SUMO Wall Shoe. For bolted wall connections. Technical Manual. Version: Canada and United States 08/2016

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1 Wall Shoe For bolted wall connections Version: Canada and United States 08/2016 Technical Manual

2 Wall Shoe For bolted wall connections Strong tensile connection: enables shear walls to be built of precast concrete elements Quick and easy erection of walls with good adjustment possibilities Connection does not require on-site welding Connections are able to transfer tensile forces immediately after elements are erected Wall Shoe is a building product used to create cost-effective tensile connections between: Precast concrete walls and foundations Two precast concrete walls The system consists of wall shoes and anchor bolts. Wall shoes are cast into precast concrete walls and the anchor bolts are cast into the foundations or other walls. On the construction site, the walls are erected on adjusted shim plates in the correct position and fixed to the anchor bolts. Precast concrete wall connections are finalized by grouting the recesses and joints underneath the wall. peikko.ca peikkousa.com

3 Contents About Wall Shoe 4 1. Product Properties Structural behavior Application conditions Loading and environmental conditions Positioning of the wall shoe Other properties Resistances Fire resistance Selecting Wall Shoe 10 Annex A Supplementary reinforcement 11 Supplementary reinforcement for overlapping Models with two anchor bars 12 Models with four anchor bars 15 Installation of Wall Shoe 16 Revision: 001

4 About Wall Shoe 1. Product Properties Wall Shoes are available in several standard models to suit most precast concrete wall connections. The system consists of: Wall shoes Anchor bolts Square washers Wall Shoes are used with Peikko Anchor Bolts to create precast concrete wall connections. Wall shoes are cast into the bottom part of the wall together with main and supplementary reinforcement, as detailed in Annex A of this manual. HPM and PPM Anchor Bolts are either cast into the foundations (wall-foundation connection) or in the top part of the lower wall (wall-wall connection). The wall shoe has a rectangular hole that fits with the corresponding anchor bolt. The wall connection is developed by fastening the anchor bolts to wall shoes using nuts and washers. The bolted connection offers sufficient assembly tolerances to adjust the wall into the correct position. To finalize the connection, the recesses and joint underneath the wall are grouted. The product range consists of wall shoe models that include two or four anchor bars depending on the tensile resistance values of the wall shoe. The models are presented in Figure 2. Figure 1. Wall Shoe and HPM, PPM Anchor Bolts in wall connection. Figure 2. Connecting Wall Shoe and HPM, PPM Anchor Bolts Nut Washer Anchor bars Nut Washer Anchor bars Anchor bolt Anchor bolt Model with two anchor bars ( 16H, 20H, 24H, 30H, 39H, 30P, 36P) Model with four anchor bars ( 39P, 45P, 52P) The design values of resistances of Wall Shoes are equal to the design values of resistances of the corresponding HPM and PPM Anchor Bolts. 4 Wall Shoe

5 About Wall Shoe 1.1 Structural behavior Wall connections are designed to transfer tensile forces between the two connected wall elements. The compressive forces are transmitted via the grouting of the joint. Shear forces are transferred through the grout filling between concrete elements by corresponding friction effect, Wall Shoes are principally designed to carry only tensile forces which are resulting from external factored loads. Wall Shoes are designed to offer sufficient resistance to withstand the maximal design values for tensile forces from the corresponding HPM and PPM Anchor Bolts. In bottom or intermediate precast wall elements, these tensile forces are transferred from the bottom of the wall element (wall shoe) to the top of the wall element (anchor bolt) by vertical continuity reinforcement (CAN : 400W / USA : GR60), lapped with a wall shoe and an anchor bolt. Figure 3. Structural behavior of the wall connection. H Tensile forces H Continuity reinforcement Anchor bolt H Tensile forces Continuity reinf. Wall shoe H N Ed Anchor bolt N P 1.2 Application conditions The standard models of Wall Shoes are designed to be used under the conditions mentioned in this section. If these conditions may not be satisfied, please contact Peikko Technical Support for custom-designed Wall Shoes Loading and environmental conditions Wall Shoes are designed to carry static loads. They are designed for use indoors and in dry conditions. When using Wall Shoes in other conditions, the surface treatment, concrete cover, or raw materials must be suitable for the environmental exposure class and intended operating life. Version: Canada and United States 08/2016 5

