1 brickwork 2 adhesive material 3 heat insulation 4 screeding material 5 reinforcing meshwork 6 surface treatment 7 dowel

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1 BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Civil Engineering Institute of Technology of Building Materials Nikol Žižková University of Minho November, 2008

2 Adhesive and high-strength coating materials for External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) 1 brickwork 2 adhesive material 3 heat insulation 4 screeding material 5 reinforcing meshwork 6 surface treatment 7 dowel

3 Why ETICS? Monthly average temperatures in the CR between [ C] [ C] Year 1997 Year 1998 Year 1999 Year 2000 Year 2001 Year 2002 Year 2003 Year 2004 Year 2005 Year 2006 Year January February March April May June July August September October November December Temperatures

4 Thermal protection 80 % of the energy of a single family house is needed for heating efficient thermal insulation may reduce up to 60 % heating energy needs Building part share of energy loss: Roof 30 % Wall 16 % Floor 16 % Thermal bridges 3 % Air renewal 20 %

5 Heat Insulation (ETICS) 1. Expanded polystyrene board 2. Mineral wool (blocks of flats higher than 22,5 meters)

6 Aim of the work By-products secondary raw materials The set objectives of this work : to monitor changes in properties of polymer- modified cement adhesive and screeding materials by applying selected types of by- products as a replacement of part of filler content, to find maximal possible limit of filling with individual waste raw materials.

7 Methodology Filler Binder Additives Standard Filler Mixtures proposed By-products Basic tests Correction Optimalisation Selected mixtures Additional tests Final mixtures

8 Components of mixture of adhesive and screeding materials for ETICS Component of mixture: A. Binder Cement CEM I 42,5 R B. Filler Siliceous sand mm Ground limestone mm C. Additives Copolymer EVA Cellulose ether Foam remover D. By-products Fly ash

9 Why fly ash? > 70% of electricity in the CR is produced in thermal power plants incinerating coal 10 Mt - annual production of fly ash by power plants in the Czech Republic Fly ash - the greatest amount of waste materials in industry and power engineering

10 Properties of the fly ash CaO MnO Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 Sulphates SiO 2 Na 2 O MgO K 2 O TiO 2 LCA x Ca(OH) 2 + y SiO 2 + z H 2 O x CaO. y SiO 2. z H 2 O The use of puzzolano reaction for improving properties of adhesive and high-strength coating materials for ETICS

11 Selected results -adhesiveness Determination of adhesiveness 2,5 Adhesiveness [MPa a] 2 1,5 1 0,5 to concrete to concrete after freezing cycles to polystyren 0 SE/R SE/FA2 SE/FA4 SE/FA6 SE/FA8 Mixture mark Determination of adhesiveness according to ČSN EN 1542 of SE mixtures with fly ash

12 Selected results - strength Tension and bending strength Strength [MPa] tension strength bending strength 5 0 SE/R SE/FA2 SE/FA4 SE/FA6 SE/FA8 Mixture mark Determination of tension and bending strength according to ČSN EN of SE mixtures with fly ash

13 Testing of base layer (including glass mesh) for ETICS Mixture without fly ash Max. width of cracks: 0,15 mm Mixture containing 60 % of fly ash as filling component Max. width of cracks: 0,10 mm Monitoring of cracks by elongation 1,5 % (max. width of crack is 0,15 mm according to Rules of Czech ETICS Association)

14 Study of microstructure Pore size distribution Total cumulative volume 250,00 200,00 150,00 100,00 50,00 0, ,5 7, ,5 2, ,5 1,5-1,25 1, ,75 0,75-0,5 0,5-0,4 0,4-0,3 0,3-0,25 0,25-0,2 0,2-0,15 0,15-0,1 0,1-0,075 0,075-0,05 0,05-0,035 0,035-0,03 0,03-0,025 0,025-0,02 0,02-0,015 0,015-0,01 0,01-0,0074 Total cumulative volume [mm 3.g -1 ] Pore diameter ranges [µm] SE/R SE/FA6 Magnification of 700, 2800 and 2800 times

15 Conclusion Use of the fly ash for the production of adhesive and high-build coating materials for ETICS : Increasing adhesiveness after the action of frost Increasing tension and bending strength Increasing frost resistance Lowering absorption

16 What could happen if you do not have high- quality adhesive and screeding materials...

17 Thank you for your attention

18 Brno university city Second biggest city in the Czech republic Population University city students at 8 universities