EPBD and Part L. Anthony Slater. BRE Environment

Transcription

1 EPBD and Part L Anthony Slater BRE Environment

2 Energy Performance of Buildings Directive Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and Council published 4 January 2003 Directive lays down requirements for: (a) a methodology for calculation of the integrated energy performance of buildings (Article 3); (b) minimum requirements for the energy performance of new buildings and consideration of renewables (Articles 4 and 5); (c) minimum requirements for the energy performance of large existing buildings subject to major renovation (Articles 4 and 6);

3 Energy Performance of Buildings Directive Directive also lays down requirements for: (d) energy certification of buildings at sale or lease and display of certificate in public buildings (Article 7); (e) regular inspection of boilers (Article 8) and of air-conditioning systems (Article 9) in buildings and in addition an assessment of the heating installation in which the boilers are more than 15 years old. (f) Certification of buildings and inspection of plant to be carried out in an independent manner by qualified and / or accredited experts (Article 10)

4 EPBD Annex General framework for calculation of energy performance Envelope, including airtightness Heating and hot water services Air-conditioning Ventilation Lighting Outdoor climate Solar gains and protection Indoor climate Renewables, chp and daylighting

5 Background: policy White Paper Our Energy Future - Creating a Low Carbon Economy. February 2003 Energy Efficiency : The Government s Plan for Action published by DEFRA in April Start immediately on the next major revision of Building Regulations - aim to bring into effect in (2 years ahead of previous schedule)

6 Part L changes transitional arrangements Part L (2006) came into force 6 April 2006 Applies to all new work Transitional arrangements Part L (2002) applies if: Work started before 6 April 2006 with building notice, full plans, initial notice or amendment notice Where full plans not required, contract before 6 April 2006, work started before 1 October 2006 Full plans deposited and approved before 6 April 2006 and work started before 1 April 2007 Plans certificate and initial notice to Local Authority before 6 April 2006 and work started before 1 April 2007

7 Principal changes to Part L Move to a whole building approach based on energy/carbon targets (no elemental approach for new buildings) Aim to reduce energy requirements by around 25% implies significant improvements in insulation and heating system efficiency provides incentive for low and zero carbon technologies, especially with fuels other than gas Extends coverage of measures installed in existing buildings Implements EPBD articles 3 6 Simplified Approved Documents rely on second tier documents

8 Structure of Part L ADL1A new dwellings ADL1B work in existing dwellings ADL2A new buildings that are not dwellings ADL2B work in existing buildings that are not dwellings

9 Part L Requirement L1 Reasonable provision shall be made for the conservation of fuel and power in buildings by a) limiting i heat losses through the fabric of the building; ii excessive solar gains; and iii heat gains and losses from pipes, ducts and vessels used for space heating, space cooling and hot water storage; b) providing energy efficient and properly commissioned fixed building services with effective controls; c) providing to the owner sufficient information about the building and its building services so that the building can be operated and maintained in such a manner as to use no more fuel and power than is reasonable in the circumstances.

10 Regulation 17 EPBD Articles 3, 4, 5 17A.(1) The Secretary of State shall approve a methodology of calculation of the energy performance of buildings. (2) The methodology shall comply with the requirements of the Directive. 17B. The Secretary of State shall approve minimum energy performance requirements for new buildings in the form of target CO 2 emission rates, which shall be based upon the methodology approved pursuant to regulation 17A. 17C. Any new building shall meet the target CO 2 emission rate for the building.

11 Regulation 17 EPBD Article 6 17D. (1) This regulation applies to a building with a total useful floor area over 1,000m2 where the proposed building work includes an extension; or the initial provision of any fixed building services; or an increase to the installed capacity of any fixed building services. (2) Where this regulation applies, such work, if any, shall be carried out as is necessary to ensure that the building complies with the requirements of Part L of Schedule 1. (3) This regulation shall not require anything to be done that is not technically, functionally and economically feasible.

