MSc in Energy BUILDING ENERGY MANAGEMENT

Transcription

1 MSc in Energy BUILDING ENERGY MANAGEMENT Assignment Project 1 T I T L E Y O U R C O V E R P A G E C A N B E A S C R E A T I V E A S Y O U W I S H Date

2 Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Audited building Construction Heating system Cooling & other E/M installations etc 3. Heating power demand 6 4. Energy consumption Bills Calculations Actual vs Calculated 5 Maintenance & Refurbishment 6 Tax adds fuel to fire 7 Conclusions References 10 Appendix A Title... Appendix B Title Appendix C Title... Appendix D Title Appendix E Title... Appendix F Title Appendix G Title...

3 1 Introduction The aim of this assignment is a short energy audit of an existing building.. The study includes.. The available information and results reveal that the energy performance of the building... This example report is to be used as a general template. It is not a complete report in any sense, although some parts may appear to relate to your assignment. It does not include the contents for your entire assignment; it simply provides some initial ideas on the structure and some tips for the general layout. However, take the time to read through it. In some parts, the use of English or technical language is not relevant. As a reminder, you should submit your report in English, in a single file both electronically ( /cdrom) & as a hard copy at the secretariat s office. The text should be typed using a font size 12 pt and the number of pages of the main report (without the Appendices) should not exceed 10 pages (otherwise your grade will be penalized). Follow the guidelines of a technical report structure (cover page, contents, introduction, main contents using proper section headings, conclusions, references, appendices). Include in Appendices any calculations, detailed drawings, draft notes or computer results (e.g. Excel sheets or other software output), technical specifications or brochures etc., in order to support any results or conclusions presented in the main body of the report. Don t forget to cross reference the main body of the report to the Appendices. Carefully quote references. Elaborate and substantiate results (simple observations are NOT sufficient). 2. Audited building The building is a detached house or an apartment building and consists of.. say a few words. Construction year, brief overview of the location and the microclimate, floor area Alternatively you can use something like Table 2.1 to summarize the main characteristics of the audited building and cut down on the text. You can be creative with the table layout as shown in Table 2.2. Always refer in your text to the specific Table and Figure numbers. Country Area Location Address Type of residence Table 2.1 Title Greece Municipality of saronikou Saronida.. 2-storey house with basement and garden-semi detached Construction year 2005 Use Country house Electrical Grid connection 2005 Central heating installation 2005 Solar water heater installation 2005 Climate Zone B There are 14 apartments, 3 per typical floor, one on the roof and one on the ground floor. Each apartment is populated by 2-3 persons and each typical floor is populated by 7 persons. The total population of the building is persons. The use of the building is the average use of a Greek residential building. -1-

4 Table 2.2a Title Basic dimensions Total height 21 m Typical floor height (internal height) 2.80 m Total floor height 3 m Typical floor heated area 250 m 2 Total heated area 1245 m 2 Total area (including the 2 basements) 1445 m 2 Typical floor heated volume 750 m 3 Total heated volume 3735 m 3 Table 2.2b Title -2-

5 More information about the audited building including pictures and floor plans with main dimensions, are presented in Appendix A. Always refer to the specific appendix number so that the reader can follow, if necessary. 2.1 Construction The main construction of the building. Load bearing structure, opaque and transparent elements Table 2.3 summarizes the main geometric characteristics and thermal properties of the thermal envelope. You can summarize and present the information so that all necessary data that you will need for your follow up calculations are available. The relative supporting detailed analysis and calculations for the corresponding areas and U- values based on available information from (TOTEE 2010) are presented in Appendix B. Table 2.3 Title Vertical Parts Area m 2 U-value U A Walls Area Double glazed doors/windows area Wooden doors area Reinforced concrete Area Σ(AxU) vertical parts Horizontal parts Area m 2 U-value AxU Flat roof insulated Area Flat roof non-insulated Area Floor Σ(UA) horizontal parts Σ(UA) The tabulated data should be supported with some brief text for coherence. The detailed dimensions and calculated areas of all the building elements are presented in Appendix B. 2.2 Heating System The building is heated by a central heating system with a boiler of kcal/h or 186kW. Provide a brief description of the heating installation (generation, distribution, emission), controls, etc. The details are presented in Appendix C. The main components and operating characteristics are as follows or summarize like in Table

6 a) Type: Oil boiler (brand Tasso), Burner (Brand Bentone) b) Power: 40,000 kcal / h or kw c) Pumps: 80 W X 6 d) Oil Tank: Metallic structure Maximum capacity: Two (2) tones e) Operating hours: 6 hours per day during a period of 6 months per year (from November to April). Table 2.4 Title 2.3 Cooling & other E/M installations The building is naturally ventilated. Local split unit heat pumps are used for cooling. Tabulate a summary of all relevant information and ensure that you add the appropriate text for coherence. The detailed technical characteristics are available in Appendix D. A total of 7 solar collectors (total area 21m 2 ) are installed on the roof for domestic hot water. Include any technical specifications, if available and necessary, in an Appendix. A 6 person hydraulic elevator serves the entire building. Again, the technical details may be included in an Appendix. The above sections are for illustration purposes. They do not constitute a recommendation. Make sure that you properly organize and present all relevant data and other information that you have collected during the audit. Accordingly, you may use as many sections as you wish to organize your report accordingly. -4-

