Quarter 1 Review Biology

Transcription

1 Quarter 1 Review Biology TEKS: 2ABCD, 3A, 4AB, 6 ABCDEF, 9ABC Topics: Safety & Scientific Processes, Biochemistry (Inorganic & Organic), DNA (Replication), Cell Division Use the picture to the left to answer the following questions: 1. Object C will enable you to 2. On what magnification is it okay to use C? A 3. In order to increase magnification power You would adjust B 4. Total magnification would be obtained by Multiplying x : C 5. Julie cuts her finger with a scalpel in lab. She should 1 st 6. When working with chemicals, students should first read an MSDS. What information is included on MSDS sheets? Fill in the blanks 7. In an experiment, a group that receives no treatment is called a(n) group. 8. In an experiment, the factor that is changed/manipulated/varied is called the variable. 9. In an experiment, the factor that is measured is called the variable. 10. Which group is considered the normal group why is it important to have that in an experiment? A chicken bone was placed in a graduated cylinder containing 100 milliliters of water. The diagram to the right illustrates the new level of water. 11. What is the volume of the chicken bone? 1

2 Analyzing Experimental Design Background To study the effects of common substances on the heart rate of tiny aquatic organisms known as Daphnia, students placed a Daphnia in a drop of water on a glass slide. The students then added 1 or more drops of a test substance dissolved in water to the slide, waited 10 seconds, then counted heart beats for 10 seconds. The students used a clean slide and a new Daphnia each time. Their data table is shown below. Heart Rate of Daphnia in Different Solutions Substance tested Heart rate (beats per minute) None (control) 58 Coffee 65 Ethanol 50 Analysis Identify the dependent and independent variables in the experiment. Identify the experimental groups in the experiment. What would have been a good control group? Evaluate how the instructions could be changed to improve the design of the experiment. Graphing Make a triple bar graph of the data in this table. Make sure you follow all of the guidelines for correctly constructing graphs. 2

3 Biochemistry 1. What element must all organic compounds contain? 2. Fill in the chart below regarding the 4 organic compounds Organic Compound Examples Monomer/ subunit glucose lactose starch glycogen cellulose oils, butter, fat, steroids monosaccharide polysaccharides Important Facts/Characteristics /Functions Energy storage for Energy storage for Saturated: Unsaturated: Testing (Chemical Indicator & Positive Color Result) & heat (simple sugars) + color result (starch), + color result Brown bag, translucent spot + result Muscle Enzymes Hemoglobin, + color result Nucleic Acids DNA & RNA Nucleotide: 5-carbon + + base not tested 3. The two types of lipids are saturated and unsaturated- which one has a double bond holding two carbons together? 4. What is the difference between a monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide? 5. What are the 3 components of a nucleotide? 6. Explain what it means to say an enzyme is denatured? 3

4 DNA and DNA Replication 1. DNA stands for ; RNA stands for 2. All living things contain DNA. 3. The sequence of DNA determines what in living organisms? 4. Differences between DNA & RNA Nucleic Acid 5-C Sugar Shape Nitrogen bases DNA RNA Single Stranded 5. DNA and RNA are made of smaller subunits called nucleotides which are made up of 3 parts:,, and Draw and label one. 6. If one side of a DNA strand reads: ACG-TCG-AAG-CCA What would the complimentary strand read? 7. In DNA, purines bond with pyrimidines. Fill in the chart. Purines Adenine Bonds with Bonds with Pyrimidines 8. The bonds that hold the nitrogen bases are bonds 9. Those bonds are broken by what enzyme during the unzipping process of DNA during replication? 10. Which enzyme adds back nucleotides to form two new strands of DNA? 11. Define DNA replication. (DNA 2DNA) 12. List the steps of DNA replication, starting with 1. DNA unwinds. 4

5 Chromosomes and Mitosis 1. What is a chromosome? 2. Draw a chromosome: 3. Label the sister chromatids and centromere in the chromosome you just drew 4. What is chromatin? 5. Where would you find chromosomes inside of the cell? 6. Label the Cell Cycle diagram below 6. What happens in the G1, S and G2 stages within interphase? 7. Which phase does DNA replication take place? 7. What are the 4 stages of mitosis? 8. Where do our cells spend 90% of the time? 9. Draw and label EACH stage of mitosis 5

6 Using the diagram above identify a cell in interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase 10. What are spindle fibers and what do they do during mitosis? 11. What is the difference between plant and animal cells when they are in cytokinesis? 12. Why is mitosis important (what 3 things does it help do in your body)? 13. Mitosis can be a form of reproduction. 14. After mitosis, how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell compared to the parent cell in humans? in the daughter cells while there were in the parent cells 15. What type of cells does mitosis produce? 16. Uncontrolled cell division is more commonaly known as? 17. Which stage of cell division produces two nuclei? (Interphase, Mitosis or Cytokinesis) 18. Which stage of cell division produces two cells? (Interphase, Mitosis or Cytokinesis) 19. How many chromosomes TOTAL do humans have? How many pair 6