used in skin, throat and urinary tract infections. The particle size of the nanosponge

Transcription

1 LITERATURE REVIEW 1. A Vyas, et al. (2010) developed cyclodextrin based nanosponges of cefadroxil which is used in skin, throat and urinary tract infections. The particle size of the nanosponge complex is found between 690 To 800 nm with low poly dispersity indices. 2. Roberta C, et al. (2010), formulated nanosponges as oxygen delivery system with three types of cyclodextrin. Their ability to release oxygen in the presence and in the absence of ultrasound is to be determined over time. Oxygen permeation through a silicone membrane was obtained using cyclodextrin nanosponge/hydrogel combination system. 3. Chander PD, et al (2010) described the method of nanoparticulate material using Glibenclamide different polymers and surfactants at varying ratios. The dissolution studies were performed and were in the I P limits and conducted various analytical tools with which it was reported that the formulations were found to show reduced side effects improved patients compliance and reduce dose frequency. 4. Chien-L L, et al. (2011), in their study stated that a synthesis method has been developed for preparing porous hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium-coated pteag nanosponges using ascorbic acid. The nanosponges were successfully deposited on the sidewalls of sodium dodecyl sulfate-micelle-functionalized herringbone graphite nano fibres (pteag/gn) using an electrostatic attraction. 5. Ansari KA, et al (2011). Aimed to increase the solubility, stability and permeation of resveratrol with cyclodextrin based nanosponges. DSC, FTIR and X-Ray Powder

2 Diffraction (XRPD) studies confirmed the interaction of resveratrol with nanosponges. XRPD showed that the crystallinity of resveratrol decrease after encapsulation. 6. Madhuri S, et al (2011)., reviewed that the ideal delivery system will solubilize the drug, lead the therapy to the target site, and release the therapy to fulfil the individual need of the patient and disease stage. Nanosponges are one of such effective drug carriers which conquer the problems of drug toxicity and poor bioavailability as they can load both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. 7. Amber V, et al. (2012), reviewed that the versatile pharmaceutical material cyclodextrin s are classified into hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and ionic derivatives. 8. B. Indira, et al. (2012), reviewed that effective targeted drug delivery has been a longheld ambition but they are restricted in their utility due to several major drawbacks. 9. E. K. Patel, et al (2012)., reviewed that nanosponge and microsponge delivery system was originally developed for topical delivery of drugs can also be used for controlled oral delivery of drugs using water soluble and bioerodible polymers. They found nanosponges entrap wide range of drugs and then release them onto the skin over a time and also in response to other stimuli including rubbing, moisture, ph, friction, or ambient skin temperature. 10. Ch. N. V. Raja, et al. (2013), demonstrated that nanotech materials can be easier to target for specific cells such as those in cancerous tumours. Author has concluded theory nanosponge has several advantages over other delivery methods. Like all nanomedical

3 materials nanosponge will need lengthy phased trials, which means that commercial availability is still years away. 11. Geeta A, et. al. (2013), reviewed that topical drug delivery system faced many problems like poor permeability, skin irritation, allergic reactions etc. The new developed colloidal system called nanosponge has potential to overcome these problems. 12. Gursalkar T, et al. (2013) reviewed that nanosponges are a novel class of hypercrosslinked polymer based colloidal structures consisting of solid nanoparticles with colloidal sizes and nanosized cavities. These nano-sized colloidal carriers have been recently developed and proposed for drug delivery especially for Controlled release of the loaded actives and solubility enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs are major advantages of nanosponge drug delivery systems. 13. Shankar G, et al. (2013), reviewed that the polymer formed is nano particulate in nature. Simvastatin is a drug that has a dissolution rate limited poor bioavailability. From this they could simvastatin loaded β-cyclodextrin nanosponges with carbonyldiimidazole as a cross linker and chitosan as mucoadhesive agent for oral drug delivery for enhancing the solubility of simvastatin so that the bioavailability problems are solved. 14. Gouri S, et al (2013), developed simvastatin loaded β-cyclodextrin nanosponges with carbonyl di imidazole as a cross linker and chitosan as mucoadhesive agent for oral drug delivery for enhancing the formulations for stability under the conditions of storage Shankar S, et al (2013) proposed to formulate β- cyclodextrin based nanosponges of itraconazole with main objective to increase the solubility of itraconazole by using