7 3. Heating Power Demand To address some of the questions in your assignment, you will need to perform calculations. In this case, include in the main body of your report one complete calculation. In the event that are repetitive calculations, you should include all the detailed calculations in Appendix XY. The heating power demand is calculated using the following expression, A x B = C Where, A =.. (units), B = (units), C = (units). The corresponding values for all the parameters should either be available from the audit or calculated/specified in a previous section. In the event that additional detailed calculations are necessary, then include them in Appendix XY. Make any necessary assumptions to complete your calculations and justify them accordingly. Compare against the installed power of the central heating system. Look at the difference and elaborate. What are the consequences of an oversized or an undersized system? How could one improve the accuracy of the calculations? These may be some issues you should consider to address in your discussion. 4. Energy consumption Estimate the average annual thermal & electrical energy consumption per unit floor area of the entire building. Use a) the energy bills; b) the method presented in class for calculating the energy consumption for heating and estimate the electrical energy consumption for the other final end-uses (i.e. cooling, DHW, cooking, major appliances etc). Discuss & comment on the results; compare the building s energy consumption against national average values of Hellenic buildings. The available energy bills should be included in Appendix E, along with relevant calculations. For the various energy consuming appliances, organize your findings and detailed calculations as in Appendix F. In the main body of the report, include an overview of the available data and key findings. The main body of the report continues to p

8 7. Conclusions State your clear conclusions.this section is very important, since many readers may concentrate only on this part of the report. It should summarize the main findings and significance of the work as clearly and concisely as possible. 8. References Ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). You may use one of the following reference styles. Reference style 1 Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given. Example: "... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result..." List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text. Examples: Reference to a journal publication: [1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2000) Reference to a book: [2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, third ed., Macmillan, New York, Reference to a chapter in an edited book: [3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 1999, pp Reference style 2 The author-date method. In the text, cite a source by enclosing the author s name and the date (year) of publication in parentheses. EXAMPLE:... the U-values are derived from the national regulation (KENAK 2010); however,... Two authors names may be included; for three or more, use et al. after the first author s name. EXAMPLE:... a feeling of thermal comfort may be associated with phenomena other than thermal conditions alone (Winakor and Foster 2008; Woods et al. 2012). In situations where there are references to more than one publication by the same author or group of authors with the same date, differentiate between the works by adding a, b, etc. after the date. EXAMPLE: as cited in previous studies (Carey et al. 2001a, 2001b). If the author is an organization, use its acronym. EXAMPLE: (ASHRAE 2002) Web references As a minimum, a descriptive title and the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. -10-

9 Appendix A Title Appendices include supporting data, sample calculations, derivations of complicated parameters/data, and detailed presentations of installations and systems. OR Floor plans or simple drawing -11-

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11 Appendix B Title Include details on building envelope construction and organize your presentation in a way that it is possible to derive all the necessary data for your calculations. Depending on the available information, you can proceed with detailed calculations (document an example) or make any necessary assumptions to substantiate them. The U-values of the various building components are calculated as follows: where is the thermal resistance between the interior environment and the interior surface of the building element in m 2.K/W is the thermal resistance between the external environment and the external surface of the building element in m 2.K/W is the thickness of each material in m is the thermal conductivity of each material in W/ m.k Wall Type 1 a/a Material Name Material Thickness d (m) Materials' Thermal Conductivity λ (W/ m.k) Material Thermal Resistance R (m 2.K/W) 1 Lime Cast ,047 2 Bricks ,133 3 Extruded Polystyrene (Insulator) Bricks Lime Cast Uvalue: (W/m2K) -13-

12 Appendix C Title Include details for the heating generation distribution and emission system in a way that it is possible to document the presentation included in the main body of the report. Boiler -14-

13 Appendix D Title Solar water heater & storage tank (with electric resistance) etc Hydraulic elevator etc -12-

14 Appendix E Title Include the bills that document the actual energy consumption (electricity, heating oil etc). Show all your detailed calculations to derive the actual energy consumption. Ensure that the captions pictures are readable Electricity Apartments etc Electricity common use spaces Add any detailed calculations. -13-

15 Heating oil Calculations.. etc Natural gas Calculations.. etc -14-

16 Appendix F Title. Depending on the available information, you can present your methodology, state your assumptions, document a detailed calculation (as an example) and tabulate the results. etc -15-

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