DESIGN OF MULTILEVEL CAR PARKING BUILDING

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_11_111 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed DESIGN OF MULTILEVEL CAR PARKING BUILDING Dr. S. Mahendran, K. Sivasubramanian and M. Ashok Pandiyan Department Of Civil Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT A building which reduces the space for parking and also accommodates a large number of vehicles. The study presents the design of a multi-level car parking for the mitigation of traffic challenges in public areas. The area of the building is 6800 m2. The building is connected at one level and the levels of other floors are different. All floors are designed to accommodate 50 vehicles. The automatic car parking system enables the parking of vehicles floor after floor and thus reducing the space used. These makes the system modernized and thus space-saving one. The plan for this building was prepared using Auto CAD software. The analysis of the frame was carried out for vertical and horizontal loads using STAAD.Pro software. The design has been done according to Indian standard code IS 456:2000. The structural elements like slab, beam, columns, footing, staircase and ramp has been designed and detailed. Keywords: Car Parking, CAD software and automatic car parking Cite this Article: Dr. S. Mahendran, K. Sivasubramanian and M. Ashok Pandiyan, Design of Multilevel Car Parking Building, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(11), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION The site is having a high load bearing capacity in order to carry the loads of the building. The foundation so designed transfers the loads evenly to the soil surface. The site is unequally levelled and hence levelling is done first. The soil is having a good bearing capacity and hence more than 7 storeys can be constructed in this site. The site lies in the heart of the city and can be well identified in the heavy traffic also. The plan and the location of the parking systems should be easy to find in the street network. A parking lot should obtain a large space enough to park a car in. The system should provide easy exit and re-enter. Instructions or guidelines should be provided to help editor@iaeme.com

2 Design of Multilevel Car Parking Building the drivers. The idea behind this work is to prepare a detailed plan of a Multi-Level Car Parking with provision for parking area in each floor (G+5 & G+4). The total area of the Parking system is 6800 m 2. All the important amenities for a Car Parking such as lift, waiting area and wash rooms have been included. The primary objective of this project is to learn the design philosophy of RC framed structures. The super structure of the building is made up of two different levels, only one floors of the adjacent buildings are connected with each other. Super structure is done with second class bricks with CM ratio of 1:5. The wall width is 230 mm and the height of wall in one storey is 3.6 m above the basement. 2. PLANNING The planning is done to accommodate a maximum number of cars in each floors. Each floor is properly ventilated and made fresh air to circulate into the floors. The plan is done considering fire safety and easy access to each floors. Fire safety is a serious concern for any multi-storeyed building. Hence it is proposed to have automatic fire hydrants with signal to ensure prompt action to put off fire. Fire buckets are also provided at convenient points. As per NBC a storage tank is provided for both the purpose of water supply as well as firefighting. Emergency exits are provided at sufficient points for easy exits. 3. ANALYSIS Frame of the building was created in the software by using the plan created using AutoCAD as reference. Support conditions were assigned. The member properties were assigned for beams and columns. The loading cases were given to slabs and beams. The concrete design of shear wall is done. The beams are designed as 250 x 500 mm. The columns are designed as 300 x 300 mm. For shear wall design, the surface thickness is provided as 300 mm. From the analysis results the bending moment and shear force diagrams are found as shown in figure.6 and 8 respectively Loadings The loads on the slab are considered to be uniformly distributed load. The beams are subjected to bending and develop bending stresses. The beams are designed for flexural resistance and are checked for safety against deflection. The structure has been completed and analysed. There is no error in the structure. The structure is loaded as shown in figure DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS 4.1. Design of Slabs The slab is designed as per IS 456:2000. The slab which has the maximum span has the maximum moment and hence the detailing result for such span can be used for all other spans as well. All the slabs are designed as two-way slab. The slab with maximum dimensions in our plan m x m, whose edge conditions are two adjacent edges discontinuous and two adjacent edge continuous. The slabs having the adjacent slabs are taken as continuous slab and the corner slab are taken as discontinuous slab. The slab marking is done according to edge condition as shown in figure. The load on the slab kn/m. the depth of the slab is assumed to be 300 mm. On calculating the positive and negative moments acting the slab the provided depth is sufficient to balance the moment acting on the slab editor@iaeme.com

