Copyright Materials TIMBER TOWER RESEARCH PROJECT BY SOM. Learning Objectives

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1 The Wood Products Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Copyright Materials This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. The Wood Products Council 2014 Learning Objectives At the end of this program, participants will be able to: 1. Understand how a high-rise timber building can be designed to satisfy the intent of the code. 2. Recognize that the structure can be designed to support multi-story gravity and lateral loads while having minimal impact on the architectural, interior or building service designs. 3. Realize that the structural material quantities required for high-rise timber structures can be comparable to reinforced concrete structures with the proposed system, suggesting that high-rise timber buildings could be competitive with conventional high-rise construction. 4. Appreciate that use of the SOM-developed Concrete Jointed Timber Frame system allows engineers to apply tall building engineering fundamentals to the creation of a more efficient structure with a significantly reduced carbon footprint. TIMBER TOWER RESEARCH PROJECT BY SOM WoodWorks 2014 Long Beach Wood Solutions Fair February 26 th, 2014 Benton Johnson, PE SE Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP benton.johnson@som.com SOM 2013

2 Research Project Basis of the Research 2013: 7.0 billion Total billion in Cities Deliverables at -11x17 Sketches: 33 pages -8.5x11 Report: 68 pages -3D PDF of Structure 2050: 11.0 billion Total billion in Cities SOM 2014 Basis of the Research Basis of the Research Houston Paris New York Tokyo Melbourne Hong Kong Source: David Dodman, Blaming Cities for Climate Change? An Analysis of Urban Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories, 2009

3 Basis of the Research Basis of the Research Basis of the Research Technology

4 Benchmark Building Benchmark Building +417ft SOM Hedrich Blessing Benchmark Building Design Process What makes a successful building design? -Marketable -Serviceable -Economical

5 Marketable Serviceable Economical Design Process What makes a successful building design? Materials Used -Marketable -Serviceable -Economical -Sustainable

6 Sustainable Successful Design Marketable Serviceable Carbon Footprint Economical Sustainable Marketable Marketable 24ft Average ft ft

7 Marketable System Marketability Need ~13.5 th. panel Too much material, not economical SOM 2014 Floor Structure Floor Structure We must reduce amount of materials used in the floors, what choices do we have? -Reduce the span? -Add interior columns / walls? -Use beams? -Boundary conditions?

8 Floor Structure Floor Structure Floor Structure Floor Structure We must reduce amount of materials used in the floors, what choices do we have? -Reduce the span? -Add interior columns / walls? -Use beams? -Boundary conditions

9 Floor Connections Floor Connections Typical Floor Section Tension Rebar Typical Framing Plan Column to Slab Connection Floor Analysis Floor Connections Nov Jan Feb

10 Floor Connections Floor Connections Floor Connections Timber /Concrete Material Properties = Side Face 135psi = Cut Face psi C=1,400psi C = 425psi T = 0psi C = 2,500psi 3,400psi = Cut Face T=700psi T = 500psi 2,150 psi Select Structural SPF 5,000 psi Concrete

11 Torsional Behavior Timber Column/Floor Joints 425 psi Allowable 1400 psi Allowable Column is 3.3x stronger than typical floor Timber Column/Floor Joints Timber Column / Concrete Floor Joint 1,400 psi Timber Column 425 psi Allowable Beam applies tension perpendicular to column grain C= 1,400psi 2,500 psi Concrete Joint C = 2,500 psi (MIN) 1,400 psi Timber Column 1400 psi Allowable The floor is 1.8x stronger than the column!

12 Proposed System Proposed System Proposed System Design Process What makes a successful building design? ->Marketable -Serviceable -Tall Buildings -Timber Buildings Total Lumber: = 12,000 yd 3 = 3.9 million board-ft = 1,700 miles of 2x4 ->Economical -Sustainable

13 Serviceability in Tall Buildings Serviceability in Tall Buildings raam-bling.blogspot.com Proposed System Serviceability in Tall Buildings raam-bling.blogspot.com

14 Serviceability in Tall Buildings Serviceability in Tall Buildings Link Beam Deformation Link Beam Deformation eastsidetreeworks.com Serviceability in Tall Buildings Serviceability in Tall Buildings Compression Tension eastsidetreeworks.com

15 Serviceability in Tall Buildings Serviceability in Tall Buildings treesaregood.org Proposed System Serviceability in Tall Buildings By Volume: 80% Timber, 20% Concrete By Weight: 45% Timber, 55% Concrete Expected Differential = 2 to 3

16 Design Process Serviceability - Fire Resistance What makes a successful building design? ->Marketable -Serviceable -Tall Buildings -Timber Buildings ->Economical -Sustainable Serviceability - Fire Resistance Serviceability - Fire Resistance

17 Serviceability - Fire Resistance Serviceability - Fire Resistance Serviceability System Integration Serviceability Acoustics

18 Serviceability Moisture / Durability Serviceability Lower Levels Grade Design Process Sustainability What makes a successful building design? ->Marketable ->Serviceable ->Economical -Sustainable

19 Sustainability Effective Use of Timber Total Mat l = 1.12 cuft/sf C0 2 Footprint = 75lb/sf Total Mat l = 1.14 cuft/sf C0 2 Footprint = 30lb/sf Total Mat l = 1.30 cuft/sf C0 2 Footprint = 20lb/sf Effective Use of Timber Mountain Pine Beetle 200+ billion board-ft since 1997 in BC (source: BC Forest Service) Effective Use of Timber Using SOM proposed composite system, 200b bd-ft = 20.8 b SF of high-rise How can this material be used most effectively? Using SOM proposed all-timber system, 200b bd-ft = 13.7 b SF of high-rise

20 Effective Use of Timber Using SOM proposed composite system, 200b bd-ft = 20.8 b SF of high-rise Effective Use of Timber Using SOM proposed composite system, 200b bd-ft = 20.8 b SF of high-rise Average Material Usage = 1.12 cuft/sft Average Carbon Footprint = 30lb/sf Using SOM all-timber & concrete systems, 200b bd-ft = 20.8 b SF of high-rise Using SOM all-timber & concrete systems, 200b bd-ft = 20.8 b SF of high-rise Average Material Usage = 1.25 cuft/sft Average Carbon Footprint = 40lb/sf Design Process Concrete Jointed Timber Frame What makes a successful building design? ->Marketable ->Serviceable ->Economical ->Sustainable

21 QUESTIONS? This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Benton Johnson, PE SE Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP