Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates by Marble Powder in Cement concrete Pavements

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1 International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering & Science (IJTIMES) Impact Factor: 5.22 (SJIF-17), e-issn: Volume 4, Issue 7, July-18 Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates by Marble Powder in Cement concrete Pavements Mohammad Aaqib Khan 1, Prof. (Dr.) M.Raisinghani 2, Mr. Ramoo Ram 3 2 M.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, VGU Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 2 Vice Chancellor, VGU Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 3 Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, VGU Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Abstract The solid waste coming out from the industries will help in the conservation of natural resources. The marble powder as a waste material coming out from the marble industries by cutting and sawing process and can be used as the partial replacement of fine aggregates in concrete pavements. Marble powder is present abundantly and degrades the land on which it is laid. This paper reports the evaluation on the properties of marble dust. The marble dust used as fine aggregate in replacement of natural sand, as the sand is expensive because of the excessive cost of transportation from natural sources. Marble powder also has cementitious properties and may help in binding the aggregates. The marble powder can improve various properties of concrete viz; compressive strength, flexural strength and reduces the water cement ratio. Marble powder is used at different percentages like 10%, %, 30%, 40% & 50% and are tested after 7, 14, and 28 days. The are then compared with conventional concrete. Keywords Solid waste, fine aggregates, compressive & flexural strength, conventional concrete. I. INTRODUCTION In developing countries economical construction material plays very important role in making the country`s infrastructure economical. Waste material like marble dust play very important role for making its economical. India is producing about 10% of world production of marble. Marble is a metamorphic rock resulting from the transformation of pure limestone. A large quantity of marble dust is produced by cutting or sawing process of marble. The marble powder which is taken from the BHAGWATI MARBLES VKI ROAD, JAIPUR and is free of cost and they takes the marble rocks from district Makrana, Rajpur, Rajnagar and Jaipur Rajasthan. The name of the marble is given on the basis of village name. The amount of marble dust produced at Bhagwati Marbles tonnes per month. The marble dust which is produced by the cutting of marble stones, during the cutting process the water is added which acts as the lubricant for the sawing blades (FIG 1). The water is then drained off from the cutting spot and the water along with the marble powder in the form of slurry is accumulated in rectangular type basin in which the sedimentation of marble powder occurs and the water which gets evaporated. The marble powder heaps are formed. (Fig 2). Figure 1 cutting of marble. IJTIMES-18@All rights reserved 935

2 Figure 2 Heaps of Marble Powder II. Materials a. Marble powder: - Marble powder is collected from the BHAGWATI MARBLES VKI ROAD, JAIPUR. Marble powder is used as the partial replacement of fine aggregates and is for the construction of the concrete road pavements. b. Natural sand:- the natural sand which is having size less than 4.75mm IS- sieve, natural sand having specific gravity 2.36, and is taken from the Banas River, Tonk, Jaipur, Rajasthan. (Fig 3) c. Cement:- The cement 0f 43 grade OPC of IS: having specific gravity 3.15 is used. d. Graded coarse aggregate:- coarse aggregates having size more than 4.75 and less than mm as per IS: IS: are used. Figure 3 coarse aggregates III. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME A. MIX DESIGN Mix design for M grade of concrete as per IS: ; where M=mix; and =characteristics compressive strength of concrete and mixing ratio is 1:1.53:3.15 with water cement ratio of 0.52 TABLE I MIX PROPORTION S.NO Description Kg/m 3 1 Cement Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate Water Water cement ratio 0.52 IJTIMES-18@All rights reserved 936

3 B. SIEVE ANALYSIS This test is done as per IS In this test particle size distribution is evaluated. Sand Passing through 4.75 mm sieve Type of Sieve analysis: Dry Total weight of sand =0g Weight of dish = 2888g IS Sieve Opening, mm,µ Weight of Dish, g Weight of Dish + Sand retained (g) TABLE II GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS OF SAND Weight of Sand Retained (g) Cumulative wt. Retained (g) Cumulative % Retained % of passing Pan TOTAL Therefore fineness modulus of aggregate=cumulative %retained/ 100=285.5/100=2.825 It means that the average value of aggregates is in between the 2nd and 3rd sieve that is average size is in between 0.3mm to 0.15 mm Sieve analysis of Marble powder:- Type of Sieve analysis: Dry Total weight of marble powder = 500g, Weight of dish = 3188g IS Sieve Opening, mm,µ TABLE 3 GRAIN SIZE ANALYSES of Marble Powder Weight of Weight of Weight of Cumulative Cumulative % dish, (g) dish +marble marble dust wt. retained dust retained (g) retained(g) Retained(g) µ µ µ Pan Total 287 % of passing Therefore the fineness modulus of marble powder is = (cumulative % retained) / 100= 287/100=2.87. Therefore this value indicates that the average value of aggregates is in between 2nd and 3rd sieve that is average aggregate size lie between 300µ and 600µ. IJTIMES-18@All rights reserved 937