6 About Wall Shoe Positioning of the wall shoe Wall Shoes are designed for use in reinforced concrete walls with the minimum concrete cover summarized in Table 1. The standard properties of Wall Shoes are guaranteed in reinforced concrete walls made of concrete grade 25 MPa / 3500 psi or higher. For the minimum concrete grade for anchor bolts, see the Technical Manual for HPM and PPM Anchor Bolts. If these conditions may not be satisfied, please contact Peikko Technical Support for customdesigned Wall Shoes. Figure 4. Minimum concrete cover of the anchor bars. c c c c t w c c c c t w Table 1. The minimum thickness [mm/in] of wall cross-sections and minimum concrete cover for standard Wall Shoes are determined according to CSA or ACI guidelines. The following values assume concrete member is not exposed to weather or in contact with ground. Wall Shoe 16H 20H 24H 30H 39H 30P 36P 39P 45P 52P Minimum concrete cover c c 40 mm 1 ½ 40 mm 1 ½ 40 mm 1 ½ 40 mm 1 ½ 40 mm 1 ½ 40 mm 1 ½ 40 mm 1 ½ 40 mm 1 ½ 40 mm 1 ½ 40 mm 1 ½ Minimum thickness of wall t w 94 mm 3 ¾ 96 mm 3 ¾ 110 mm 4 ⅜ 120 mm 4 ¾ 145 mm 5 ¾ 130 mm mm mm 7 ½ 208 mm 8 ¼ 248 mm 9 ¾ Determination of the concrete cover should be calculated according to local building codes. Please refers to section of ACI or table 17 of CSA A Figure 5. Minimum edge and center distances. Table 2. Minimum edge and center distances [mm/in]. Wall Shoe Edge distances R Center distances c/c [mm] [in] [mm] [in] 16H ⅜ ⅝ 20H ¾ ⅜ 24H ½ H ¼ ½ 39H ½ ⅞ 30P ¾ ⅜ 36P ⅝ 39P ¾ 45P ¼ ½ 52P ⅝ R c/c The structural properties of Wall Shoes are guaranteed only if supplementary reinforcement is provided in the wall in accordance with the rules set out in Annex A to this Technical Manual. It should be noted that the supplementary reinforcement is used in addition to the main reinforcement designed to resist internal forces in the wall. 6 Wall Shoe

7 About Wall Shoe 1.3 Other properties Wall Shoes are made of steel plates and reinforcing bars with the following material properties: Tensile strength, MPa (ksi) Yield strength, MPa (ksi) Material grade Standard Rebars f u 550 (79.8) f y 500 (72.5) B500B EN Steel plates f u 510 (74.0) f y 355 (51.5) S355J2+N EN Peikko Group s production units are externally controlled and periodically audited by various organizations on the basis of production certifications and product approvals. The products bear the inspection mark, the emblem of Peikko Group, the type of product, and the year and week of manufacturing. Version: Canada and United States 08/2016 7

