History of the patient Sonographer experience Scanner performance

Transcription

1 Assessing the performance of clinical and pre-clinical ultrasou und transducers using the Resolution Integral Carmel M Moran*, B Ellis, A Janeczko, SD Pye Carmel.moran@ed.ac.uk Medical Physics, Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB

2 Structure Assess the performance of clinical ultrasound transducers Assess the performance of clinical ultrasound transducers for pre-clin nical imaging Assess the performance of commercially available pre-clinical tr ransducers

3 Structure Assess the performance of clinical ultrasound transducers Assess the performance of clinical ultrasound transducers for pre-clin nical imaging Assess the performance of commercially available pre-clinical tr ransducers

4 Image Quality History of the patient Sonographer experience Scanner performance

5 Quantitative Assessment of Scanners Pipe diam (mm) x2 0.4 x2

6 Quantitative Assessment of Scanners

7 Quantitative Assessment of Scanners Edinburgh Pipe Phantom

8 Quantitative Assessment of Scanners

9 How much of the pipe can you see?

10 L

11 L d

12 (mm) L( ) (mm -1 )

13 (mm) L( ) (mm -1 )

14 mm pipe 60 2 mm HDI 5000 L12-5 L (m mm) mm mmm mm 0.5 mm mm (mm -1 ) (mm -1 )

15 Resolution Integral R L L 0 L 0 2a 0 R 0 L d 0 1/a 0

16 L L 0 0 1/a 0

17 L L 0 0 1/a 0

18 L Depth of Field L R L R L 0 L R 0 1/a 0

19 L Characteristic Resolutio on D R D R L 0 D R 0 R = 1/D R 1/a 0

20 Resolution Integral R = L R /D R L Depth of Field L R Characteristic Resolutio on D R D R L R L 0 D R L R 0 R = 1/D R 1/d 0

21 R = L R /D R L R 0 D R

22 R = L R/D R Increasing R L R Abdo Probe Small Parts Probe 0 D R

23 R = L R/D R Increasing R L R Abdo Probe Small Parts Probe 0 D R

24 R = L R/D R Increasing R L R Abdo Probe Small Parts Probe 0 D R

25 200 R = 75 R = 50 L R (mm) Dep pth of Field L R (mm) R = Small Parts Characteristic Resolution D R (mm) D R (mm)

26 L R (mm) 200 R = 75 R = Dep pth of Field L R (mm) R = 25 Radiology Characteristic Resolution D R (mm) D R (mm)

27 L R (mm) 200 R = 75 R = 50 Dep pth of Field L R (mm) R = TV endo Characteristic Resolution D R (mm) D R (mm)

28 160 scanner/transducer combinations R = 75 R = 50 L R (mm) Dep pth of Field L R (mm) R = 25 Radiology TV endo Small Parts Characteristic Resolution D R (mm) D R (mm)

29 R Resolution Integra Siemens Gen Radiology & TV Probes L R (mm) Sonoline SX Sonoline AC Versa Pro Elegra Platform G60S Antares Antares Premium Scanner Scanner S2000 R (mm) 150 Depth of Field L Characteristic Resolution D R (mm) D R (mm)

30 200 R = 75 R = 50 L R (mm) Dep pth of Field L R (mm) Antares Prem S2000 Antares G60 Versa Pro Elegra Sonoline SX Sonoline AC R = 25 Siemens Rad Characteristic Resolution D R (mm) D R (mm)

31 Structure Assess the performance of clinical ultrasound transducers Assess the performance of clinical ultrasound transducers for pre-clin nical imaging Assess the performance of commercially available pre-clinical tr ransducers

32 Of Mice and Men Experimenting on humans frowned upon Alternatives Nematode worm Insects Fruit fly Fish (zebra fish) Mammals Mice Rats Pigs Sheep Primates

33 Objectives of Genetic Engineering Understand human disea ase processes Develop treatments and cures

34 Manipulating the Genome Natural mutations Chemical mutagenesis Knockout approach Stop an existing gene from functioning Random / Targeted Transgenic approach Incorporation of a foreign gene into the genome of the target organism

35 Mouse Models Cancer Brain Ml Melanoma Obesity-diabetes Polio Birth defects Cleft pallet Spinal defects Emphysema Cystic Fibrosis Sickle cell disease Glaucoma Parkinson s Disease Deafness Cardiology Alzheimer's Drug testing Baldness etc $

36 Genotype Characterisation "internally coded, inheritablee information The blue print for construction and maintenance of living organism. Phenotype Describes the physical attributes of the organism Atoms, molecules, cells, structures, metabolism, energy utilisation, tissues, organs, reflexes.

