CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY Department of Biological Sciences Manila*Malolos*Makati SYLLABUS

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1 CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY Department of Biological Sciences Manila*Malolos*Makati SYLLABUS PCBS 130 Bio Sci 103 Fundamental of Genetics 5 3 hrs lec; 6 hrs. lab Subject Code Subject Title Descriptive Title Credit Unit(s) Hour(s)/Week Pre-requisites: Botany 11; Zoology 11; Basic Statistics I. Course Description The course deals with the study of heredity and variations among organisms, historical aspects of Mendelism, cytological and molecular basis of inheritance, molecular genetic mutation and genes behavior in population. It also includes the synthesis of genetic principles and their practical application. This course comes with a laboratory course to be familiar with techniques used in genetics study and some applications. II. Course Outcomes At the end of the course, the students should 1. illustrate the chromosomal behavior during mitosis and meiosis in somatic and germ cell 2. identify and describe the processes of inheritance and the various factors that drive biological diversification, 3. explain the influence of heredity on future generation by setting down the key facts about human origin in a direct and simple manner, 4. connect the structure of DNA to its functions and describe the molecular process of gene expression from DNA to protein. 5. appraise the importance of the subject in medical field, in animal and plant breeding and in other biological disciplines; and 6. demonstrate behavior that is consistent with the core values of the university. Page 1 of 10

2 III COURSE PLAN Learning Outcomes Course Content Teaching Strategies Time Allotment Evaluative Measures 1. Construct a timeline to trace the development of genetics and at the same time recognize the contribution of significant persons in its gradual progression as a science, 2. Prepare a report on the impact of biotechnology and the new and expanding fields of genetics, 3. Analyze the importance of the use of model organisms in genetic studies, and 4. Assess the profound effects of genetic technology on society and as a matter of public policy. Unit I. Introduction to Genetics 1. Genetics Has a Rich and Interesting History 2. From Mendel to DNA 3. Discovery of the Double Helix and the Era of Molecular Genetics 4. Development of Recombinant DNA Technology 5. Impact of Biotechnology 6. New Expanding Fields 7. Genetic Studies Rely on the Use of Model Organisms 8. Living in the Age of Genetics Laboratory Exercises 1. Types of Variations 2. Sexual and Morphological Variation in Drosophila Timeline graphic organizer, Library work, Lecture discussion, Power Point presentations, Laboratory activities, Film Viewing, Current Issues 2 weeks Quiz, recitation, Written report Reflection Journal (graded with rubrics) Participation in various activities (graded with rubrics), critical analysis of current issues directly or indirectly involving genetic issues (absence and/or lack thereof) on government policies affecting public interest/ opinion (graded with rubrics) 1. Compare the basic structure, parts and functions of the cell and how these concepts relate to genetic function, 2. Relate the structure of chromosomes to its function, 3. Explain the various stages of mitosis and cite its importance in heredity. Unit II. Mitosis and Meiosis 1. Cell Structure Determines Genetic Function 2. Chromosomes Exist as Homologous Pairs in Diploid Cells 3. Mitosis Equally Distributes Chromosomes 4. Meiosis Creates Haploid Gametes and Enhances Genetic Variation Lecture discussion materials, collaborative learning, games, laboratory activities model preparation 2 weeks Quiz, graded recitation, written report model presentation practical exam (graded with rubrics) Page 2 of 10

3 Learning Outcomes Course Content Teaching Strategies Time Allotment Evaluative Measures 5. Development of Gametes 6. Importance of Meiosis to Sexual Reproduction Cycle 7. Cytological Nature of Mitotic And Meiotic Chromosomes 4. Describe meiosis and relate its significance in sexually reproducing organisms as well as its role in diversity, and 5. Distinguish the form and nature of chromosomes between dividing and non-dividing cells. Laboratory Exercise 1. Mitosis 2. Meiosis 3. Reproductive Cycles 1. Prepare a reflection journal on the life and times of Gregor Mendel and his approach on genetic studies. 2. Interpret results of monohybrid, dihybrid crosses, and of multiple traits. 3. Explain and laws of segregation and independent assortment, and demonstrate their application using genetic problems. 4. Evaluate genetic results whether they fit the established Mendelian ratios using chi-square analysis. 5. Analyze inheritance patterns using pedigrees. 6. Identify specific family genetic trait and construct and examine their own family pedigree. Unit III. Mendelian Genetics 1. Mendel s Experimental Approach to Study Inheritance Patterns. 2. Monohybrid Cross 3. Dihybrid Cross 4. Inheritance of Multiple Traits 5. Rediscovery of Mendel s Work in the Twentieth Century 6. Independent Assortment 7. Laws of Probability Explain Genetic Events 8. Evaluation of Genetic Data Using Chi-Square 9. Pedigree Analysis Lecture discussions Power Point presentations, Collaborative learning, Games, Laboratory activities, Model preparation 2 weeks Quiz, graded recitation, model presentation, (graded with rubrics ) Participation in various activities Practical exam Board work / Problem Solving about Monohybrid, Dihybrid and Polyhybrid crosses Seat work on pedigree analysis Page 3 of 10