8 About Wall Shoe Figure 6. Dimensions of Wall Shoe. h H Ø Ø a y t h H a y a x t e w a x c k B k B c e w c d c d Table 3. Dimensions, weights and colour codes of Wall Shoes. Wall Shoe B k t h 16H 20H 24H 30H 39H 30P 36P 39P 45P [mm] [in] 3 ⅛ 3 ½ 4 ⅜ 4 ¾ 5 ¾ 5 ⅛ 5 ⅞ 5 ⅞ 7 ⅛ 9 52P [mm] [in] 4 ½ 4 ¾ 5 ⅜ 5 ½ 6 ½ 5 ¾ 6 ¼ 6 ½ 6 ⅞ 9 ⅞ [mm] [in] 1 ¼ 1 ⅜ 1 ⅜ 1 ⅝ 2 1 ¾ 2 ⅛ 2 ⅜ 2 ¾ 3 ⅛ [mm] [in] 3 ⅛ 3 ½ 3 ⅞ 4 ½ 5 ⅛ 4 ¾ 5 ⅛ 5 ¾ 6 ¼ 7 ¼ [mm] H [in] ½ ½ ½ 79 ½ 102 [mm] a y [in] 1 ⅜ 1 ⅝ 1 ⅞ 2 ⅛ 2 ½ 2 ⅛ 2 ⅜ 2 ½ 3 3 ¼ [mm] a x [in] 3 3 ⅛ 3 ⅜ 3 ½ 3 ⅞ 3 ½ 3 ¾ 3 ⅞ 4 ⅛ 4 ⅜ [mm] Ø [in] 0 ½ 0 ⅝ 0 ¾ 1 1 ⅛ 1 ⅛ 1 ¼ 1 ⅛ 1 ¼ 1 ¼ [mm] ,5 58, c d [in] 1 ¼ 1 ½ 1 ¾ 1 ⅞ 2 ¼ 2 2 ¼ 0 ¾ 1 1 ¼ [mm] c [in] 2 ⅜ 2 ½ 3 ⅛ 3 ¾ 4 ½ 3 ¾ 4 ⅜ 4 ½ 5 ⅛ 6 ⅛ [mm] e w [in] 3/16 3/16 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 Weight Color code [kg] [lb] yellow blue gray green orange black red brown purple white Lap lengths of anchor bars are defined according to concrete grade 25 MPa / 3500 psi. 8 Wall Shoe

9 About Wall Shoe 2. Resistances The resistances of Wall Shoes are based the HPM and PPM Anchor Bolt capacities, using the following standards: CSA A / CSA S16-01 (Value in kn) ACI (Value in kips) The design of Wall Shoes is based on Eurocode. Wall Shoes are designed to withstand tensile forces corresponding to the design values of resistances of HPM and PPM Anchor Bolts. The maximum design values of resistances of individual Wall Shoes are given in Table 4. Table 4. Design values of resistances of individual Wall Shoes for concrete grade 25 MPa / 3500 psi Wall Shoe Anchor Bolt Washer N Rd [CSA] N Rd [ACI] 16H HPM 16 AL kn 12.4 kips 20H HPM 20 AL kn 19.3 kips 24H HPM 24 AL kn 28.0 kips 30H HPM 30 AL kn 44.5 kips 39H HPM 39 AL kn 77.6 kips 30P PPM 30 AL kn 64.8 kips 36P PPM 36 AL kn 94.4 kips 39P PPM 39 AL kn kips 45P PPM 45 AL kn kips 52P PPM 52 AL kn kips N Rd The resistance of the Wall Shoe is valid for tensile force N Rd acting in the anchor bolt. 2.1 Fire resistance The concrete cover of the anchor bolt and the anchor bars of the wall shoes should be at least equivalent to the concrete cover of the reinforcement of the precast wall elements. If the fire resistance of the wall shoe connection is judged to be insufficient, the concrete cover of the wall shoe must be increased by increasing the thickness of the precast wall. Version: Canada and United States 08/2016 9