4 % of passing of marble powder % of passing of sand pan Graph 1 Gradation of fine aggregates C. SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF MARBLE POWDER This test is done as per IS: 2386 part 3 and is used to determine the density of fine aggregate. Take the sample of sand 500gms and place it in the oven for 24 hours. Weight of empty pycnometer=m 1 = 624grams Weight of pycnometer + Marble powder = M 2 =624+0=824grams. Weight of pycnometer + water + Marble powder= M 3 = 1648grams. Weight of water + pycnometer= M 4 = 15grams Specific gravity = M2 M1 M2 M1 (M3 M4) = /( )( ) =2.77 D. WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE This test is done as per IS This test is used to determine the consistency of fresh concrete. Indirectly used to checking the correct amount of water that has been added to the concrete. Table 4 Workability of Concrete S.No. Name of the test % of marble powder Slump(mm) 1 Slump test The above table 4 indicates the workability of the concrete by using slump test having water cement ratio The table indicates the slump value of concrete, as the percentage of marble powder is increased beyond 30% the slump value decreases. To maintain the slump value as per IS water is added to the concrete mix and maintaining the water cement ratio IJTIMES-18@All rights reserved 938

5 E. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE This test is done as per IS: [19]. This test gives the idea about the strength of the concrete. The strength of the concrete depends upon the mix design of the concrete. In this research M M means mix and means strength of N/mm2 at 28 days design mix has been used. Compressive strength of concrete depends upon the many factors such as water-cement ratio, cement strength, quality of concrete material, and quality control during production of concrete etc.4 Compressive strength is carried out on cubes having size 15cm x 15cm x 15cm as per IS: APPARATUS REQUIRED: Compression testing machine (00KN) Cubes of size 15cm x 15cm x 15cm Curing tank Balance (0-10 Kg) Concrete mixer Table vibrators CALCULATION Compressive strength (kg/cm2) = P / A Where P = Maximum applied load just before load, (kg) A = Plan area of cube mould, (mm2) Table 5 compressive strength of concrete S. no. Name of the test Percentage of marble Compressive strength after 7 days Results Avg Compressive strength after 14 days Results Avg Compressive strength after 28 days Results Avg Compressive strength IJTIMES-18@All rights reserved 939

6 Compressive Strngth (N/mm 2 ) Compressive Strength Amount of Marble Powder (MP) added (%) Graph 2: Graph between percentage of MP added & compressive strength compressive strength after 7 days of curing compressive strength after 14 days of curing compressive strength after 28 days of curing The above graph (2) indicates the compressive strength of concrete having the partial replacement of fine aggregate with marble powder at different proportions. When the percentage of marble powder is increased the compressive strength gets increased up to certain limits (40%) as shown above. The above graph shows the compressive strength of the concrete at 7 days. It can be clearly seen that there is an increase in compressive strength, when there is increase in marble powder. Up to 40% of marble powder when increased, compressive strength also increase but when the addition of marble powder the compressive strength decreases. Similarly compressive strength at 14 and 28 days gets increased up to 40% replacement of fine aggregate with marble powder. From the above graphs it is clearly defined as the marble powder up to 40% can be used as the fine aggregate and give the good strength to the concrete. F. Flexural strength of concrete This test is done as per IS: [12]. This test is used to determine the flexural strength of concrete usually done when the road slab having weak sub-grade support and is subjected to vehicle loads or there is change in volume due to temperature. APPARATUS REQUIRED Beam mould: the size of the beam mould depends upon the size of the aggregate i,e beam mould size 15*15*70 cm when the size of the aggregate is less than 38mm but more than mm and beam mould size 10*10*50 cm when the aggregate size is less than 19 mm IJTIMES-18@All rights reserved 940

