The University of North Texas Department of Materials Science & Engineering

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1 The University of North Texas Department of Materials Science & Engineering 2017 Spring Semester Course Title: MTSE 4020, Materials in Medicine Instructor: Narendra B. Dahotre, Office DP C136E, Phone: Office Hours: Wednesday, 11:00 AM -12:00 Noon. Number of credits: 3 General Course Description: Science and engineering of materials for medical applications. Provides students with an understanding of the challenges that materials (metals, polymers and ceramics) face/create during short- and long-term contact with mammalian physiology. Develops the student s understanding of the relationships controlling acceptance or failure of a given material in the body. Exposes students to strategies used in current and future biomaterials. Combined application of principles of physical chemistry and biochemistry, materials engineering, to biomedical problems and products. Applications include implants and medical devices, drug delivery systems, cell culture processes, diagnostics, and bioseparations. Prerequisites: MTSE 3010, MTSE 3050 Suggested Background by Topics: In addition to a background in Materials Science and Engineering, introductory backgrounds in Cell Biology, Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Biochemistry would be helpful.. Instructor s Detailed Course Description: This course will provide an overview of the field of biomaterials. The student will learn the history and design principles behind the classes of biomaterials used today in medical devices used as implants in the body or in contact with bodily fluids. Ultimately, the student will obtain the tools necessary to design, analyze, and characterize biomaterials for new applications. The course will focus mainly on the materials in actual clinical usage as part of biomedical devices. The major classes of materials along with their properties, characterization, biological responses, and specific clinical applications will be presented. Articles from the current literature will be used to highlight ongoing research and development efforts to improve biomaterials and devices. Required Textbook: Biomaterials Science, 3 rd Edition (2012). Edited by B. D. Ratner, A. S. Hoffman, F. Schoen, and J. Lemons. ISBN

2 Course Objectives: The objectives of the course are to provide the students with: 1. Knowledge of chemical and mechanical properties of materials currently used in devices used in contact with the body, their large impact on human health, and the major bodily reactions to the devices (ABET outcomes: h, j, l) Assessed by: exams. 2. The ability to apply principles in mathematics, science and engineering to the design and evaluation of biomaterials and biomedical devices (c, m) Assessed by: failure mechanisms presentation, term paper, and exams. 3. An overview of current limitations of biomedical devices and strategies being studied in both academia and industry to address these limitations (h, j) Assessed by: exams, presentation on biomaterials in current devices, term paper. 4. The opportunity to present their findings of biomaterials used in current devices and their analysis of design limitations of current devices in two oral presentations to their peers and to write a proposal to overcome one or more design limitations of current devices in a written document (g) Assessed by: biomaterials in current devices and failure of device presentation, term paper. Class Schedule: Lectures 1 hr. 20 min meet twice a week. Tuesday and Thursday, 4:00-5:20 PM, DP-B158 Computer Use: Students will use computers to prepare their homework, final papers and class presentations. Laboratory Projects: No labs. Outcomes Addressed By This Course: Specific ABET outcomes for MTSE 4020 and their assessment mechanisms are as follows: (c) An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. Students ability will be assessed by their term paper project, in which they will design a novel biomaterial to overcome a known failure mechanism of a currently used device. (g) An ability to communicate effectively. Communication will be assessed by one or more of the following: written reading reports on assigned reading, oral presentations of biomaterials used in devices and failure mechanisms of devices, and the written term papers. (j) Knowledge of contemporary issues. Students will be evaluated on their understanding of economic and societal forces driving biomaterial and biomedical device development through one or both of the following: written or oral reports on failures of devices, and in the background section of the term paper. Students will also be evaluated on their knowledge of current state-of-the-art approaches to improved biomaterials and devices through exams and the term paper. (m) The capability to apply advanced mathematics, science, and engineering to solve the problems at the interface of engineering and biology. Students will be evaluated on their ability to apply advanced science and engineering through the term paper. 2

