Business process modeling and automation IDU0111 Lecture 4 Eesmärgid Mõõdikud Enn Õunapuu ICT-643

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2 Business process modeling and automation IDU0111 Lecture 4 Eesmärgid Mõõdikud Enn Õunapuu enn.ounapuu@ttu.ee ICT-643

3 Content Goals Measurements How to present in your project?

4 Context perspective 4

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6 Four phases 6

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9 Supply chain 9

10 Next generation supply chain 10

11 Sub-processes An activity in a process can invoke a separate sub-process Use this feature to: 1. Decompose large models into smaller ones, making them easier to understand and maintain

12 Guideline: Multi-level modeling Level 1: value chain Simple linear description of the phases of the process No gateways Each activity chain is a sub-process Level 2+: expand each activity in the value chain, add incrementally the following: Decisions, handoffs (lanes, pools) Parallel gateways, different types of events Data objects & data stores And as much detail as you need, and no more

13 Guideline: Multi-level modeling (cont.) At each level, decompose according to: Logical milestones towards achieving the outcome of the process Major objects used in the process Decompose until processes are of reasonable size e.g. up to 20 nodes (tasks+events+gateways) per model

14 Value chain with sub-processes Purchase Request Approval Purchase Order Goods Receipt Invoice Verification Consider resubmission Purchase Request process rejected Check purchase request for 1 st approval Purchase Request approved rejected Check purchase request for 2 nd approval approved Send approved request to requestor Purchase Order process Make copy of purchase request Forward to purchase department Approved Purchase Request

15 Fragment of SCOR s process hierarchy Level 3 Process Inquity and Quote Receive and Validate Order... Level 4 Receive Order Enter Order Check Credit... Credit Available? Clear Order Level 5 Access Credit Record Contact customer account rep.... APICS SCOR framework:

16 Side Note: Bizagi Milestones (nonstandard BPMN)

17 Collapsed process model Side Note: non-bpmn value chain notation (e.g. Signavio, ARIS)

18 Example: internal exception PO handling Consider again our PO Handling process example with the following extension: if an item is not available, any processing related to the PO must be stopped. Thereafter, the client needs to be notified that the PO cannot be further processed. PO Received PO Received Register PO Register PO Handle PO weekend/ holiday PO Registered Next working day Next working day weekend/ holiday weekday weekday Check Availability Check Availability Send PO Response Send PO Response PO fulfilled Response sent PO fulfilled Register PO Change PO Change received PO Cancel received Handle PO Cancelation PO canceled 18

19 SMART measurement George T. Doran called There's a S.M.A.R.T. way to write management's goals and objectives. It discussed the importance of objectives and the difficulty of setting them. Ideally speaking, each corporate, department, and section objective should be: Specific target a specific area for improvement. Measurable quantify or at least suggest an indicator of progress. Assignable specify who will do it. Realistic state what results can realistically be achieved, given available resources. Time-related specify when the result(s) can be achieved.

20 Goal orientation What are goals? The granularity of goals and their relationship to requirements and assumptions Goal types and categories Types of goals: behavioral goals vs. soft goals Goal categories: functional goals vs. non-functional goals

21 What are goals? Goal = prescriptive statement of intent the system should satisfy through cooperation of its agents "prescriptive statement": in optative mood shall, should, must,... e.g. Train doors shall be closed while the train is moving Loan periods shall be limited to 2 weeks formulated in terms of problem world phenomena "system": system-as-is, system-to-be software + environment "agent": active system component responsible for goal satisfaction

22 The granularity of goals Goals can be stated at different levels of abstraction Higher-level goals: strategic, coarse-grained - "50% increase of transportation capacity - Effective access to state of the art Lower-level goals: technical, fine-grained - Acceleration command sent every 3 secs - Reminder issued by end of loan period if no return The finer-grained a goal, the fewer agents required for its satisfaction

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24 Dell inspired example Strategic goal online ordering 24 hours to get product Process subgoals 18 hours for production, 6 hours for logistics Up to individual goals

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26 Context perspective 26

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28 Denmark example The small country of Denmark (pop. 5.6 million) is making a big commitment to renewables. In the early 1970s imported oil supplied 92 percent of Denmark s energy. Today Denmark s electric grid is over 40 percent renewably powered, and the country is aiming to reach 100 percent renewable electricity by 2035 and 100 percent renewable energy in all sectors by Denmark also plans to reduce its domestic greenhouse gas emissions by 40 percent by 2020 relative to 1990 levels without the use of carbon credits ten years ahead of the proposed EU target.

29 MPMN online tool

30 2017 projekti visioonide analüüs Olete kõik tublid ja esitasite visiooni Näide suurepärasest teema valikust 1. Eesti Liikluskindlustuse Fond Oleme projektis realiseerimiseks valinud liikluskindlustusjuhtumist teavitamise protsessi, mille soovime automatiseerida. 2. Meie projekti teema on Töötukassa juhtumikorraldajate tööprotsessi uurimine ja võimaluse korral selle automatiseerimine.

31 2017 projekti visioonide analüüs Millega võiks ja peaks täiendama projekte Simulatsioonid ja protsessi kaevandamine Mõõdikud, ka rahalised Laiem konteksti kirjeldus Sensorite kasutamine Sisendid ja väljundid

32 Questions? 32