12 The compliance route for new buildings Meet carbon target Meet the worst acceptable standards Control of summer overheating Quality of construction and commissioning Provisions for energy efficient operation

13 New dwellings ADL1A New dwellings Mixed use if commercial part could revert to domestic use Direct access from one part to another Mixed use ADL1A for self-contained dwelling part, ADL2A for commercial part rooms for residential purposes student accommodation etc ADL2A Non-dwelling areas heated common areas ADL2A

14 The compliance route for new dwellings ADL1A Meet carbon target Dwelling Emissions Rate (DER) Target Emissions Rate (TER) Information for Energy Performance Certificate Meet the worst acceptable standards Envelope insulation Air permeability Efficiency of building services Control of summer overheating Quality of construction and commissioning As built performance consistent with DER Pressure tests, commissioning etc Provisions for energy efficient operation Provision of information (part of home information pack)

15 Work in existing dwellings ADL1B Extensions Material change of use Material alteration Controlled items Provision of controlled fittings e.g. replacement windows Extension of controlled services e.g. replacement boiler Provision or renovation of thermal elements e.g. flat roof Mixed use non-dwelling areas ADL2B

16 New buildings other than dwellings ADL2A New buildings other than dwellings First fit out (if deferred) Extensions > 100m 2 and > 25% of existing building

17 The compliance route for new buildings other than dwellings ADL2A Meet the carbon target Based on a whole building energy calculation Meet the worst acceptable standards Envelope insulation Air permeability Efficiency of building services Control of summer overheating Quality of construction & commissioning Provision of information

18 Carbon emissions Calculate carbon emissions from notional building 2002 elemental standards Calculate carbon emissions target (TER) Improvement factor + renewables benchmark Calculate predicted carbon emissions from actual building (BER) Same occupancy as notional building Preliminary calculation of BER at design stage Final calculation of BER as built

19 The compliance test for Part L Proposed Fabric & plant Building geometry Input data Revise design Calculation Tool Y Proposed Is P>T? N OK Standard Activity Schedule 2002 Elemental standards Fabric & plant Notional with Improvement % = Target

20 Whole building carbon improvement Servicing strategy Heated and naturally ventilated (including buildings with low levels of heating) Heated and mechanically ventilated Air conditioned Improvement factor LZC benchmark TER = C notional x (1-improvement factor) x (1-LZC benchmark) For air conditioned building: TER = C notional x (1-0.20) x (1-0.10) = 0.72 C notional

21 CO 2 emission factors kgco 2 /kwh Natural gas LPG Biogas Oil Coal Anthracite Smokeless fuel (inc coke) Dual-fuel (mineral + wood) Biomass Grid supplied electricity Grid displaced electricity Waste heat

22 Enhanced management and control features Reduce building CO 2 emissions by adjustment factor Feature Automatic monitoring and targeting with alarms Adjustment factor Power factor correction whole building power factor >0.90 Power factor correction whole building power factor >

23 Low and zero carbon systems Natural temperature at >1 metre below surface is a constant +10 C. Plenty of heat energy but at too low a temperature low grade useful heat heat Heat Pump

24 Worst acceptable standards Poorest acceptable U-values e.g. walls: average 0.35, element 0.45 Air permeability 10m 3 /m 2 h at test pressure 50Pa Building services systems e.g. heating system seasonal efficiency 80.8% cooling system cop 2.25 Building that only meets worst acceptable standards will not satisfy carbon emissions target (TER)

25 Summer overheating Areas without active comfort cooling systems Assume no overheating in cooled areas Show that space will not overheat CIBSE design summer year Show no need to retrofit air conditioning Potential carbon impact of retrofit mechanical cooling Include in energy calculation for actual building (but not notional building)

26 Quality of construction & commissioning Thermal bridging Airtightness Air leakage test

27 Regulation 20B Airtightness testing 20B. (1) This regulation applies to the erection of a building. (2) Where this regulation applies, the person carrying out the work shall, for the purpose of ensuring compliance with Regulation 17C and paragraph L1(a)(i) of Schedule 1 a) ensure that, in such circumstances as are approved by the Secretary of State, appropriate air pressure testing is carried out in accordance with a procedure approved by the Secretary of State; and b) give a copy of the results of the testing to the local authority.