37 Spot the Difference Results of genetic cha anges may be - obvious or may not

38 Phenotyping Methods Biochemical Behaviou ural Imaging (Serial studies)

39 Ultrasound Scanners Real-time High fram me rate High resolution Portable Safe Convenient Moderatee cost

40 Small Anim mal Imaging Transd ucer Gel Are ea of inte erest

41 Small Animal Imaging Animal Imaging

42 Small Animal Imaging Courtesy of Visualsonics

43 Small Animal Imaging

44 Small Animal Imaging g Zebra Fish

45 Small Animal Imaging g Zebra Fish

46 Scanners Previous Work Diasus Dynamic Imaging g L8-16, L10-22 probes Mouse heart filled with ultrasonic contrast

47 Micromaxx Scanner Sonosite Scanners Vevo770 - Visualsonics iu22 Philips

48 Subjects - Marmosets 59 marmosets Held Hldstationary by trained dh handlers Belly shaved for optimum imaging

49 Qualitative study

50 Qualitative study

51 Qualitative study Early pregnant uterus approx 15 days

52 Comparative qualitative study iasus image showing 3 follicles n right ovary and 1 follicle in eft ovary Micromaxx image. Follicles not distinguishable i i in left ovary.

53 Comparative qualitative study Diasus image showing follicle in lft left ovary Corresponding image from Visualsonics scanner

54 Comparative qualitative study Diasus image showing early pregnancy Corresponding image from Visualsonics scanner showing conceptus and endometrium

55 Comparative qualitative study Diasus image showing three follicles in right ovary Philips image showing indistinc image of right ovary

56 Philips Scanner (second session)

57 L

58 L D

59 (mm) L( ) (mm -1 )

60 (mm) L( ) (mm -1 )

61 Resolution Integral R L L 0 L 0 D 0 R 0 L d 0 1/D 0

62 Quantitative Assessment of Scanners Dynamic Imaging Diasus L (mm) Dynamic Imaging Diasus 8-16 VisualSonics (40MHz) MicroMaxx HFL MHz Philips iu22 L (mm -1 )

63 Quantitative Assessment of Scanners 10 8 VisualSonics L (mm) (mm -1 )

64 Resolution Integral R = L R /D R L Depth of Field L R Characteristic Resolutio on D R L R L 0 D R L R 0 R = 1/D R 1/D 0

65 Ultrasonic Scanner Results Scanner Probe Reso olution Depth of Field Characteristic Integral (R) (mm) Resolution (mm) Phillips iu22 L scanner SonoSite HFL MHz Micromaxx scanner Diasus Scanner L Diasus Scanner L Visualsonics Resolution integral, depth of field and characteristic resolution of the five ultrasonic Table 1 Resolution integral, depth of field and characteristic resolution of the transducers. six ultrasonic transducers.

66 Results from Scanners using Clinical and Pre-clinical Pipe Phantoms Depth of Field versus Characteristic resolution Depth of Field (mm) Philips L17-5 Philips L15-7io Diasus L10-22 Vevo 770 probes Diasus L8-16 Micromaxx HFL38/13-6 Vivid5 i13lv Charcteristic Resolution (microns)

67 Visualsonics Vevo 770 Single element probe Multiple probe heads to ensure focussed at necessary depth

68 Structure Assess the performance of clinical ultrasound transducers Assess the performance of commercially available ultrasound tr ransducers for pre-clinical imaging Assess the performanc e of commercially available pre-clinical transducers