10 Selecting Wall Shoe Selecting Wall Shoe The following aspects must be considered when selecting the appropriate type of Wall Shoe to be used in a wall connection: Resistance Properties of the wall Position and arrangement of the wall shoes in the wall External forces (dead load, wind load) acting on the precast wall generate tensile forces in the horizontal joints between the precast elements. The tensile forces must be determined within the global analysis of the structure in accordance with relevant design standards. The appropriate model of wall shoe and anchor bolt is selected so that they have sufficient resistance compared to the design value of tensile force in the joint (see Table 4). Design example 1: Tensile force in joint (per one wall shoe) N Ed = kn / 69.7 kips Selected anchor bolt and wall shoe: Anchor Bolt HPM 39 + AL 39 Wall Shoe 39H Washer AL 39 Resistance element N Rd = 319 kn / 77.6 kips N Ed < N Rd < 319 kn 69.7 < 77.6 kips Design example 2: Tensile force in joint (per one wall shoe) N Ed = kn / kips Selected anchor bolt and wall shoe: Anchor Bolt PPM 39 + AL 39 Wall Shoe 39P Washer AL 39 Resistance element N Rd = 465 kn / kips N Ed < N Rd < 465 kn < kips Wall Shoes with suffix H are connected with HPM Anchor Bolts. 39H HPM 39 + AL 39 Wall Shoes with suffix P are connected with PPM Anchor Bolts. 39P PPM 39 + AL Wall Shoe

11 .... Annex A Supplementary reinforcement Supplementary reinforcement Details of supplementary reinforcement for Wall Shoes are shown in the following figures. For bottom or intermediate wall elements, continuity reinforcement must be provided to transfer the tensile loads from the wall shoe (at the bottom of the element) to the anchor bolt (at the top of the element) Figure 7. Figure 7. Continuity reinforcement and transverse reinforcement in precast wall system. Mesh on both surfaces HPM/P, PPM/P overlapping bolt Continuity reinforcement 1 Transverse reinforcement 2 3 HPM/P, PPM/P overlapping bolt Continuity reinforcement 1 Transverse reinforcement 2 3 HPM/P, PPM/P or HPM/L, PPM/L The amount of continuity reinforcement required is specified in Table 5 and Table 6. The continuity reinforcement is lap spliced with the anchor bars of the wall shoe. Transverse reinforcement must be provided in the lap splice zones in accordance with Figure 8 or Figure 9. Transverse reinforcement must be provided in the lap splice zones between the continuity reinforcement and the anchor bolt in the top part of the wall shoe element. Version: Canada and United States 08/

12 Annex A Supplementary reinforcement Supplementary reinforcement for overlapping Models with two anchor bars Table 5. Supplementary reinforcement required (CAN 400W / USA Grade 60). Wall Shoe 16H Supplementary continuity reinforcement Reinforcement bars 1 2 Ø 15M 2 Ø #5 20H 2 Ø 20M 2 Ø #6 Supplementary transverse reinforcement on one side Additional mesh 2 Ø m,1 a m,1 100 mm mm 4 24H 2 Ø 25M 2 Ø #7 100 mm 4 30H 2 Ø 30M 2 Ø #9 100 mm 4 39H 2 Ø 35M 2 Ø # mm 6 30P 2 Ø 35M 2 Ø # mm 6 n l m,1 * l tot,tr * 200 mm 8 200/255 mm 8 /10 560/670 mm 22 / mm /255 mm 8 /10 560/670 mm 22 /27 Supplementary transverse reinforcement on both sides 2 x Additional mesh 2 Ø m,2 a m,2 100 mm mm mm /340 mm 10 /14 670/870 mm 27 / mm mm /340 mm 10 /14 680/885 mm 27 / mm mm /425 mm 12 /17 830/1080 mm 33 / mm mm /425 mm 12 /17 820/1070 mm 33 / mm 6 36P 2 Ø 35M 2 Ø # mm mm /425 mm 12 /17 845/1095 mm 33 /43 n l m,2 * l tot,tr * 200 mm 8 200/255 mm 8 /10 560/670 mm 22 / mm 8 200/255 mm 8 /10 560/670 mm 22 /27 * ) Mesh reinforcement / Horizontal bar reinforcement 200 mm 8 240/340 mm 10 /14 670/870 mm 27 / mm /340 mm 10 /14 680/885 mm 27 / mm /425 mm 12 /17 830/1080 mm 33 / mm /425 mm 12 /17 820/1070 mm 33 / mm mm /425 mm 12 /17 845/1095 mm 33 /43 12 Wall Shoe