28 Regulation 20B Airtightness testing All buildings > 500m 2 Competent person ATTMA member: see Testing must conform to the standard procedure set out in ATTMA TS1 (2005) and BS:EN (2001) Airtightness as surrogate for building quality

29 Quality of construction & commissioning Thermal bridging Airtightness Air leakage test Competent person: Membership of ATTMA Air leakage of ductwork Leakage test Competent person: HVCA Specialist Ductwork Group Inspection and commissioning of building services systems CIBSE, BSRIA Commissioning Codes Competent person: Membership CSA

30 Regulation 20C Commissioning 20C. (1) This regulation applies to building work in relation to which paragraph L1(b) of Schedule 1 imposes a requirement. (2) Where this regulation applies the person carrying out the work shall, for the purpose of ensuring compliance with paragraph L1(b) of Schedule 1, provide to the local authority a notice confirming that all fixed building services have been properly commissioned in accordance with a procedure approved by the Secretary of State. (3) The notice shall be given to the local authority not later than the date on which the notice required by regulation 15(4), or regulation 16A(3) is given.

31 Provision of information Building log-book Energy performance certificate Energy meters Account for end-use of 90% of annual energy consumption Automatic meter reading and data collection buildings >1,000m 2

32 Work in existing buildings - ADL2B Extensions Small extensions (<100m 2 and <25% existing) Conservatories > 30m 2 Material change of use Material alteration Controlled items Provision or extension of a controlled service or fitting Provision or renovation of a thermal element Consequential improvements Cost effective Energy survey Historic buildings

33 Approved Document L2B extensions Large extensions If more than 100 m² floor area and more than 25% existing useful area treat as new build - meet ADL2A Conservatories (> 30 m²) Effective thermal separation between conservatory and rest of building, and U-values in conservatory no worse than minimum standard for replacement elements of an existing building

34 ADL2B change of use and material alteration Newly constructed elements as new elements in extension. Avoidance of thermal bridging. Replaced elements can have a slight lower standard Retained elements can have lower standard

35 Work in existing buildings - ADL2B Given standards for new or replacement controlled items Thermal elements: U-values

36 Regulation 4A Renovation of thermal elements 4A. (1) Where a person intends to carry out work in an existing building which involves the renovation of a thermal element reasonable provision shall be made to improve the energy efficiency of the thermal element. (2) Where a person intends to carry out work in an existing building which involves the replacement of a thermal element, any new thermal element must be reasonably energy efficient.

37 Regulation 4A Renovation of thermal elements (3) In this regulation- "thermal element" meansa wall; a floor; or a roof, which separates the internal conditioned space from the external environment, and in each case includes all parts of the element between the surface bounding the internal conditioned space and the external environment;

38 Regulation 4A Renovation of thermal elements "renovation" means the provision of a new physical layer in the element or the replacement of an existing layer, but excludes paint work.

39 Renovation of thermal elements Where renovation works apply to more than 25% of the surface area of the element then upgrade U-value Technically, functionally feasible Simple payback 15 years or less Upgrade retained thermal elements with poor U-value

40 Work in existing buildings - ADL2B Given standards for new or replacement controlled items Thermal elements: U-values Controlled fittings: Windows, rooflights, doors Controlled services: Heating and hot water systems Air conditioning Lighting + controls Guidance for small extensions

41 Regulation 17 EPBD Article 6 17D. (1) This regulation applies to a building with a total useful floor area over 1,000m 2 where the proposed building work includes an extension; or the initial provision of any fixed building services; or an increase to the installed capacity of any fixed building services. (2) Where this regulation applies, such work, if any, shall be carried out as is necessary to ensure that the building complies with the requirements of Part L of Schedule 1. (3) This regulation shall not require anything to be done that is not technically, functionally and economically feasible.