3 Relationship of MTSE 4020 to departmental objectives is as follows: Pursue educational opportunities and/or employment in bioengineering-related fields, such as medicine, device development, or biotechnology. Earn advanced degrees and/or obtain employment in Bioengineering related fields such as medicine, device development, or biotechnology. Pursue opportunities for professional growth and development. Advance their careers by obtaining appropriate educational and professional qualifications. Serve their profession and community. The wide awareness of the impact of biomaterials on human health care developed in the course prepares the students to serve their profession and community by contributing to their background knowledge of the biomaterials field which will help them become educated reviewers of papers, grant applications, conference abstracts, etc., thereby serving the professional community. Contribute to responsible development of new technical knowledge. MTSE 4020 presents the fundamental chemical, mechanical, and biological principles applicable to the biomaterials in currently used devices, including polymer and surface science, biomaterials in drug delivery, biomaterials for tissue engineering, and the biological reactions to implants. The course increases their ability to solve biomedical problems because they have to apply this new knowledge in their term paper to design improved biomaterials and devices. Course Grading: Activities Percentage Homework (minimum 3 assignments) * 30% Two Mid Term Exams 40% Group Term Paper ** 30% * weighting may vary Note: Students may discuss homework problems, but should write up solutions independently. Mid-term exams are closed-book exams. Your grade will be set by the fraction of the 250 course points you obtain. ** Students as a groups will prepare a short term paper (no more than 5 single space typed pages excluding figures, tables and references; no more than 10 figures and 5 tables; and references with no limit for their number must be included) on biomaterials used in an existing or potential clinical device. The term paper must present an analysis of failure mechanisms of the device, especially failures related to the biomaterials used. In their term paper, students will propose solutions to be used in the device to overcome one or more of the failure aspects of the device. Short (20 minutes) group presentation on the term paper will be made. 3

4 Reading Assignments: Topic Definition of Biomaterials Structural Hierarchy in Materials and Biology Biomaterials Surfaces: Physics Surface (vs. Bulk) Structure and Properties Surface Energy Adsorption, Segregation, and Reconstruction at Surfaces Biomaterials Surfaces: Chemistry Reactions at Surfaces: Chemisorption, Corrosion Hydrolysis Protein-Surface Interactions Proteins: Structure, Properties, Functions Protein Adsorption: Langmuir Model Protein Adsorption: Complex Phenomena, Measurement Cell-Surface Interactions: Host Response to Biomaterials Cell Adhesion Mechanisms Coagulation Cascade Immune Response: Alternative Complement Activation Surface Modification Methods Coating Alloying Cladding Texturing/Patterning Surface Characterization Contact Angle, AFM Analytical Microscopy (SEM, TEM) Spectroscopy (XRD, XPS/ESCA, AES, SIMS) Quantifying Cell Behavior Cell Cultures Cellular Assays: Adhesion, Migration, Proliferation Statistical Analysis Error Sources, Distribution Functions, t- test Reading Whitesides, G. M., and A. P. Wong. "The Intersection of Biology and Materials Science." MRS Bulletin 31 (2006): Ratner: pp. 1-26, Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.9, and Ratner: pp , Section 1.5. Jacobs, J. J., J. L. Gilbert, and R. M. Urban. "Corrosion of Metal Orthopaedic Implants." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 80A (1998): Ratner: Section 6.3 and pp , Section 2.7. Ikada, Y., and H. Tsuji. "Biodegradable Polyesters for Medical and Ecological Applications." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 21 (2000): Ratner: pp Ratner: Sections 3.4, 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4. Ratner: Sections 2.13, 2.14, 2.16, and 7.2. Ratner: pp Handouts: Principles of Biochemistry, Receptors: Models for Binding, Trafficking, and Signaling. Ratner: Section

5 Fisher Test, Regression Methods Handout: Experimentation: An Introduction to Measurement Theory. Marazuela, M. D., and M. C. Moreno- Bondi. "Fiber-optic Biosensors - An Overview." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 372 (2002): Biosensors and Diagnostic Devices Ratner: Sections 7.17 and Biological Elements Transduction Mechanisms Properties/ Examples: Fiber Optic Biosensors, Nanobarcodes Drug Delivery: Controlled Release Ratner: Section Chemically-controlled Devices Duncan, Ruth. "The Dawning Era of Diffusion-controlled, Membrane-based and Osmotic Devices Polymer Therapeutics." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2 (2003): Methods: Transdermal, Colloidal Vehicles Mechanical Pumps Biomaterials for Organ Replacement Ratner: pp , Sections 2.12 and 7.7. Organ Replacement Therapies Mechanical Properties Bone Substitutes Tissue Engineering Ratner: Chapter 8. Cell Types Approaches: In vitro, In vivo, Ex vivo/cell Encapsulation Scaffolds: Design and Fabrication Case Examples: Artificial Pancreas, Cartilage, Nerve Regeneration FDA Regulatory Issues and Course Evaluations Ratner: Sections