANALYSIS SERIES: TECHNOLOGIES, PRODUCTS & SERVICES for MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, MDx ABA 298 By ADAMS BUSINESS ASSOCIATES March 2017. March 2017 ABA 298 1 Technologies, Products & Services

More information

Transcription in Eukaryotes

Transcription in Eukaryotes Transcription in Eukaryotes Biology I Hayder A Giha Transcription Transcription is a DNA-directed synthesis of RNA, which is the first step in gene expression. Gene expression, is transformation of the

More information

Antisense RNA Insert Design for Plasmid Construction to Knockdown Target Gene Expression

Antisense RNA Insert Design for Plasmid Construction to Knockdown Target Gene Expression Vol. 1:7-15 Antisense RNA Insert Design for Plasmid Construction to Knockdown Target Gene Expression Ji, Tom, Lu, Aneka, Wu, Kaylee Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia

More information

Epigenetics, Environment and Human Health

Epigenetics, Environment and Human Health Epigenetics, Environment and Human Health A. Karim Ahmed National Council for Science and the Environment Washington, DC May, 2015 Epigenetics A New Biological Paradigm A Question about Cells: All cells

More information

Lectures 28 and 29 applications of recombinant technology I. Manipulate gene of interest

Lectures 28 and 29 applications of recombinant technology I. Manipulate gene of interest Lectures 28 and 29 applications of recombinant technology I. Manipulate gene of interest C A. site-directed mutagenesis A C A T A DNA B. in vitro mutagenesis by PCR T A 1. anneal primer 1 C A 1. fill in

More information

Recombinant DNA: Basics and Advanced Applications

Recombinant DNA: Basics and Advanced Applications Recombinant DNA: Basics and Advanced Applications 2015/2016 Code: 42895 ECTS Credits: 9 Degree Type Year Semester 4313794 Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biomedicine OT 0 A Contact Name: Antonio Casamayor

More information

Biotech Applications Nucleic acid therapeutics, Antibiotics, Transgenics. BIT 220 End of Chapter 22 (Snustad/Simmons)

Biotech Applications Nucleic acid therapeutics, Antibiotics, Transgenics. BIT 220 End of Chapter 22 (Snustad/Simmons) Biotech Applications Nucleic acid therapeutics, Antibiotics, Transgenics BIT 220 End of Chapter 22 (Snustad/Simmons) Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Agents Many diseases (cancer, inflammatory diseases) from

More information

DNA Transcription. Visualizing Transcription. The Transcription Process

DNA Transcription. Visualizing Transcription. The Transcription Process DNA Transcription By: Suzanne Clancy, Ph.D. 2008 Nature Education Citation: Clancy, S. (2008) DNA transcription. Nature Education 1(1) If DNA is a book, then how is it read? Learn more about the DNA transcription

More information

CLASS 3.5: 03/29/07 EUKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTION I: PROMOTERS AND ENHANCERS

CLASS 3.5: 03/29/07 EUKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTION I: PROMOTERS AND ENHANCERS CLASS 3.5: 03/29/07 EUKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTION I: PROMOTERS AND ENHANCERS A. Promoters and Polymerases (RNA pols): 1. General characteristics - Initiation of transcription requires a. Transcription factors

More information

Bio 311 Learning Objectives

Bio 311 Learning Objectives Bio 311 Learning Objectives This document outlines the learning objectives for Biol 311 (Principles of Genetics). Biol 311 is part of the BioCore within the Department of Biological Sciences; therefore,

More information

Y1 Biology 131 Syllabus - Academic Year

Y1 Biology 131 Syllabus - Academic Year Y1 Biology 131 Syllabus - Academic Year 2016-2017 Monday 28/11/2016 DNA Packaging Week 11 Tuesday 29/11/2016 Regulation of gene expression Wednesday 22/9/2014 Cell cycle Sunday 4/12/2016 Tutorial Monday

More information

Repression of trx - introductory remarks

Repression of trx - introductory remarks Repression MBV4230 Odd S. Gabrielsen Repression of trx - introductory remarks Repression - confusing language Cis-elements termed silencers, extinguishers, operators, negatively acting sequences, URS etc.