4 synthesized nanosponges of itraconazole and additionally studying the effect of a ternary component copolyvidonum of the solubility of itraconazole. 16. Swaminathan, et al (2013), proposed to formulate dexamethasone nanosponges for ocular delivery with beta cyclodextrin with di phenyl carbonate. The study was aimed at formulating complexes of beta-cyclodextrin obtained with different cross-linking ratio for ocular applications. Nano-encapsulation was done by incubation-lyophilization technique to yield various formulations of nanosponges. 17. Geeta Y, et al (2013), reviewed that site specific or targeted drug delivery is used to treat many diseases including cancer.. The objective of the article is to discuss nanosponges with their method of preparation, characterization, and applications 18. Yang-Wei L, et al (2013), made an approach for the synthesis of nanostructures in tea infusions at room temperature The dark field scattering images observe that the nanosponges have significant affinity toward hela cells. 19. Vidyaviswanad et al (2013) reviewed that targeted drug delivery to specific sites is the significant problem which is being faced by the researchers. The development of new colloidal carrier called nanosponges has the potential to crack this effort. Nanosponge is a novel and emerging technology which offers controlled drug delivery for topical use. 20. Naga SJ, et al. (2013) reviewed that effective targeted drug delivery systems have been a dream for long time. This author has explained the role of nanosponges in the body and made attempts to elaborate the interesting features of nanosponges, preparation, characterization, applications and recent updates of nanosponges in drug delivery.

5 21. Ajay V, et al (2014) reviewed that effective drug delivery at a targeted site had given the possibility to perform the precise function to control the release rates and have a better compliance on the health care system. This review is focusing on the preparation methods, applications of nanosponges in the field of drug delivery 22. Pritesh P, et al. (2014) explained that cyclodextrin nanosponges are solid, porous, biocompatible nano particulate three dimensional structures and have been used as delivery system of different drugs masking unpleasant flavours, preventing gastrointestinal irritation and obtaining sustained delivery systems or designing innovative drug carriers for nano medicine. 23. Flowerlet M, et al. (2014), reviewed that nanotechnology, a multi disciplinary science has received considerable attention in the recent times in the discovery of new chemical entities, diagnosis and treatment of several ailments. Another important character of these sponges is their aqueous solubility; this allows the use of these systems effectively for drugs with poor solubility. 24. Riyaz AMO, et al. (2014), reviewed that the drug delivery technology landscape has become highly competitive and rapidly evolving as more and more developments in delivery systems are being included to optimize the efficacy and cost effectiveness of therapy The present review explores current standing of nanosponges in drug delivery in great detail. 25. Honey T, et al (2014) reviewed that cyclodextrin-based nanosponges, which are proposed as a new nanosized delivery system,nano-medicine has developed many drug

6 delivering out of which nanosponge is an advanced drug delivery system which offers diverse advantages than the other available systems. 26. Yadav G, et al. (2014), reviewed that site specific or targeted drug delivery is used to treat many diseases like cardiovascular disease, osteo-diseases, hormonal deficiency diseases like parkinson s disease, auto-immune diseases like arthritis, diabetes. However, the most important application of targeted drug delivery system is to treat cancer. The objective of the article is to discuss nanosponges with their method of preparation, characterization, and applications. 27. Seema G, et al, (2015), researched that curcumin is used as model bioactive agent to be used in preparing nanosponges. Further the formulated nanosponges are evaluated for its phase solubility, particle size determination, zeta potential, SEM, TEM analysis, loading efficiency, and production yield and in vitro release study. 28. Gautam S, et al (2015), reviewed that drug targeting to specific sites creates a challenging task for the formulation designer. These problems may be solved by formulating the colloidal or vesicular carrier system within micro or nanometer size range. Nanosponge is a novel and emerging nanotechnology based formulation which offers controlled release of drug at the target site. 29. P. Suresh K, et al, (2015), designed a vaginal antifungal gel formulation with mucoadhesive properties to ensure longer residence at the site with the help of β- cyclodextrin and concluded to show good extrudability, homogeneity, spreadability and required diffusion rate in comparison with other formulations and was selected as suitable candidate to be delivered through vaginal route at controlled rate.