4 Learning Outcomes Course Content Teaching Strategies Time Allotment Evaluative Measures Laboratory Exercises 1. Ultrastructures of the Cell 2. Techniques Used in Demonstrating Chromosomes 3. Chance, Probabilities & Genetic Ratios 4. Statistical Concepts and Tools 1. Distinguish between Mendelian and Non-Mendelian inheritance patterns. 2. Discuss the various types of non-mendelian inheritance patterns and explain examples for each. 3. Compare and contrast sex-limited and sex-influenced inheritance. 4. Relate the influence of environment on gene behavior. 5. Enumerate and explain types of extranuclear inheritance. Unit IV. Modification of Mendelian Ratios 1. Incomplete or Partial Dominance 2. Codominance 3. Multiple Alleles 4. Lethal Alleles 5. Phenotypes are often affected by more than one gene: gene interactions 5.1. Epistasis 5.2. Novel Phenotypes 6. Pleiotropy 7. X-Linkage 7.1. X-Linkage in Drosophila 7.2. X-Linkage in Humans 8. Sex-Limited and Sex-Influenced Inheritance 9. Genes and the Environment 9.1. Penetrance and Expressivity 9.2. Poison Effects 9.3. Temperature Effects 9.4. Onset of Genetic Expression 9.5. Genetic Anticipation Case study, lecture discussion, multimedia presentation, construction / preparation of pedigree per family, laboratory activities 3 weeks Quiz, graded recitation model presentation practical exam (graded with rubrics) Problem Solving using Non-Mendelian ratios Page 4 of 10

5 Learning Outcomes Course Content Teaching Strategies Time Allotment Evaluative Measures 10. Genomic Imprinting and Gene Silencing 11. Extranuclear Inheritance Chloroplast Mitochondria Maternal Effect Laboratory Exercises 1. Gene Segregation in Drosophila 2. Modeling Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses 3. Family Pedigree 4. Multiple Alleles: The ABO Blood Groups in Human 1. Define and describe types of sexual dimorphism. 2. Compare the two types of sex chromosomes. 3. Characterize persons with sex chromosome aberrations which includes Klinefelter, Turner, XXX, and XYY syndromes. 4. Illustrate the regions of the human Y chromosome showing specific genes causing maleness in humans. Unit V. Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes 1. Life Cycles Depend on Sexual Differentiation 2. X and Y Chromosomes Were First Linked to Sex Determination Early in the 20 th Century 3. The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness in Humans Laboratory Exercises 1. Techniques in Demonstrating Chromosomes Lecture discussion, Games, Use of multimedia materials, case study, library works, laboratory activities 3 weeks Quiz Graded recitation Board work Report (graded with rubrics) Participation in various activities (graded with rubrics) Page 5 of 10

6 Learning Outcomes Course Content Teaching Strategies Time Allotment Evaluative Measures 1. Explain the various terms relating to chromosome mutations. 2. Characterize and differentiate the various forms of chromosome mutations. 3. Relate chromosome mutation to chromosomal abnormality. Unit VI. Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement 1. Variation in Chromosome Number: Terminology and Origin 2. Monosomy and Trisomy 3. Polyploidy 4. Deletion 5. Duplication 6. Inversion 7. Translocation 8. Fragile Sites in Human Chromosomes Laboratory Exercises 1. Karyotyping materials, games, lecture discussion, model presentation 2 weeks Quiz Model presentation (graded with rubrics) 1. Explain the characteristics of the genetic material. 2. Recognize the evidences that led to the establishment of DNA as the genetic material in cells. 3. Describe the structure of DNA and RNA, including their physical and chemical properties. 4. State the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA. 5. Differentiate the alternative forms of DNA. Unit VII. DNA Structure and Analysis 1. Characteristics of the Genetic Material 2. DNA as the Genetic Material 3. Structure of DNA 4. Alternative Forms of DNA 5. Structure of RNA Laboratory Exercise 1. Extraction of DNA 2. Molecular Model Building of DNA materials, games, lecture discussion, model presentation 2 weeks Quiz Model presentation (graded with rubrics) Page 6 of 10

7 Learning Outcomes Course Content Teaching Strategies Time Allotment Evaluative Measures 1. Relate the complete structure of DNA with its function. 2. Illustrate the semiconservative replication of DNA. 3. Compare and contrast DNA replication process between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 4. Define DNA recombination and discuss its significance. Unit VIII. DNA Replication and Recombination 1. Semiconservative Replication 2. DNA Synthesis in Bacteria 3. DNA Replication in Eukaryotes 4. DNA Recombination Laboratory Exercise 1. Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics materials, lecture discussion Cooperative learning 2 weeks Quiz Board work activities At the end of the section, the students should 1. Point out the characteristics of the genetic code. 2. Diagram the process of transcription 3. Explain and illustrate the function of RNA polymerase. 4. Contrast the difference of eukaryote and prokaryote transcription. 5. Demonstrate the function of introns in eukaryotic genes. Unit IX. The Genetic Code and Transcription 1. Characteristics of the Genetic Code. 2. Transcription Synthesizes RNA on a DNA Template. 3. RNA Polymerase Directs Synthesis of RNA 4. Differences Between Eukaryote and Prokaryote Transcription 5. Intervening Sequences Introns, in Eukaryotic Genes materials, lecture discussion Cooperative learning Quiz Recitation Written report Board work activities Seat work on the use of genetic code Page 7 of 10 Learning Outcomes Course Content Teaching Strategies Time Allotment Evaluative Measures

