Bamboo in the Urban Environment - AGENDA 4-6 May 2016 University of Pittsburgh

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1 Bamboo in the Urban Environment - AGENDA 4-6 May 2016 University of Pittsburgh 4 May: Benedum Hall (BEH) Room am to 3 pm ISO Bamboo Task Group meeting Meeting Agenda attached noon Lunch (boxed lunch in BEH 102) 3:00 pm Architecture final projects Post Earthquake Nepal (display in BEH 102) 4:00 pm WHSEL Laboratory tour (Benedum Hall) 6 pm dinner at Porch on Schenley (5 minute walk from Benedum Hall) May 5: University Club (UC) Ballroom A 8 am to 6 pm Bamboo Research Symposium Noon Schedule attached lunch on UC veranda (best view on campus!) 1 pm Keynote Presentation: Research and development of engineered bamboo structures - a state of the art report, Professor Yan Xiao, Nanjing Tech University 7:30 pm dinner at Haufbrauhaus at South Side Works May 6: Frank Lloyd Wright s Fallingwater House 9:00 am Bus to Fallingwater (90+ minutes) noon Fallingwater tour 1:30-3:00 lunch at Fallingwater Schoolhouse 5:00 pm Return to hotel The objective of the Symposium is to gather international bamboo researchers together to discuss ISO standardisation efforts and to facilitate introductions. While the technical content of the Symposium and the progress made in the ISO Bamboo Task Group are primary deliverables of this Symposium, it is anticipated that more concerted international collaborations will develop among the participants. Thus the symposium is more about the future of international bamboo research

2 INBAR Task Group meeting 4 May 2016 Call to Order and introduction of delegates and Symposium Harries housekeeping Welcome from INBAR Board McAlpine Welcome from INBAR Task Group Coordinator Liu Opening discussion from Task Group chair Trujillo Review of Test Methods Harries Summary of changes, compromises and justification Observations from Symposium participants Addressing objections in balloting process Update/future of Laboratory Manual Development of WD Strength Grading Trujillo Summary of intent, justification, experimental background, compromises, proposed approaches and levels of safety Observations from Symposium participants Next stages: o validation for other species o Technical Report o process for strong objections Shear wall testing and interpretation to ISO Trujillo Introduction of intent and justification Comments/Observations Symposium participants Plan for experimental work and expert contributions Box Lunch Development of structural engineered bamboo standards Sharma Introduction: state-of-the-art of engineered bamboo standards Comments/Observations Symposium participants Plan for moving forward Revision to ISO Structural design Trujillo Introduction, brief critique of ISO and current developments Discussion: does the state-of-the-art allow for a bamboo design standard? Proposal: necessary research, drafting and declaration Wrap-up, conclusions, action items Frith and 14:30-15:00 Trujillo 15:00 15:30 Technical Presentation: Earth and Bamboo: Experience from Nepal Adhikary 15:30-16:00 Brief introduction of Architecture Projects on display on BEH 102 Guignon and Tour of Watkins Haggart Structural Engineering Laboratory and Harries 16:00 demonstration of selected test techniques graduate students 18:00 Dinner at Porch on Schenley (reservation under bamboo )