13 Annex A Supplementary reinforcement Figure 8. Supplementary reinforcement for Wall Shoes with two anchor bars ( 39H shown in the pictures). Supplementary reinforcement on one side Anchor bolt - HPM / PPM wall edge a m,1 l tot,tr Ø m,1 n 1 l m,1 2 a m,1 1 n 1 l m,1 2 wall edge Ø m,1 Wall shoe 2 1 Version: Canada and United States 08/

14 Annex A Supplementary reinforcement Supplementary reinforcement on both sides Figure 8. Supplementary reinforcement needed for Wall Shoes with two anchor bars ( 39H shown in the pictures) Anchor bolt - HPM / PPM wall edge l m,2 a m,2 l tot,tr 2 1 a m,2 Ø m,2 Ø m,2 l m,2 2 wall edge Wall shoe Wall Shoe

15 Annex A Supplementary reinforcement Models with four anchor bars Table 6. Supplementary reinforcement required (CAN 400W / USA Grade 60). Supplementary continuity reinforcement Reinforcement bars 1 Supplementary transverse reinforcement Stirrup 3 Supplementary reinforcement with stirrups Ø s a s 39P 45P 52P 4 Ø 35M 4 Ø # mm 4 4 Ø 35M 4 Ø # mm 5 4 Ø 35M 4 Ø # mm 5 n s Figure 9. Supplementary reinforcement for Wall Shoes with four anchor bars ( 39P shown in the pictures). Anchor bolt - PPM wall edge n s n s a s a s Ø s Ø s wall edge Wall shoe Anchor bolt - PPM 1 3 Version: Canada and United States 08/

16 Installation of Wall Shoe INSTALL THE PRODUCT PRECAST FACTORY Identification of the product Wall Shoes are available in standard models analogous to the M-thread sizes of the HPM and PPM Anchor Bolts. The model of the wall shoe can be identified by the name on the product label and also according to the color of the product. The color codes are shown in the table below. Wall Shoe with corresponding Peikko Anchor Bolts. Wall Shoe Anchor Bolt Color Code 16H HPM 16 + AL 16 Yellow 20H HPM 20 + AL 20 Blue 24H HPM 24 + AL 24 Gray 30H HPM 30 + AL 30 Green 39H HPM 39 + AL 39 Orange 30P PPM 30 + AL 30 Black 36P PPM 36 + AL 36 Red 39P PPM 39 + AL 39 Brown 45P PPM 45 + AL 45 Purple 52P PPM 52 + AL 52 White 16 Wall Shoe

17 Installation of Wall Shoe Installation of the wall shoes The Wall Shoes are placed into the reinforcement of the wall and attached to the mold. This may be done using bolts or clamps. Supplementary reinforcement must be provided in accordance with Annex A. The maximum installation tolerances of the wall shoe in the precast wall element are given in the table below. Installation tolerance of wall shoe and anchor bolt. T w,t T w,l Wall Shoe Longitudinal direction Transversal direction T w,l T w,t 16H ± 3/16 ±2 mm ±3/32 20H ± 3/16 ±2 mm ±3/32 24H ± 3/16 30H ± 3/16 39H ± 3/16 30P ± 3/16 36P ± 3/16 39P ± 3/16 45P ± 3/16 ±4 mm ±5/32 52P ± 3/16 ±4 mm ±5/32 T T T T Top level of foundation or wall h b 20 Anchor Bolt HPM 16 HPM 20 HPM 24 HPM 30 HPM 39 PPM 30 PPM 36 PPM 39 PPM 45 PPM 52 Protrusion of the bolt Installation tolerance for the single bolt h b T* 100 mm mm 4 3/8 115 mm 4 1/2 135 mm 4 3/8 160 mm 6 1/4 145 mm 5 3/4 165 mm 6 1/2 ±4 mm ±5/ mm 7 1/4 ±4 mm ±5/32 *The installation tolerances for bolts are in accordance with the technical manual for HPM and PPM Anchor Bolts 195 mm 7 5/8 ±4 mm ±5/ mm 8 5/8 ±3/16 Version: Canada and United States 08/