69 The Wellcome Trust High-Resolution Ultrasound Im maging Facility April il RMV 704 RMV 707B RMV 708 RMV 710B RMV 711

70 Characteristics of probes - Manufacturer s data Probe Name Centre Frequency (MHz) Lateral Resolution (µm) Depth of Field (mm) RMV RMV707B 30 RMV RMV RMV

71 High Resolution Pipe Phantom Pipes of diameter (micron):

72 Example images of Pre-clinical Pipe Phantom Vevo micron pipe 330 micron pipe 55MHz 55MHz

73 Example images of Pre-clinical Pipe Phantom Vevo micron pipe 68 micron pipe 55MHz 55MHz

74 Results from Vevo 770 using Pre-clinical Pipe Ph hantom Depth of Field versus Characteristic resolution 10 Depth of Field (mm m) 5 RMV707B 30MHz RMV711 55MHz RMV704 40MHz RMV708 55MHz RMV710 25MHzc Charcteristicc Resolution (microns)

75 Results from Vevo 770- RMV704 probe using tracking technique 139 micron pipe

76 Small Anim mal Imaging Transd ucer Gel Are ea of inte erest

77 Results from Vevo 770- RMV704 probe using tracking technique Depth of Field versus Characteristic resolution Mean (pipe tracking) RMV 704 L (mm) Mean (non-pipe tracking) RMV 704 De epth of Field (mm) 10 5 RMV 704 RMV 704 (Tracking) (mm -1 ) Charcteristic Resolution (microns)

78 Visualsonics s Vevo 2100 Linear Array Technology Linear array technology Colour Doppler Wide field of view

79 Visualsonics Vevo transducers Transducer Centre Frequency (MHz) Frequency Bandwidth (MHz) FOV (mm) MS MS MS MS550S MS550D

80 Small Anim mal Imaging Vevo 2100 MS550S 40MHz

81 Small Anim mal Imaging Vevo 2100 MS550D 40MHz

82 Clinical Pipe Phantom with Vevo 2100 probe

83 Example images of Clinical Pipe Phantom Vevo 2100, MS200, 15MHz 1470 micron pipe

84 Example images of Clinical Pipe Phantom Vevo 2100, MS250, 21MHz 420 micron pipe

85 Example images of Pre-clinical Pipe Phantom Vevo 2100, MS S550D, 40MHz 193 micron pipe

86 Example images of Pre-Clinical Pipe Phantom Vevo 2100, MS S550S, 40MHz 139 micron pipe

87 Results from Vevo using Pre-clinical Pipe Phantom Visualsonics Vevo 2100 MS550S 40MHz L (mm) (mm -1 )

88 Comparison of resultss from Vevo 2100 and Vevo 770 Depth of Field versus Characteristic resolution Depth of Field (mm m) RMV 704 RMV 704 (Tracking) MS550D MS550S Charcteristic Resolution (microns)

89 Results from Vevo 2100 using High Resolution Pipe Phantom Depth of Field versus Characteristic resolution 35 Vevo 770 probes Vevo probes Vevo 770 RMV704 probe tracked 30 15MHz Depth of Field (mm) MHz 30MHz 40MHz 21MHz MHz 55MHz 30MHz 40MHz MHz Charcteristicc Resolution (microns)

90 Example images from Vevo 2100 and Vevo MH Hz probes Vevo 2100 MS550S Vevo 770 RMV704

91 Conclusions Using the Edinburgh Pipe Phantom we are able to quantify the performanc e of clinical and high resolution, pre-clinical ultrasound scanners.

92 Advantages as Experimental Subjects Mice are easy to look after Inexpensive Large numbers small space Short life cycle High reproduction rate Sexual maturity 6 weeks Gestation 19 days Disease often ap pears within 4-6 weeks

93 Many Differences Mouse Small 4 legs & a tail Whiskers Communicate in ultrasonic range Naturally athletic Can jump 1m Climb almost anything Relatively short life 1-3yrs

94 Looks can be Deceiving Similarities Eyes Ears Hair Internal organs Genes Only 150 of 30,000 not in common Genome relatively easy to manipulate