و ﻢﻴهﺎﻔﻡ :ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا یﺎﻬﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳ لﻮﺻا 1

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1 سيستمهای اطلاعاتی :مفاهيم و اصول

2 Convert هدف اصلی سيستمهای اطلاعاتی Data Information Knowledge The knowledge is then used by professionals and managers to build A strategic and competitive advantage for the company.

3 داده = DATA Data = numeric or verbal description of things, events, activities, transactions Data can be Numeric 23 Alphanumeric 2UED559 Graphics graphs, images Sound Data base = stored data items organized for retrieval

4 اطلاعات Information = data organized so it has meaning and value to the recipient Processing data in an application program adds more value than just retrieving data Excel spreadsheet, inventory management, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

5 دانش Knowledge = information organized to convey understanding experience accumulated learning expertise Want to retain both explicit and implicit organizational knowledge, Explicit knowledge in procedures manuals, Implicit knowledge in people s heads

6 داده اطلاعات و دانش Terms are used interchangeably but shouldn t be All three are inputs to information systems Example: Payroll data Payroll summaries Salary scale knowledge

7 انواع طبقه بندی در سیستمهای اطلاعاتی KIND OF SYSTEM GROUPS SERVED STRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR MANAGERS MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE MANAGERS KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE & DATA WORKERS OPERATIONAL LEVEL OPERATIONAL MANAGERS SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN MARKETING RESOURCES

8 انواع اصلی سيستمهای اطلاعاتی EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS) MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS) DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS) KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS) OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS) TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS) *

9 انواع سیستمهای اطلاعاتی Executive Support Systems (ESS) 5-year Sales trend forecasting Strategic-Level Systems 5-year Operating plan 5-year Budget forecasting Profit planning Manpower planning Management-Level Systems Management Info Systems (MIS) Decision Support Systems (DSS) Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) Office Automation System (OAS) Sales Management Sales region analysis Engineering w/s Word Processing Inventory control Production scheduling Annual Budgeting Cost analysis Knowledge-Level Systems Graphics w/s Document Imaging Capital Investment Analysis Pricing/Profit analysis Managerial w/s Electronic calendars Relocation Analysis Contract Cost anal. Transaction Processing System (TPS) Order tracking Order proc. Machine control Plant scheduling Material movement Organization-level Systems Securities Trading Cash management Payroll Accounts payable Accounts receivable Compensation Training Employee Record Sales & Marketing Manufacturing Finance Accounting Human Resources

10 TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS) OPERATIONAL LEVEL INPUTS: TRANSACTIONS, EVENTS PROCESSING: UPDATING OUTPUTS: DETAILED REPORTS USERS: OPERATIONS PERSONNEL EXAMPLE: Warehouse Records

11 مثالهایی از TPS Manufacturing & Production Systems MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS: Scheduling; Purchasing; Shipping / Receiving; Engineering; Operations MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS: Materials Resource Planning Systems; Purchase Order Control Systems; Engineering Systems; Quality Control Systems *

12 مثالهایی از TPS Sales & Marketing Systems MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS: Sales Management; Market Research; Promotion; Pricing; New Products MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS: Sales Order Info System; Market Research System; Pricing System *

13 مثالهایی از TPS Finance & Accounting Systems MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS: Budgeting; General Ledger; Billing: Cost Accounting MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS: General Ledger; Accounts Receivable / Payable; Budgeting; Funds Management Systems *

14 مثالهایی از TPS Human Resources Systems MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS: Personnel Records; Benefits; Compensation; Labor Relations; Training MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS: Payroll; Employee Records; Benefit Systems; Career Path Systems; Personnel Training Systems *

15 مثالهایی از TPS Other Types (e.g., University) MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS: Admissions; Grade Records; Course Records; Alumni MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS: Registration System; Student Transcript System; Curriculum Class Control System; Alumni Benefactor System *