ECOHOUSES - 21 st Century Ideal Buildings Minimal Imported Energy Safe in Extreme Climates Low running Costs

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1 ECOHOUSES - 21 st Century Ideal Buildings Minimal Imported Energy Safe in Extreme Climates Low running Costs Susan Roaf, Professor of Architectural Engineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, s.roaf@hw.ac.uk

2 20 th Century Buildings Poor Climatic Design Unsustainable - Dependent on Machines + Cheap Energy throwing energy away

3 ADAPTIVE ECO buildings: The buildings as a climatic modifier Building Form, space planning and orientation Sensible windows * + Summer shading and adaptive envelopes Natural Ventilation Thermal mass: attenuation + storage Suitable use of materials + Good Insulation* + Air Tightness* + Efficient equipment* + Renewable energy + MHVR * + Occupant (rather than mechanical) Management of the systems * Key Features of the Passive Haus Building Standards ( + Key Features of the Active House Building Standards (activehouse.info/) Source: Jake Hacker

4 Optimal Energy + Technology choices are Supply sensitive Norway the Hydro-electric Nation 1929 Electricity generation per capita Norway = 3243Kh/W/person/a USA = 923kWh/person/annum

5 Canada: Different regions prefer different energy sources Gas Wood Electricity 1 size really does not fit all

6 21 st Century Paradigm Design for Occupants COMFORT Design with Climate Good Buildings

7 Riccarton Ecovillage 7

8 Introduction: A WORLD LEADING STANDARD TEST FACILITY FOR LOW CARBON RESEARCH Government Policy to deliver new Affordable housing that meets 2016 Zero Carbon Emission Targets HWU will deliver first class science in support of this policy By investigating the system performance of construction, technology and human behaviour Significant Knowledge Transfer opportunities for construction industry benefit There is a significant need for additional student accommodation on campus 8

9 Research Agenda Living Laboratory 10 no and 2016 Homes Thermal Mass and Wall Construction performance Lightweight 2016 Housing Hub 40no Code 6 Timber Frame Homes Natural Ventilation v Mechanical ventilation Heat Recovery Heavyweight 2016 Housing Hub 40no Code 6 Heavyweight Homes Adaptive Thermal mass and Energy Use Ecovillage becomes Domestic Soft Landings Case Study 9

10 Stage C Site Plan 90 Residences Living Lab Lightweight 2016 Housing Hub Heavyweight 2016 Housing Hub Three Bed Dwellings

11 Typical Plan- 2 Bed 11 Residence Type, 2 bed, lifetime home, 88m2 GIA

12 Construction Types House Type Code Level Construction Thermal Mass Heating System A (Code 4) Block Cavity Wall Heavy Heat Pump+ A (Code 4) Block Cavity Wall Heavy Gas Boiler B (Code 4) Block with External Insulation B (Code 4) Block with External Insulation Medium Medium Heat Pump+ Gas Boiler C (Code 4) Timber Frame Light Heat Pump + C (Code 4) Timber Frame Light Gas Boiler D (Code 6) Passivhaus SIPS Light Heat Recovery D (Code 4) Passivhaus SIPS Light Gas Boiler E1 Pre 1918 Brick and Stone Heavy Gas E (Code 6) Brick and Stone Heavy Heat Pump + 12

13 Performance Specification 13 Parameter REALL 2013 Specification HUB 2016 Specification Scottish Building Standards: Dwelling Emission Rating DER 25% reduction from 2010 TER DER 100% reduction from 2010 TER Scottish Building Standards: Robust Gold Gold Detailing Standard Scottish Building Standards: Gold Platinum Sustainability Rating Code for Sustainable Homes: Rating Code 4 Code 6 Wall U-value Roof U-value Floor U-Value Windows U-Value Doors U-Value Average U-value Thermal Bridging Fresh Air Supply (l/s/person) 8 8 Air Permeability (m3/m2/h)* 4 2 Daylighting Distribution Potable Water Use per person England and Wales Part F Indoor Air Mould growth Nitrogen dioxide Carbon monoxide VOCs No visible mould on external walls in a properly heated building As 2013

14 14 Typical Section-Elevation

15 Elevation Types Brick and Block External Render Traditional Stone Timber Frame Timber SIPS Panel Brick and Block 15

16 16 Riccarton Eco-village

17 17 Riccarton Eco-village

18 18 Riccarton Eco-village

19 Stage C Landscape Plan 19

20 Stage C Landscape Plan 20

21 Stage C Landscape Plan 21

22 Research REALL SCIENCE VIRTUAL / VALIDATED / COMPLEX BONKERS BUILT VIRTUAL 22 EXPERIMENTS PEOPLE in BUILDINGS

23 Research Aims A Standard Test Facility for Low Carbon Buildings / Materials Living Laboratory Investigating Behaviours Test facility for Technologies in real world conditions Knowledge Transfer Hub - potential huge - on site conference / accommodation facilities will support education opportunities supplementing the project websites and publications Model Validation Evidence-based policy laboratory Linking Policy and Science Open Science a REALL + Virtual experiment. Generating Consensual Science Solutions Micro-grid and Energy Management controls and behaviours Role of Control unique test facility for whole system optimisation 23

24 Programme Activity Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13 Feb-13 Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Sep-14 1 Finalise Employers Requirements 2 Finalise Research Brief 3 Developer Competition 4 Court Endorsement 5 Detailed Design Proposals HWU 6 Appoint Development Partner 7 Submit for Statutory Approvals HWU 8 Production Information 9 Mobilsation 10 Phase 1 Construction: September Phase 2 Completion: September

25 Visitor Centre Showcase for Research Venue for Seminars Virtual Simulation Venue Resource for Researchers Place for Students Possible Zero Carbon Micro-brewery? 25

26 26 Visitor Centre: Option A

27 27 Visitor Centre: Option B

28 Riccarton Ecovillage 28