3 Dr. S. Mahendran, K. Sivasubramanian and M. Ashok Pandiyan 4.2. Design of Beams Only one floor of the building is connected in one level, hence the mid beam between these two buildings is assumed to carry a maximum bending and that beam is designed according to IS 456:2000. From the analysis design of stadd.pro the ultimate moment carrying beam is considered and designed for the ultimate moment. The ultimate moment on the beam is knm. The assumed section of beam is 25 mm x 500 mm. The section is safe on bending Design of Columns Columns are the vertical members of a structure. The columns support the beams present in the building. The reactions of the beams are transferred as loads to the column. The loading for a column is given as an axial load. The column marking is done as shown in figure. The column which carries the maximum axial force was found out from the result of STAAD.Pro design (Beam number 218). It is enough to design this single column and replicate the same design to other columns of the building. The size of the column is 300 mm x 300 mm. The factored load on the column is kn. The column is designed as purely axial column Design of Footing Foundations are the structural members which transfer and distribute the load of the building to the ground. These structural components play an important role in the stability of the structure. The foundations are nothing but the extension and fixation of columns firmly into the ground. The loads for the foundations are nothing but the column loads (axial loads) in kn. The foundation is designed based on the safe bearing capacity of the soil present at the site of construction. In the design isolated sloped footing was adopted for supporting and anchoring our structure firmly to the ground. The size of the footing is provided as 3 m x 3 m as isolated footing. The depth of the footing is provided as 500 mm. the depth provided is safe in two-way shear and in bending Design of Ramp An inclined plane, also known as a ramp, is a flat supporting surface tilted at an angle, with one end higher than the other, used as an aid for raising or lowering a load. Inclined planes are widely used to move heavy loads over vertical obstacles; examples vary from a ramp used to load goods into a truck, to a person walking up a pedestrian ramp, to an automobile or railroad train climbing a grade. The angle of friction, also sometimes called the angle of repose, is the maximum angle at which a load can rest motionless on an inclined plane due to friction, without sliding down. This angle is equal to the arc tangent of the coefficient of static friction between the surfaces editor@iaeme.com

4 Design of Multilevel Car Parking Building 5. FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1 Top view of plan Figure 2 Ground floor plan editor@iaeme.com

5 Dr. S. Mahendran, K. Sivasubramanian and M. Ashok Pandiyan Figure 3 Other floor plan Figure 4 Geometry Figure 5 3D Rendered view Figure 6 Bending Moment Figure 7 Load combinations editor@iaeme.com

6 Design of Multilevel Car Parking Building Figure 8 Shear Force Figure 9 Analysis Results 6. CONCLUSION The multi-level car parking was designed as a complex building with G+5 and G+4 floors and analyzed, which gives a great knowledge about the designing components. The layout of the building was planned with reference of Codes to facilitate maximum utility. For emergency purpose separate dog-legged staircase is provide on back side of structure. Automatic car parking system could be done as the further improvement of the project. The moments acting on all the RC elements have been identified and the design is done to carry the moments acting on the structure. The various difficulties in designing the RC structure have been understood. REFERENCES [1] Bhavikatti, S.S. (2013) Structural analysis II, Vikas Publishing. [2] IS 456 : 2000, Indian Standards Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [3] IS 875 (Part 2) : 1987, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Building Structures Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [4] Punmia, B.C., Ashok Kumar Jain, Arun Kumar Jain, (2015) R.C.C Designs (Reinforced concrete Structures), Laxmi Publications. [5] SP 16 : 1980, Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, Delhi editor@iaeme.com