More information

RNA-mediated Double-Stranded Break repair in mammalian cells

RNA-mediated Double-Stranded Break repair in mammalian cells RNA-mediated Double-Stranded Break repair in mammalian cells A thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty By Matthew B Taylor In Fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors Thesis Option for a Bachelor

More information

Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes Concepts, Strategies, and Techniques Michael Carey Stephen T. Smale COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS NEW YORK 2000 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 0-87969-537-4

More information

Chapter 16: Gene Expression from Biology by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

Chapter 16: Gene Expression from Biology by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. Chapter 16: Gene Expression from Biology by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. 2013, Rice University. CHAPTER 16 GENE EXPRESSION 429 16 GENE EXPRESSION

More information

SNPs - GWAS - eqtls. Sebastian Schmeier

SNPs - GWAS - eqtls. Sebastian Schmeier SNPs - GWAS - eqtls s.schmeier@gmail.com http://sschmeier.github.io/bioinf-workshop/ 17.08.2015 Overview Single nucleotide polymorphism (refresh) SNPs effect on genes (refresh) Genome-wide association

More information

Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press Figure 1.1. Model of RNAi pathway in C. elegans. Transmembrane protein SID-1 allows dsrna to enter the cell. In the cytoplasm,dsrna gets processed by DCR-1,existing in a complex with RDE-4,RDE-1 and DRH-1.

More information

Molecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 11: Recombinant DNA

Molecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 11: Recombinant DNA Molecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 11: Recombinant DNA Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following statements about the sources of DNA used for molecular cloning is correct? Question #1 (A) cdna

More information

Multiple choice questions (numbers in brackets indicate the number of correct answers)

Multiple choice questions (numbers in brackets indicate the number of correct answers) 1 Multiple choice questions (numbers in brackets indicate the number of correct answers) February 1, 2013 1. Ribose is found in Nucleic acids Proteins Lipids RNA DNA (2) 2. Most RNA in cells is transfer

More information

Microarray Gene Expression Analysis at CNIO

Microarray Gene Expression Analysis at CNIO Microarray Gene Expression Analysis at CNIO Orlando Domínguez Genomics Unit Biotechnology Program, CNIO 8 May 2013 Workflow, from samples to Gene Expression data Experimental design user/gu/ubio Samples

More information

Chromatin Structure and its Effects on Transcription

Chromatin Structure and its Effects on Transcription Chromatin Structure and its Effects on Transcription Epigenetics 2014 by Nigel Atkinson The University of Texas at Austin From Weaver 4th edition and Armstrong 1st edition What is the point? DNA is not

More information

Genes - DNA - Chromosome. Chutima Talabnin Ph.D. School of Biochemistry,Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology

Genes - DNA - Chromosome. Chutima Talabnin Ph.D. School of Biochemistry,Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology Genes - DNA - Chromosome Chutima Talabnin Ph.D. School of Biochemistry,Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology DNA Cellular DNA contains genes and intragenic regions both of which may

More information

Computational Biology I LSM5191 (2003/4)

Computational Biology I LSM5191 (2003/4) Computational Biology I LSM5191 (2003/4) Aylwin Ng, D.Phil Lecture Notes: Transcriptome: Molecular Biology of Gene Expression I Flow of information: DNA to polypeptide DNA Start Exon1 Intron Exon2 Termination

More information

Non-Organic-Based Isolation of Mammalian microrna using Norgen s microrna Purification Kit

Non-Organic-Based Isolation of Mammalian microrna using Norgen s microrna Purification Kit Application Note 13 RNA Sample Preparation Non-Organic-Based Isolation of Mammalian microrna using Norgen s microrna Purification Kit B. Lam, PhD 1, P. Roberts, MSc 1 Y. Haj-Ahmad, M.Sc., Ph.D 1,2 1 Norgen

More information