Computers Are Your Future

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Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Edition Chapter 14: Enterprise

3 Objectives Contrast enterprise and personal computing. Define the term business process and briefly describe the flow of business processes within an organization. Differentiate between centralized and distributed technology management. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3

4 Objectives Name the tools that are commonly used in enterprise computing. Describe the various enterprise storage systems. Explain electronic data interchange and the features that make it popular. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4

6 Enterprise Computing Personal computing Individual s control and use of computers or handheld devices Enterprise Business or organization Enterprise computing Information technology on a large scale, encompassing all aspects of technology and information resources Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6

7 Business Processes and Activities Business process o Uses information systems o Has identifiable output o Begins with customer s need and ends with needs fulfilled o Provides links for information flow o At each link, value is added in the form of: Work performed Useful information generated Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7

Business Processes and Activities Copyright 2012

9 Business Processes and Activities Information systems o Support or streamline business activities o Gives competitive advantage Superior position over the competition Example: Billing process reduces use of paper o Support internal or external business processes Internal: accounting, finance, and human resources External: customers, suppliers, and business partners Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9

10 Business Processes and Activities BPR (Business process reengineering) o Use of information technology to make major organizational changes and cost saving Core of BPR: o Processes and people o Key to changing how people work leads to improved employee morale, customer service, and reduced costs o Designers focus on business processes Can lead to complete redesign of process from ground up o Attempts to improve efficiency by restructuring how, where, and when activities are performed Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10

12 Business Processes and Activities BPM (Business process management) Improves existing processes and optimizes assets through managing the entire life cycle o Uses cross-functional approach and IT o Examines communications within a process and among various systems o Often applied to discrete parts of an organization rather than the whole o Encourages employees to suggest and implement changes o Critical factor of success is continuous improvement of processes and communication. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12

14 Enterprise Systems Enterprise systems Integrate organization s information and applications Provide common secure enterprise data center o Used to store enterprise data Personnel can share data and enterprise software designed to solve enterprise-level problems. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 14

Enterprise Systems Globalization o Conducting international business o Increased by e-business Use of Internet for business activities o Goods and services are identical in all locations o

15 Enterprise Systems Globalization o Conducting international business o Increased by e-business Use of Internet for business activities o Goods and services are identical in all locations o Internationalization or Glocalization Combination of globalization and localization Adapting of a menu, slogan, or logo to match local taste or trends Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 15

16 Enterprise Systems Enterprise systems o Provide tools to find innovative ways to: Increase accurate and on-time shipments Minimize costs Increase customer satisfaction Maintain profitability Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 16

17 Enterprise Systems Enterprise systems (con t.) o Are information systems and consist of: Data Hardware Software People Procedures Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17

18 Enterprise Systems Enterprise systems (con t.) o Additional components may include: Network servers Database management systems Desktop computers Notebooks Handheld devices Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18

19 Enterprise Systems Centralized versus distributed structures o Enterprise networking technology infrastructure Managed using one of two structures: o Centralized o Distributed Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19

20 Enterprise Systems Centralized structure o Standard technology solutions used by all o IT department responsible for technology management Distributed structure o Technology tools are customized o Individuals manage technology Structure depends on: o Cost o Applications used o Security o Objectives Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20

21 Enterprise Systems Applying technology o Application is an ongoing process o Keeping current Implementing improved technology and updated programs may cause lower user comfort level o Upgrading Impact on users Hardware upgrades required Cost o Maintenance o Scalability Ability of hardware or software to continue functioning as demands and use increase Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21

22 Enterprise Systems Applying technology (con t.) o Interoperability Ability to connect and exchange data with another computer o Adding workstations and applications SPOF (Single point of failure) o System component that causes entire system to malfunction when it fails o Adding a network Zero configuration o Create networks on the fly o Disaster recovery Disaster recovery plan BCP (Business continuity plan) Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22

23 Enterprise Systems Disaster recovery o Essentials Copy of backup in different physical location To recover, data must be in a protected location Recovery process must be completed in time specified Constant and ongoing evaluation is required o Additional steps Test backup system regularly Update backup software when needed Protect servers from damage Check for security breaches Distribute plan to essential personnel Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23

25 Tools for Enterprise Computing ERP (Enterprise resource planning) o Software to manage enterprise tasks Provides an individual software module for each task Integrates modules into one computer system Modules are linked o Can integrate financial, human resources, customer, and order information; speed up manufacturing processes; reduce inventory o Some projects fail because of employee resistance to change o Implementation is expensive and takes time o Vendors include: SAP, Oracle, and Sage Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25

Tools for Enterprise Computing CRM (Customer relationship management) o Follows interactions between an enterprise and customers o Assists in efforts to hold onto customers o Software can be used

27 Tools for Enterprise Computing CRM (Customer relationship management) o Follows interactions between an enterprise and customers o Assists in efforts to hold onto customers o Software can be used to match company resources with customer wants and needs o Vendors include FrontRange Solutions, Oracle, SAP, and Salesforce.com Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27

28 Tools for Enterprise Computing SFA (Sales force automation) o Software that automates sales processes Processes and tracks orders Manages customers and other contacts Monitors and controlling inventory Analyzes sales forecasts Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28

30 Tools for Enterprise Computing XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) o Used to publish and share enterprise financial information Examples: net revenue, annual and quarterly reports, and SEC filings o Works regardless of the computer platform SaaS (Software as a Service) o Web-based software o Used by enterprises that outsource a portion of their IT tasks o Can use application service provider (ASP) to host software Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30