3 Technical Presentations 5 May 2016 materials testing codes and standards engineered bamboo international applications and education 0800 Call to Order continental breakfast will be available Harries Welcome and introduction of delegates Harries Welcome from INBAR (McAlpine and Frith) and IEE (Patton) Bamboo Materials Testing Progress and Challenges Harries Flexural properties as a basis for bamboo strength grading Jangra Study of Bending Properties of Some Indonesian Bamboo Culm Nugroho Based on Deflection and Ultrasonic Wave Velocity Methods Allowable Stress and Reference Resistance of Bamboo Tri Bahtiar Structural Bamboo and the Building Codes Sands Present and Future of Design and Building Code Specifications Correal for Bamboo Structures Structural design of bamboo guadua angustifolia Kunth Gonzalez buildings designed according to the requirements of the NSR-10, Title G.12 Improved connections for guadua angustifolia structures taking García advantage of the ductile behavior under compression along the transverse axes Sustainability of Social Housing in Asia: A Holistic Lopez Multi-Perspective Development Process for Bamboo-Based Construction in the Philippines Fire resistance properties of bamboo and bahareque type Webb bamboo frames Lunch on UC veranda Keynote Lecture Research and development of engineered Xiao bamboo structures - a state of the art report Development of Engineered Bamboo for Structural Design Sharma Mechanical properties of laminated bamboo lumber Haitao Densification technologies as a way forward to the development Sharma for of structural engineered bamboo products Archila Bamboo builds dream to create a healthy life Xiong LVB Definitions and Testing Procedure Maxwell Coffee Break Bamboo Research and Development in Puerto Rico Acevedo Growing Bamboo in the United States Linn Introducing Bamboo as a Non-Conventional Construction Nuramo Material to the Higher Education in Ethiopia Bamboo Construction Manual Girma Prosperity through Full Culm Geodesic Structures Zook Bamboo Academic Management (BAM) Avraham 1745 Declaration from Symposium Chairs 1800 Adjourn Harries

4 Participants GII Project Team Kent Harries University of Pittsburgh USA Symposium Chair David Trujillo Coventry University UK ISO meeting Chair Oliver Frith INBAR PRC Naresworo Nugroho Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia Ramesh Chaturvedi IIT (retired) India Invited Participants Pablo Acevedo U. Puerto Rico Mayaguez USA Nripal Adhikary ABARI Nepal Drew Armstrong U. of Pittsburgh Architecture USA Jason Avraham TieBam Inc USA and Vietnam Veronica Correa Giraldo Kaltia Mexico Juan Correal Universidad de los Andes Colombia Lizzie Crumley University of Pittsburgh USA J.J. Garcia Universidad del Valle Colombia Mateo Gutierrez Gonzalez Universidad La Gran Colombia Colombia Rebecca Glucksman University of Pittsburgh USA Christopher Guignon U. of Pittsburgh Architecture USA Li Haitao Nanjing Forestry University PRC Suneina Jangra Coventry University UK Lui Kewei INBAR PRC Andrew Linn World Bamboo Organisation USA Luis Felipe Lopez Base Bahay Inc Philippines Claudio Maxwell Lamboo Inc. and Memeplex USA Jan McAlpine INBAR and Former Director, United Nations Forum on Forests, USA Wade Miller UDPRaxis USA Maximiliano Montes Colombia Denamo Addissie Nuramo Addis Ababa University Ethiopia Chris Papadopoulos U. Puerto Rico Mayaguez USA Shawn Patton IIE USA GII Program Manager Shawn Platt University of Pittsburgh USA Michael Richard Simpson, Gumpertz and Heger USA David Sands Bamboo Living USA Bhavna Sharma University of Bath UK Effendi Tri Bahtiar Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia Janine Vieira UFF Brazil Jelani Virgo University of Pittsburgh USA and Jamaica Kelly Webb Coventry University UK Xiong Xiaohong Jiangxi Province Precious Bamboo Development Co., PRC Yan Xiao Nanjing Tech University PRC Brian Zook UDPRaxis USA Clareesa Zook UDPRaxis USA Online Participants (apologies to those left off list, some did not identify themselves clearly) Hector Achilla; Richard Moran; Rodolfo Lorenzo; Seb Kaminski; Laura Villegas; Glory Maxwell; Eliza Llenza.