8 1. Relate the structure of ribosomes to its function. 2. Explain and illustrate the process of translation 3. Compare prokaryote and eukaryote translation process. 4. Analyze various types of protein structures. 5. Describe protein function in relation to protein structure. Unit X. Translation and Proteins 1. Ribosome Structure and Function 2. Process of Translation 3. Eukaryotic Translation 4. Variation in Protein Structure 5. Functions of Proteins materials, lecture discussion Library work, article analysis, small group sharing 2 weeks Quiz, recitation Research work Problem Solving Converting transcript to amino acid 1. Compare genetic engineering and biotechnology 2. Recognize the significance of genetic engineering on agriculture and food science. 3. Identify the role of transgenic animals in biotechnology. 4. State the concept of synthetic biology. 5. Express the importance of genetic engineering in medical science and in gene therapy. 6. Critique and/or justify the ethical, social and legal impediments and outcomes on the acceptance and/or use of biotechnology and genetic engineering. Unit XI. Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 1. Uses of Genetically Engineered Organisms. 2. Agricultural Revolution Influence of Genetic Engineering 3. Transgenic Animals 4. Emergence of Synthetic Biology 5. Transformation of Medical Diagnosis Using Genetic Engineering and Genomics 6. Gene Therapy 7. Ethical, Social, and Legal Questions on Genetic Engineering, Genomics, and Biotechnology. materials, lecture discussion Library work, article analysis, small group sharing 2 weeks Quiz, recitation Research work Critic a journal article (graded with rubrics) critical analysis of current issues directly or indirectly involving genetic issues (absence and/or lack thereof) on government policies affecting public interest/ opinion (graded with rubrics) Page 8 of 10 Learning Outcomes Course Content Teaching Strategies Time Allotment Evaluative Measures

9 At the end of the unit, students should be able to: 1. Explain genetic variation in populations. 2. Analyze gene frequency distribution using Hardy-Weinberg Law. 3. Discuss the effects of natural selection on changes on allele frequency. 4. Describe the effects of mutations in populations. 5. Explain how migration alters allelic frequencies. 6. Identify the concept of genetic drift and non-random matings. 7. Explain the meaning of speciation. 8. Illustrate evolutionary history using phylogeny. Unit XII. Population and Evolutionary Genetics 1. Genetic Variation in Populations 2. The Hardy-Weinberg Law 3. Application of the Hardy- Weinberg Law on Human Populations. 4. Natural Selection for Allele Frequency Change 5. Mutations in Gene Pool 6. Migration and Gene Flow Alters Allele Frequency 7. Concept of Genetic Drift 8. Non-Random Matings 9. Genetic Factors Leading to Speciation 10. Analysis of Evolutionary History Using Phylogeny materials, lecture discussion Library work, article analysis, small group sharing 2 weeks Quiz, recitation Research work Critic a journal article (graded with rubrics) IV. Suggested Learning Activities lectures, recitations, discussions, experiments, research, drawings, reports, (written and oral), breeding of easily handled animals, and problem solving V. Evaluative Measures short and long quizzes, graded recitations, periodical examinations, laboratory exercises Page 9 of 10

10 VI. Textbook Klug, W. S., Cummings, M.R., Spencer, C.A., and Palladino, M. A., Essentials of Genetics. Eighth edition. Pearson Education. c Other References Brooker, Robert J. Genetics, Analysis & Principles. 4th ed. Mc Graw-Hill Co., Inc. International ed., c Hartl, Daniel L. Essential Genetics A Genomics Perspective. 6 th edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts, Jones and Bartlett. c Hartwell, Leland. Genetics: From Genes to Genomes. McGraw Hill Education, Hedrick, Philip W. Genetics of Population. Jones & Barlett Publishers, 2011 Hodge, Russ. Human Genetics: race population and disease, New York: Facts on File, c Matthew, Alex. Modern Genetics New Delhi, India: Adhyayan Publishers & Distributors, c2010. Russell, Peter J. Genetics: A Molecular Approach.3rd ed. San Francisco: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings,.c2010 Electronic Reference Prepared by: Approved by Chairman: Sgd. Mr. Ian Kenneth M. Cabrera Sgd. Dr. Zenaida D.R. Los Baños Members: Sgd. Dr. Eufrecina Jean D.R. Ramirez Head, Biological Sciences Department Sgd. Agnes S. Magnaye April 21, 2015 Sgd. Alicia I. Yu Page 10 of 10