Network Management Functions - Accounting. Network Management

Transcription

1 Network Management Functions - Accounting Network Management 1

2 Lectures Schedule Week Week 1 Topic Computer Networks - Network Management Architectures & Applications Week 2 Network Management Standards Architectures & Applications Week 3 Simple Network Management Protocol - SNMP v1, ASN, MIB, BER Week 4 Network Management Functions - Fault Week 5 Simple Network Management Protocol - SNMP v2 - Configuration Week 6 Network Management Functions - Accounting Week 7 Midterm Week 8 Simple Network Management Protocol - SNMP v3 - Performance Week 9 Network Management Functions Security Week 10 Remote Network Monitoring RMON 1, SLA Week 11 Remote Network Monitoring RMON 2 Week 12 Management Tools, Systems and Applications Week 13 NM Project Presentations Week 14 NM Project Presentations Week 15 NM Project Presentations 2

3 References Perkins, D.T., RMON: Remote Monitoring of SNMP-Managed LANs, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Stalling, W., SNMP, SNMPv2, and CMIP: The Practical Guide to Network Management Standards, Addison-Wesley, Reading Massachusetts, Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1), ISO 8824,.

4 References Enter the World of TMN, IEEE Communications Magazine (Special Issue), Vol. 33, No. 3,. Gruber J.J., Transmission Performance Of Evolving Telecommunications Networks, Artech House, Boston-London, 4

5 Network Management OSI NM Architecture and Model Manager Organization Model Agent Object Information Model Communication Model Structure of Management Information (SMI) Management Information Base (MIB) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Configuration Management (CM) Fault Management (FM) Functional Model Performance Management (PM) Security Management (SM) Accounting Management (AM) 5

6 Overview Accounting Management is the process of Gathering data about the utilisation of network resources Setting usage quotas using metrics Billing users for their use of the network Using collected network statistics to assist in resource allocation 6

7 Accounting Management identifying consumers and suppliers of network resources mapping network resources to customer identity charge back volumetric data time data date time of day 7

8 Accounting Network Management, Functions Cont. Track network usage (no abuse of privileges) Monitor operating costs 8

9 Network Management Functions Corporate Network Management Administration Mgmt Capacity Mgmt Provisioning Mgmt Accounting Mgmt Performance Mgmt Configuration Mgmt Fault Mgmt Security Mgmt Traffic Usage Recording Billing Cost Management 9

10 Cost Management Control of continually escalating costs Network management staff systems management end-user support WAN circuits Hardware client computers network devices Application Software 10

11 Accounting Management Measuring the usage of network resources in order to distribute costs and resources E.g., monitoring the use of a server by users in a specific department and charging the department accordingly 11

12 Benefits of the Accounting Management Process Enables the measurement and reporting of billing information for individuals and groups This information can be used to Bill those users Allocate resources Compute the cost of transmitting data across the network Billing users is essential in recovering costs of building and maintaining network 12

13 Benefits of the Accounting Management Process Accounting management assists in ensuring that distribution of charges is fair Quotas and metrics can be used to ensure users have sufficient resources to do jobs Usage information can be used to Decide when to install new equipment Allocate time on a time share computer Determine the cost-effectiveness of technologies 13

14 Accomplishing Accounting Management Accounting Management consists of the following steps Gathering data about the utilisation of network resources Setting usage quotas using metrics Billing users for their use of the network Using collected network statistics to assist in resource allocation 14

15 Gathering Data Time frame for data collection will depend upon storage capacity of devices Information to be gathered includes Number of total transactions Total number of bytes or packets sent and received This data can be collected by Querying activity logs on individual hosts Gathering traffic counters off bridges, switches or routers 15

16 Setting Usage Quotas Using Metrics Metrics can be used to Learn to what extent users network resources As part of Accounting management you need to Decide which resources to measure Collect metrics about their use RFC 1272 discusses metrics and setting quotas Metrics work with quotas to help ensure each user gets a fair share of network resources Going over quota could be used to deny access to a resource Increase bill if over quota 16

17 Billing Users for Their Use of the Network Users are often billed for One-time installations and monthly fees Accounting management NOT required Fee based on amount of resources used Requires stats on user network installation The following criteria can be used individually or in combination Total number of transactions Total packets Total bytes 17

18 Billing Users for Their Use of the Network Total number of transactions data can be used to Determine number of logins to compute server Connections made from cluster controller s sent Remote login sessions established This data cannot differentiate between large and small VOLUMES 18

19 Billing Users for Their Use of the Network Total packets data can be used to Reflects network usage Applications that send small packets are billed at a higher rate than those that send LARGE packets 19

20 Billing Users for Their Use of the Network Total bytes Overcomes many drawbacks of first two methods Generally users are billed for data received from the network Drawbacks may include Users are billed for acknowledgement packets Unsolicited data adds to the users bill Users may be billed for management data These drawbacks can be negated by using statistical analysis to subtract known data quantities from bill 20

21 Accounting Management on a Network Management System Simple tool Monitor for metrics that exceed quotas Report ONLY that data Store data and calculate quotas More complex tool Enable network engineer to perform billing and determine WHERE to poll for billing Advanced tool Should be able to forecast need for network resources Assist in metric establishment Help users predict their billing costs 21

22 Reporting Accounting Information Can be in the form of Real-time messages Current value of a metric Text reports Historical accounting and billing information Network statistics Trend predictions Reports for users (Bills) 22

23 Accounting Management Sub-categories Gather Network Device Utilization Data Measure usage of resources by cost center Set quotas to enable fair use of resources Site metering to track adherence to software licensing Bill Users of Network Resources Set charges based on usage. Measure one of the following Number of transactions Number of packets Number of bytes Set charges on direction of information flow Use and Accounting Management Tools Query usage database to measure statistics versus quotas Define network billing domains Implement automatic billing based on usage by users in the domain Enable billing predictions Enable user selection of billing domains on the network map Reporting Create historical billings trends Automatic distribution of billing to Cost Centers Project future billings by cost center 23

24 Conclusions Data gathering Metrics Billing 24