18 Installation of Wall Shoe INSTALL THE PRODUCT CONSTRUCTION SITE Identification of the product Wall Shoes are available in standard models analogous to the M-thread sizes of the HPM and PPM Anchor Bolts. The model of the wall shoe can be identified by the name on the product label and also according to the color of the product. The color codes are shown in the table below. Wall Shoe color identifi cation. Wall Shoe Anchor Bolt Color Code 16H HPM 16 + AL 16 Yellow 20H HPM 20 + AL 20 Blue 24H HPM 24 + AL 24 Gray 30H HPM 30 + AL 30 Green 39H HPM 39 + AL 39 Orange 30P PPM 30 + AL 30 Black 36P PPM 36 + AL 36 Red 39P PPM 39 + AL 39 Brown 45P PPM 45 + AL 45 Purple 52P PPM 52 + AL 52 White Erection of precast walls The precast wall element is erected to the correct height with the help of shim plates. The element must be supported with temporary braces. The element must be checked to ensure that it is in the right position before the nuts are tightened using a box-end wrench and a 1.5 kg / 3 lb sledgehammer or equivalent. As the nuts are tightened, the washer must be turned inside the recess area. The lower joint of the element can be grouted afterwards or the element can be erected on fresh non-shrinking mortar. Before the upper structures are erected, the joint underneath the wall and bolt recesses should be grouted in accordance with the instructions of the grout material provider. The grout must be of a non-shrinking type. After the grouting has reached sufficient strength, the connection is finalized. 18 Wall Shoe

19 Installation of Wall Shoe Erection of a precast concrete wall step by step. The wall is installed on preleveled shim plates The nuts and washers are screwed on and tightened. The connection is ready for grouting The finalized connection after the grouting has hardened 20 Installation tolerance of precast wall and anchor bolt. T c,l T c,t c L c L Wall Shoe Tolerances of precast wall in longitudinal direction Tolerances of precast wall in transversal direction T c,l T c,t 16H ±20 mm ±3/4 ±3/16 20H ±20 mm ±3/4 ±3/16 24H ±20 mm ±3/4 ±3/16 30H ±20 mm ±3/4 ±3/16 39H ±20 mm ±3/4 ±3/16 30P ±20 mm ±3/4 ±3/16 36P ±20 mm ±3/4 ±3/16 39P ±20 mm ±3/4 ±3/16 45P ±20 mm ±3/4 ±6 mm ±1/4 52P ±20 mm ±3/4 ±6 mm ±1/4 T T T T Top level of foundation or wall h b 20 Anchor Bolt HPM 16 HPM 20 HPM 24 HPM 30 HPM 39 PPM 30 PPM 36 PPM 39 PPM 45 PPM 52 Protrusion of the bolt Installation tolerance for the single bolt h b T* 100 mm mm 4 3/8 115 mm 4 1/2 135 mm 4 3/8 160 mm 6 1/4 145 mm 5 3/4 165 mm 6 1/2 ±4 mm ±5/ mm 7 1/4 ±4 mm ±5/32 *The installation tolerances for bolts are in accordance with the technical manual for HPM and PPM Anchor Bolts 195 mm 7 5/8 ±4 mm ±5/ mm 8 5/8 ±3/16 Version: Canada and United States 08/

20 PEIKKO GROUP CORPORATION Peikko Group Corporation is a leading global supplier of concrete connections and composite structures. Peikko s innovative solutions make the customers building process faster, easier and more reliable. Peikko has subsidiaries in over 30 countries in Asia-Pacific, Europe, the Middle East, and North America, with manufacturing operations in 9 countries. Our aim is to serve our customers locally with leading solutions in the field in terms of quality, safety, and innovation. Peikko is a family-owned and run company with over 1200 professionals. Peikko was founded in 1965 and is headquartered in Lahti, Finland.