5 ABSTRACTS 4 May 2016 Earth and Bamboo: Experience from Nepal Nripal Adhikary International Network or Bamboo And Rattan, Kathmandu, Nepal nripal@abari.org Nepal lies in a seismically active and subtropical climactic zone, yet according to Nepal's Living Standard Survey 82% of the Nepali houses are made of earthen material. In order to tackle the challenge of earthquakes and high moisture, people in Nepal have used earth and bamboo/wood combination to create reinforced structures and high pitched yet light weight roofing system to tackle high rainfall. Using these techniques, people have built earthen structures as high as five stories. For last three years, the author has been revisiting these old techniques so that they can be used in modern design practices. Author has designed and supervised more than a dozen building using the combination of bamboo and earth and in this paper, author will describe the unique bamboo and clay construction techniques including earth and bamboo stitching techniques, postcompressed structures, bamboo reinforced domes, and many other architectural elements. Models and Posters Symposium participants are invited to review the final Architecture Design Studio projects, formally presented to a jury including Nripal Adhikary and Kent Harries 28 April This review is the culmination of three months of work on the design of an incremental housing development in Kathmandu, Nepal. The students have been exploring a wide spectrum of design issues, from the scale of the building material (specifically, bamboo) to the scale of an urban community with a focus on sustainability, as it relates to passive design and long-term thinking. Watkins Haggart Structural Engineering Laboratory Visit Symposium participants are invited to tour the Watkins Haggart Structural Engineering Laboratory with Professor Harries. On display will be a number of bamboo materials testing apparatus including the Test-Kit-in-a-Backpack.

6 5 May 2016 SESSION 1: MATERIALS TESTING Bamboo Materials Testing Progress and Challenges Kent A. Harries, PhD, FACI, FIIFC, Peng University of Pittsburgh, USA This presentation summarises recent advances made related to materials testing of full-culm bamboo with a focus on methods intended to capture dominate limits states observed in practice. Some discussion of revisions and new methods added to ISO will be presented. There remain a number of challenges to formalising materials testing of bamboo; these include appropriate definitions of characteristic and design values of mechanical properties and variation in laboratory expertise and practices. The presentation addresses both, focusing on variation of laboratory practice in common test methods and proposes resolutions to such issues. Flexural properties as a basis for bamboo strength grading Suneina Jangra and David Trujillo University of Coventry, UK jangras@uni.coventry.ac.uk Current design and construction codes (or standards) for bamboo do not contain strength grading procedures beyond cursory visual inspections. This deficiency arguably limits the safe and economic use of the material. This paper presents findings from an international research project which seeks to develop a strength grading system for bamboo culms. Over 200 four-point bending tests were carried out on Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Guadua a.k.) culms for which numerous mechanical and physical properties were measured. Correlations between flexural strength (f m,0), static modulus of elasticity (E m,s), dynamic modulus of elasticity from stress-waves (E d) and density (ρ), provided mediocre results with R 2 ranging from 0.27 to However, properties such as flexural stiffness (EI m,s), flexural capacity (M max) and mass per unit length (q), which are less dependent on geometric properties, provided much stronger correlations with R 2 ranging from 0.86 to The quality of these correlations indicates that these could be used as Indicating Properties for flexural capacity in a simple yet reliable strength grading procedure for bamboo. The findings of this paper invite to reconsider the extant stress-based approach for bamboo design, and instead move to a capacity-based approach as is often used with engineered timber products. Study of Bending Properties of Some Indonesian Bamboo Culm Based on Deflection and Ultrasonic Wave Velocity Methods Naresworo Nugroho, Lina Karlinasari, Bayu Dwi Sancoko and Indah Pratiwi Hutasuhut Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia nares@ipb.ac.id Bamboo is a raw material used as wood substitute. Indonesian bamboo has a short harvest period is only 3 to 5 years. Its potential is quite large and known as renewable resources which can fulfill