7 Tamping bar. Plane table vibrator. Flexural testing machine: the flexural testing machine having capacity of 400KN. The testing machine consists of two steel rollers (38mm diameter) on which the beam specimen is supported, the centre to centre distance between the rollers is 60 cm for 15 cm mould and 40 cm for 10 cm mould. Three points loading is done and the loading is equally distributed between the rollers.(fig.) Figure 4 Flexural Testing Machine Table 6 Flexural strength of concrete S.No. Name of the test % of marble Flexural strength after 7 days Average Results result Flexural strength after 14 days Average Flexural strength after 28 days Average Flexural strength test IJTIMES-18@All rights reserved 941

8 Flexural Strength (N/mm 2 ) International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering & Science (IJTIMES) Flexural Strength Amount of Marble Powder (MP) added (%) Graph 3 : Graph between percentage of MP added & compressive strength flexural strength after 7 days of curing flexural strength after 28 days of curing flexural strength after 28 days of curing2 The bar chart shows the flexural strength of concrete in three distinct days that is at 7 days, 14 days, and 28 day and at different percentages 0f marble powder i.e. 0%, 10%,%,30%,40%, and 50%. This shows that at 0% of marble the flexural strength after 7 days of curing is 2.17N/mm2, after 14 days it is 2.95N/mm2 and after 28 days of cuing the flexural strength is 3.16N/mm2. When the percentage of the marble powder is increased the flexural strength gets increased. Up to 40% of marble, the concrete beam gives good flexural strength. But when the percentage of marble powder is further increased the flexural strength gets decreased that is when fine aggregates are replaced by 40% of marble powder the flexural strength is 3.78N/mm2 and gets decreased when marble powder is used beyond 40% and having flexural strength at 28 days of curing of 3.N/mm 2. IV. CONCLUSIONS The uniformity in the gradation of particles of natural sand and marble powder, the marble powder can be used as the replacement of fine aggregates (natural sand). The compressive strength of the concrete gets increased as the percentage of marble powder is increased; the compressive strength of conventional concrete is 24N/mm 2 after 28 days of curing. When fine aggregates are partially replaced by marble powder at different proportions that is 10%, %, 30%, 40%, and 50% the compressive strength gets increased up to 40%. Further increase in the marble powder leads to decrease in strength. For 40% replacement of fine aggregate the compressive strength is 28.66N/mm 2. The flexural strength of the concrete also increases when the fine aggregate is partially replaced by marble powder. The flexural strength of conventional concrete is 3.16N/mm 2 after 28 days, when fine aggregates are replaced up to 40% the strength increase. Further increase in marble powder will affect the flexural strength. With the use of marble powder there is reduction in the land degradation, due to this there is reduction in the environmental pollution. REFERENCES [1] Aaquib Sultan Mir, A Study on Strength Properties of Rigid Pavements Concrete with Use Of Steel Fibres And Marble Dust. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Haryana, June 16. [2] Baboo rai, khan, naushed H, Abhis, Tabin Rushad S,Duggal s.k, Influence of Marble Powder/Granules in concrete mix international journal of Civil and Structural Engineering,vol 1,no 4,11. IJTIMES-18@All rights reserved 942

9 [3] Bahar Demirel, The effect of using waste Marble Dust as fine sand on mechanical properties of concrete international journal of physical science, pp vol [4] Bhupendra Singh Kalchuri, Dr. Rajeev Chandak, R.K.Yadav, Study On Concrete Using Marble Powder Waste As Partial Replacement Of Sand. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 5, pp April 15. [5] Concrete Technology M.S.Shetty. Design Of Concrete Mixes- N.Krishna Raju. [6] Domke P. V., Improvement in the strength of concrete by using industrial and agricultural waste. IOSR Journal of Engineering, Vol. 2(4), Pages April 12. [7] IS , Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. [8] IS : Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. [9] IS: :Specification For Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural source for Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. [10] Satish Kumar, Et Al. Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Marble Dust in Concrete.Hydrabad.Anveshana s International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 17. [11] IS: Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. [12] IS: , Indian standard of ordinary Portland cement, 43 grade specification (second revision). [13] IS: Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. IJTIMES-18@All rights reserved 943