ISB 020 Design and Detail of Reinforced Hollow Clay Masonry

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Lynn Walters
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1 ISB 020 Design and Detail of Reinforced Hollow Clay Masonry Interstate Brick H C Muddox Jeff Elder, SE, LEED AP General Sales Mgr

2 Objectives Hollow Clay Masonry Units - Manufacturing. Environmental practices. Wall Systems using Structural Brick. Structural Brick Detailing Detailing for moisture and energy.

3 The raw material for brick is clay

4 Responsible Mining includes Harvesting and Reclamation

5 Scrubbed Gases are Treated to Tertiary Standards Exhaust Gases are Scrubbed

6 Extruded not Pressed Add Center Slot

7 Extruded - Faster & Cheaper If it can be extruded it will cost less in the wall!

8 Slots Facilitate Design Syracuse H.S., NY - Patterns using 1-slot, 3-slot, 5-slot

9 Slots Facilitate Design Walker Jones Library Washington DC

10 Veneer vs. Structural Brick

11 Specifications ASTM C Veneer ASTM C-652- Structural Larger cores permit reinforcing and grout Core vs. Cell - FBX vs. HBX

12 Specifications ASTM C652 Similar to ASTM C216 Extruded Coring > 25% Void < 60% Void Burned at 1900 to 2100 deg F Cold Water Absorptions < 8% C/B ratio < 0.78 Compressive Strengths > 6000 psi Durability = SW (Severe Weather) Dimensional Tolerances Same as Veneer HBS, HBX

13 Structural Sizes 8 & 12 Lengths 16 Lengths

14 Structural Sizes Widths 4, 6 8 & 10 Heights 3, 4, 6 Limited 8

15 Structural Sizes to Match Veneers Allows Integration with Veneers

16 Colors: Wide Variety Whites Grays Buffs Browns Pinks Reds Blacks Stones Color Affects Strength

17 Fire Resistance Ratings 4-1 hr 6 3 hr 8 4 hr

18 Sound Transmission Represents Loss through wall in decibels STC Hollow 4 41 db 6 45 db 8 50 db STC Solid 4 45 db 6 51 db 8 60 db Audability Threshold 5 Rustling Leaves 20 Average Conversation 50 Noisy Classroom Thunder (Threshold of Pain)

19 R-Value and DewPoint Analysis

20 R-Value and DewPoint Analysis

21 Why Structural Brick? Greater Design flexibility Less Detailed easier to design Smaller Walls and Beams structure and beauty Lower Building Costs Greater Strength Advantages of Brick and Steel compression and tension Fire Resistance Mold Resistant Thermal Resistant Same Look as Veneer

22 Strengths Determined by Unit Strength Prism Strength F m = (Strength of Masonry) Design Minimums 3000 psi for Structural Clay Brick 1500 psi for Concrete Masonry Units (CMU)

23 Mortar Type S Above Grade Easier to clean less cement Portland Cement 1:1/2:4-1/2 Mortar Cements Masonry Cements with Tests No Masonry Cements not predictable Type M Below Grade, Mines High Cement content Integral Water Repellents Dry Brick not needed

24 Reinforcing Joint Reinforcing Truss Type 16 o.c Continuous Corners Primary Reinforcing Rebar max bar size = width Embeds Laps reduced by F m Epoxy coat in severe environments

25 Bond Beam Unit Notched Tapped Laid Grouted

26 Lintel Beams Plated Bottom Soldier Solid Bottom Varied Heights

27 Grout Consolidated Proportions 8 to 11 slump 1 Part Cement 3 Parts Sand 2 Parts Pea Gravel Grout Aid volume expander Assume solid grouted if reinforcing is less than 24 o.c. Integral Water Repellent Admix Dry Block Helps with efflorescence, flow and wicking of water Grout Stop nylon, paper below bond beams

28 Grout Self Consolidating Grout Proportions by test 1 Part Cement 3 Parts Sand 2 Parts Pea Gravel Euclid Eucon 1037 or Master Builder Glenium 3200 HES Plastisizer Slump Flow (puddle) 22 to 30 inches Visual Stability Index No Free Water No segregation in Center of puddle

29 Structural Brick Warehouses Churches Schools Offices Condos Public Hotels Retail Can be used everywhere veneer brick are used!

30 Structural Brick Wall Systems Load Bearing Shear Wall System Curtain Wall System Dual Framing System Prefabricated Curtain Wall System

31 Load Bearing Walls Supports Vertical and Lateral Loads Fire Walls Sound Partitions Optional Interior Finish

32 Multi-Story Load Bearing Slab on Wall 17 Story 8x4x12 Little America Hotel, SLC Designed in Seismic Category D

33 Special Structures Monmouth University, NJ - 8x4x16

34 Miscellaneous Details Exposed Exterior Exposed Interior

35 Tall Walls South Valley Treatment Plant, UT

36 Essential Facilities

37 Schools Minimal Maintenance NO VOC Coatings

38 Warehouse

39 High Maintenance Interiors 32 ft - 8x4x16 - Slender Walls h/t > 30 Durable Surfaces Low Maintenance

40 Curtain Wall Reinforced Structural Brick Closed cell Insulation Floor Slab Light Gage Steel Studs

41 Curtain Wall 6x4x16, 4x4x16 17 story no steel erectors no concrete form-work No Scaffolding saved $192,000 No Shelf Angles Hollow Core Planks CMU Interior Brg Walls One Story Per Week $895,000 Overall Savings Brick Costs - $425,000

42 Curtain Wall 6x4x16 Glass Curtain Wall Cleveland 14 Story No Scaffolding No Shelf Angles Glass first floor Hampton Inn, OH

43 Curtain Wall 6x4x16 7 Story Harrah s Casino, MS

44 Curtain Wall 6x4x16 7-Story 6 at base, 4 at floors 2-7, Post tension slab

45 Curtain Wall

46 Curtain Wall Butler Building - 4x4x16 Structural Brick

47 Structural Veneer US Federal Courthouse 8 Atlas Covington, KY

48 Structural Veneer Federal Courts Kentucky 7 Story 6x4x16 Some Brg Walls

49 Structural Veneer 6x4x16 7 Story Some Brg Walls Raleigh Courts, NC

50 Prefabricated Panels Hung From Structural Frame Controlled Construction Economic Repetitive Elements Independent Structure and Wall Construction No Back Up Required