42 Consequential improvements Works additional to the principal works To improve the energy efficiency of the whole building Measures achieving simple payback <15 years will be economically feasible

43 Consequential improvements extensions Adopt measures value not less than 10% of value of principal works Report signed by suitably qualified person Chartered quantity surveyor

44 Consequential improvements extensions Upgrade heating systems >15yrs old (replace plant or improve controls) Upgrade cooling systems >15yrs old (replace plant or improve controls) Upgrade air-handling systems >15yrs old (replace plant or improve controls) Upgrade lighting of >100m 2 with efficacy < 40 lamplumens/circuit watt Upgrade thermal elements with poor U-values Install LZC system with simple payback 7 years Install energy metering

45 Consequential improvements new services Provision of new service Increase in capacity of heating or cooling plant Improve parts of the building served by the new or improved building service Make improvements as for extensions (10% threshold)

46 Consequential improvements new services Increase in capacity of heating plant Upgrade poor thermal elements Replace windows or doors with U-value <3.3W/m2K Increase in capacity of cooling plant Upgrade poor thermal elements Reduce solar load and hence cooling load Upgrade lighting with efficacy < 40 lamp-lumens/circuit watt All technically, functionally and economically feasible improvements (No 10% threshold)

47 Consequential improvements Upgrade thermal elements when more than 25% of surface area is affected Upgrade retained elements when U-value exceeds threshold

48 Provide Information Update building logbook If no logbook prepare new logbook

49 Improving compliance Simple checklists in Approved Documents Simplified technical guidance in Approved Documents second tier documents Rules for compliance part of National Calculation Methodology not open to interpretation Competent persons schemes for self certification reduces burden on Building Control Bodies

50 Summary of Changes to Part L A radical new approach New buildings meet carbon target for compliance Consequential improvements in large existing buildings The focus is on the key policy objective (CO 2 emissions) Maximum design flexibility Increased emphasis on ensuring standards met in practice More building work covered by Part L (e.g. thermal elements)

51 EPBD Article 7 - Energy Performance Certificates Supply Energy Performance certificates 10 years old when buildings are constructed, sold or rented out. Include recommendations for cost-effective improvement of energy performance Buildings >1000 m 2 occupied by public organisations and visited by large numbers of the public must display certificate prominently. Possible implementation:- New build Information from Part L compliance Sales and new tenancies - new systems required. New regulatory system for display of energy performance certificates in large public buildings

52 EPBD Article 10 - Certification and inspection To be carried out in an independent manner by qualified and / or accredited experts. New qualification systems required for building energy surveyors and plant energy performance inspectors. Industry has reported with recommendations keen to have Government approval schemes.

53 DIAG EPBD Article 7/10 Advisory Group Recommendations Formal framework of nationally recognised qualifications Different qualifications for different cases dwellings / other buildings, new build / existing buildings Development of National Occupational Standards Vocationally Related Qualifications or National Vocational Qualifications Authorised competent persons schemes Commercially competing schemes Development of Technical Standards Phased implementation by 2009 See for report

54 Energy rating definitions New Building Design Rating a calculation of building energy performance carried out as part of building control submission used to show compliance with Part L energy performance requirements rating base line to be the equivalent notional building New Building Asset Rating a calculation of intrinsic energy performance as-built Existing Building Asset Rating provided to prospective purchaser or tenant based on the intrinsic energy performance of the building Operational Rating used for public display/disclosure purposes based on actual building performance/energy management derived from metered energy data and floor area

55 Building certification EPBD Article 7 Implementation New buildings - information through Part L but form of certificate not yet determined Existing dwellings for sale - through Home Information Pack Other cases still to be decided EPBD Article 15 gives possible additional 3 years for implementation of Articles 7, 8 and 9 if lack of qualified and / or accredited experts Implementation by January 2009 latest

56 The home energy report Home energy report (HER) as part of Home Information Pack. This report is produced using a RDSAP calculation. The Energy Certificate produced will then show exactly how energy efficient the property is currently Recommend any improvements which could be made.

57 Non-domestic Buildings Operational Ratings Expected to be based on measured in-use consumption data Includes intrinsic performance, plus effect of: Actual plant performance Actual occupancy, location, etc Actual management practices by occupants at the time Also needs comparison with benchmarks Source: Bill Bordass/Europrosper Used to establish scope for improvement Must recommend improvement measures

58 EPBD and Part L Key issues Anthony Slater BRE Environment