31 Tools for Enterprise Computing OSS (Operational support systems) o Software suite to assist the network operations of an enterprise Create network inventory Provide network discovery and reconciliation Tracking network assets and maintenance EAI (Enterprise application integration) o Highly complex tool that integrates two or more enterprise systems o Provides integration by combining processes, hardware, software, and standards Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 31

Enterprise Storage Systems RAID (Redundant array of independent disks) o Multiple hard drives hold same data o Goal to improve storage speed and protect

32 Enterprise Storage Systems RAID (Redundant array of independent disks) o Multiple hard drives hold same data o Goal to improve storage speed and protect against data loss o Service interruption is prevented if any one drive fails Fault tolerant Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 32

33 Enterprise Storage Systems Jukeboxes and Libraries o Jukebox enterprise storage units that use DVD and CD discs o Library enterprise storage units that use Blu-ray optical media Newest media Eco-friendly Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33

Enterprise Storage Systems SAN (Storage area network) o Available on LAN or WAN o High-capacity network of storage devices o Keeps enterprise services available for

34 Enterprise Storage Systems SAN (Storage area network) o Available on LAN or WAN o High-capacity network of storage devices o Keeps enterprise services available for processing NAS (Network-attached storage) o Provides data and file sharing o Access provided via a network Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34

35 Enterprise-Wide Technologies Enterprise-wide technologies o Can be used to gain a competitive advantage o Grid computing o Cloud computing o Blade servers o Thin clients o Web portals o Electronic data interchange o Virtual private networks o Intranets and extranets o Computer-based and Web-based training o Teleconferencing o Telecommuting o Workgroup computing Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35

Grid Enterprise-Wide Technologies computing o Uses many computers to solve a problem o Usually

37 Enterprise-Wide Technologies Cloud computing o Subscription service that provides scalable resources and IT services over the Internet o Multi-tenancy application is installed only once in the cloud but can be shared and customized o Security aspects should be verified before using Blade servers o Energy efficient, low-cost modular computers Thin client o Software program or computer that relies on other computers to do most of the work Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37

38 Enterprise-Wide Technologies Web portals o Web sites that supply numerous online services o Examples: AOL, Yahoo!, MSN, and Google o Business portals offer centralized knowledge and content management Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 38

39 Enterprise-Wide Technologies EDI (Electronic data interchange) o Popular method for sharing information and doing business over networks, including the Internet o Set of standards that dictate how data and documents are transferred between enterprises o Can make businesses more efficient Business-to-business e-commerce VAN (Value-added network) o Public data communication network that an enterprise uses for EDI or other services Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 39

41 Enterprise-Wide Technologies VPNs (Virtual private networks) o Connect distributed LANs over the Internet o Ensure security through the use of encryption and supplemental security features. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 41

Enterprise-Wide Technologies VPNs (con t.

43 Intranet Enterprise-Wide Technologies o Internal enterprise network o Accessed only by employees or authorized individuals o Employee manuals and telephone directories can be moved to an intranet, creating enormous savings for the enterprise Extranet o Network that enables outside users to access an intranet through the Internet o Data transfer is encrypted Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 43

44 Enterprise-Wide Technologies CBT (Computer-based training) o Convenient, affordable, learning method o Useful when multimedia, animation, and programmed learning are used WBT (Web-based training) o Similar to CBT o Training provided over the Internet or intranet Includes instant messaging, discussion forums, chat tools, Web broadcasts with streaming audio or video, and videoconferencing Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 44

45 Enterprise-Wide Technologies Teleconferencing o Enables business to be conducted by using computer and telecommunications equipment o Enhances enterprise communication o Often reduces costs Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 45

46 Enterprise-Wide Technologies Telecommuting o Working from home via computer and telecommunications equipment o Numbers are increasing o Benefits productivity gains, lower employee turnover, and reduced costs for office space Disadvantage lack of direct supervision of employee Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 46

47 Enterprise-Wide Technologies Workgroup computing o Used to communicate and collaborate o Uses specific computer hardware, software, and network equipment o Groupware (teamware) is software that supports workgroup information requirements. Applications include: o o Videoconferencing tools o Group-scheduling systems o Customizable electronic forms o Real-time shared applications o Shared information databases o Facilitates workflow automation Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 47

49 Summary Enterprise computing is the use of technology, information systems, and computers within an organization. Personal computing is the use of these technologies by individuals. A business process begins with a customer s need and ends with the fulfillment of that need. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 49

50 Summary The IT department manages in a centralized technology structure; individuals manage in a distributed structure. Frequently used enterprise computing tools include enterprise resource planning, customer relationship management, and sales force automation. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 50

51 Summary Other frequently used enterprise computing tools are Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), Software as a Service (SaaS), Operational Support Systems (OSS), and Enterprise Application Integration (EAI). Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 51

52 Summary Types of enterprise storage systems include RAID (redundant array of independent disks), CD/DVD jukeboxes, Blu-ray optical libraries, storage area networks (SANs), and network-attached storage (NAS). Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 52

53 Summary Enterprise-wide technologies that provide a competitive edge include grid computing, cloud computing, blade servers, thin clients, Web portals, EDI, intranets, extranets, VPNs, computer- and Web-based training, teleconferencing, telecommuting, and workgroup computing. Electronic data interchange (EDI) is a set of standards that assists companies in exchanging information and conducting business over the Internet and other networks. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 53

54 Summary Teleconferencing enables workers in different locations to communicate and conduct business using computers and telecommunications equipment. Telecommuting is an arrangement in which employees work from home but are linked to the office. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 54

55 Summary Workgroup computing allows group members to work together on a task using specific technology and tools that enable them to connect, communicate, and collaborate. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 55

56 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 56