7 30. P. S Kumar, et al, (2015), worked to enhance the solubility of miconazole nitrate. Β- cyclodextrin based nanosponges were prepared by cross-linking β-cyclodextrin with carbonate bonds of diphenyl carbonate in different proportions, which are porous as well as nanosized by nanosponges. It was stated that technique was a better choice for sustained release with very fewer chances for the burst effect. 31. P. Suresh K, et al, (2015) reviewed that -cyclodextrin based nanosponges were prepared by cross- linking carbopol-940 and nanosponges technique was a better selection for constant release with very smaller amount probability for the break open effect. 32. Balasaheb MT, et al, (2015), reviewed that nanosponges are tiny mesh-like structures with a size range of bellow 1µm. Due to their small size and porous structure they can easily bind poorly-soluble drugs which lead to improve the solubility and ultimately the bioavailability of the same drugs. Both lipophilic as well as hydrophilic drugs can be loaded into nanosponges. 33. Prathima S, et al. (2015), study was to produce controlled release isoniazide nanosponges for topical delivery using ethyl cellulose polymer were prepared successfully using surfactant by emulsion-solvent evaporation method with various parameters. From the studies of the various formulations prepared, f2 was found to show the maximum sustained drug release of 74.26% in 10 hours. 34. Kurhe A, et al (2015), reviewed that the advents of nanotechnology lead to invention of many dosage forms. This review attempts to elaborate the interesting features of nanosponges as a targeted drug delivery systems.

8 35. Dr. Prathima S, et al, (2015), proposed to formulate and evaluate voriconazole loaded nanosponges for oral and topical delivery using three different by emulsion solvent evaporation method. The particle size of the optimized formulation was in the range of nm and the drug entrapment efficiency was found to be in the range of 69.8% % Pravin S, et al. (2015), reported that nanosponges show promising results in different fields such as medicine, agriculture, water purification, fire engineering and so on. The present study was designed to evaluate toxicity of different ns formulations (namely, s1 s6) synthesized with different cross-linking agents and made all the evaluation parameters which could chow The formulations were stable under the conditions of storage. 37. Ujjwal N, et al. (2015), reviewed that an increasing demand in topical cosmetic formulations with natural and nutraceutical ingredients have been improved day by day. Innovative delivery systems are transforming the new product development in the cosmetic field because of customer perceivable profit and optimized sensory attributes. Both lipophilic as well as hydrophilic drugs can be loaded into nanosponges. 38. Rahul S T, et al. (2015) reviewed on nanosponges as a targeted drug delivery system and explained the application of nanosponges, method of preparation, evaluation parameter and added recent patent. 39. A.R. Thakre, et al. (2016), reviewed that the targeted drug delivery to specific sites is the significant problem which is being faced by the researchers. The development of new

9 colloidal carrier called nanosponges and stated that nanosponges has emerged as one of the most promising fields in life science used in chemotherapy nowadays. 40. Patil B, et al, (2016) studied to produce controlled release artesunate nanosponges for topical and oral delivery using three different polymers, prepared successfully using surfactant by emulsion solvent evaporation method. These small sponges can circulate around the body until they encounter the target site and stick on the surface and began to release the drug in a controlled and predictable manner which is more effective for a particular given dosage 41. Hassanien S T, et al. (2016), cyclodextrin-based tenoxicam nanosponges are hyper cross-linked polymeric networks formed by cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives. Solubility studies were performed according to the method reported by hi-guchi and connors and the phase solubility diagrams were plotted and used to calculate the values of apparent stability constant and complexation efficiency. The results showed the significant enhancement in aqueous solubility of tenoxicam by 3.17 folds higher.