7 industry needed related to raw material. Bamboo grading was carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of the culm bamboo in determining the modulus of elasticity (MOE) based on destructive and non-destructive testing. Destructive testing was carried out using UTM (Universal Testing Machine) to determine static bending of MOEs based on ISO Meanwhile, nondestructive testing were conducted based on deflection method using grading machine Panter to determine MOEp and ultrasonic based method using SylvatestDuo for determine MOEus. Bamboo culm known as andong bamboo (Gigantochloa psedoarundinaceae) and betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) were used in this study. The results showed that andong bamboo possessed wall thickness, density, moisture content, as well as MOE were smaller than betung bamboo. The bamboo grading using ultrasonic waves method revealed that MOEus had about 2.83 times higher than MOEp, and 2.91 times greater than that MOEs in both andong and betung. Bamboo grading based on deflection method showed that MOEp was 1.03 times greater than MOEs. Allowable Stress and Reference Resistance of Bamboo Effendi Tri Bahtiar and Naresworo Nugroho Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia Using renewable material is one of green construction recommendations. Since bamboo is produced from renewable resources, it is become well promising material for green construction. As a construction material, bamboo should have allowable stress or reference resistance thus the designer could design a reliable construction. Allowable stress is needed when designer will design with allowable stress design (ASD) format, while reference resistance is needed when load and resistance factor (LRFD) will be applied. This study resulted design value of bamboo namely allowable stress and reference resistance for bending (F b, E, and E min), compression parallel to grain (F c), tension parallel to grain (F t), and shear (F v). Allowable stress value was calculated via statistic session in accordance with ASTM D within assumption that the mechanical properties distributed in normal distribution, while ASTM D was applied for calculating the reference resistance of bamboo within assumption that the mechanical properties distributed in Weibull distribution.

8 SESSION 2: CODES AND STANDARDS Structural Bamboo and Building Codes David Sands Bamboo Living, USA Present and Future of Design and Building Code Specifications for Bamboo Structures Juan F. Correal and Juan S. Echeverry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia International ISO standards have been developed for the prescription of structural design methods considering mechanical theory, and serviceability and durability conditions. However, building codes worldwide have are not yet implementing these standards or methods as mandatory, with few exceptions. The Colombian Building Code (NSR 10) has not only included more comprehensive design procedures, but also several recommendations for the preparation, fabrication, construction, and assembly of bamboo structures. However, these methods must be updated with state of the art findings and developments, as provided by research. Future research around bamboo is directed towards topics that are still unresolved or may be explored in depth, such as long term deflections, comprehensive design procedures of mechanical connections, determination of seismic response coefficients, or the application of bamboo structures for medium and high rise buildings. This presentation summarizes the key aspects of current design and building code specifications available for bamboo structures by taking the NSR 10 as example, as well as the research topics that are to be considered for further code implementation. Structural design of bamboo guadua angustifolia Kunth buildings designed according to the requirements of the NSR-10, Title G.12. Mateo Gutiérrez González Civil Engineering Faculty, Universidad La Gran Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia Since the publication of the Colombian earthquake-resistant building code of 2010 (NSR-10), the guadua Angustifolia Kunth (GAK) was recognized in Colombia, as a suitable structural element; however, structural designs made for this type of constructions are not common. In this presentation, there are several case studies, where guadua Angustifolia Kunth was used as the main material. Different architectural designs, commonly used in Colombia were selected; therefore, a structural system that will adjust to the different architectural distribution was chosen. The structural simulation was made in the commonly used program SAP2000; moreover, Structural analysis and structural design of each element was carried out following the requirements of the NSR-10, and finally the respective structural drawings were finished. In general, it was found that the bamboo is subjected to relatively low stress, as long as, an adequate structural system and low design loads are used. Nonetheless, in most of the cases, the structural design significantly affects the buildings architecture. The most critical stresses are due to the low capacity that the bamboo has to tolerate perpendicular compressive and shear. Also it was evident that, there are fundamental parameters for numerical simulation and for the design of each element, such as Poisson's relation, the coefficient of thermal expansion and the mechanical properties in different directions parallel to the fiber that have not yet been reported in the NSR 10. In that way, another research about mechanical and physical properties of bamboo GAK will be shown, which are many

9 of the new properties that should be include in new standards and updates of the current codes, such the fiber saturation point, the sorption isotherms, and the effect in the mechanical properties of moisture content and immunization techniques. Improved connections for Guadua angustifolia structures taking advantage of the ductile behavior under compression along the transverse axes Laura Villegas, Carolina Benítez, Richard G. Morán, José J. García Escuela de Ingeniería Civil y Geomática - Universidad del Valle - Cali Colombia josejgar@googl .com Guadua angustifolia (GA) is a species of bamboo that grows naturally in large areas of Central and South America. GA plantations play an important role to control water cycles and sequester carbon. GA exhibits high axial strength, however, it has not been extensively used in house construction, due in part to the lack of efficient low-cost mechanical joints. This may be explained by the hollow cylindrical shape and substantial geometrical variations of the culms, and the high anisotropy of the material. Thus, one of our aims has been the characterization of the mechanical anisotropy of GA. Main results indicate the low strength and fragile behavior under tensile and shear stress on the plane of the fibers, which explains many types of failures near the holes needed for bolted connections. Opposite to this, GA shows a ductile behavior under compression along the thickness of the culm or radial axis. By taking advantage of this property, we developed a joint to assemble light structures of GA slats, which consists of applying a high radial compressive strain with a bolt and two small confining curved steel plates. This joint showed an increase in strength and stiffness of about two-fold with respect to a joint without radial compression. Additionally, we are in the process to develop a system to join GA culms by applying external pressure on the culm using thin steel semi-rings, which can be easily tightened and connected to other elements. Pilot tests for the composed ring-culm system under axial and transverse loads have shown excellent force transmission capability and a ductile behavior. Our current aims are focused on developing different types of joints with this ring-culm system. Sustainability of Social Housing in Asia: A Holistic Multi-Perspective Development Process for Bamboo-Based Construction in the Philippines Corinna Salzer, Holger Wallbaum, Luis Felipe Lopez and Jean Luc Kouyoumji Base Bahay, Manila, Philippines luisfl@yahoo.com This paper highlights the need for a more inclusive and sustainable development of social housing in rapidly developing countries of Asia, Latin America, and Africa. At the example of the Philippines, a multi-perspective development process for a bamboo-based building system is developed. Sustainability Assessment Criteria are defined through literature review, field observations and interviews with three stakeholder clusters: (1) Builders and users of traditional bamboo houses in the Philippines; (2) Stakeholders involved in using forest products for housing in other countries around the world; and (3) Stakeholders in the field of social housing in the Philippines. Through coding and sorting of data in a qualitative content analysis, 15 sustainability assessment criteria are identified clustered into the dimensions society, ecology, economy, governance, and technology. Guided by the sustainability criteria and four implementation strategies: (A) Research about and (B) Implementation of the building technology; (C) Participation and Capacity Building of Stakeholders; and (D) Sustainable Supply Chains, a strategic roadmap was created naming, in total, 28 action items. Through segmentation of the complex problem into these action items, the paper

10 identifies one-dimensional methods leading to measurable, quantitative endpoints. In this way, qualitative stakeholder data is translated into quantitative methods, forming a pathway for a holistic assessment of the building technologies. A mid-point, multi-criteria, or pareto decisionmaking method comparing the 28 endpoints of the alternative to currently practiced conventional solutions is suggested as subject for further research. This framework paper is a contribution to how sustainable building practices can become more inclusive, incorporating the building stock of low-income dwellers. It bridges the gap between theoretical approach and practical applications of sustainability and underlines the strength of combining multi-dimensional development with stakeholder participation. Fire resistance properties of bamboo and bahareque type bamboo frames Kelly Webb and David Trujillo University of Coventry, UK aa7170@coventry.ac.uk Bamboo design and construction codes (or standards) contain no guidance about fire performance or means to achieve fire resistance. Similarly research into this field is scant. This paper reports on the findings of several fire tests carried out on Guadua angustifolia bamboo culms and bahareque type walls as used in bamboo frames in several countries throughout Latin-America. Reaction to fire tests to bamboo were carried out in a cone calorimeter to ISO Fire resistance tests to unprotected bamboo culms and two types of bahareque walls were carried out in a furnace to BS Only integrity was measured for the unprotected bamboo culms, whereas for the walls both integrity and insulation were assessed. The surviving bamboo culms were retrieved from the wall specimens and tested under axial loads to establish the degradation to the members stability. Findings demonstrate that bamboo culms fully exposed to fire have very limited fire resistance, and that bamboo culms contained within bahareque walls have some fire resistance, but current practice for bahareque walls would not achieve full integrity, insulation and stability for 30 minutes as would be required by many national Building Regulations. Improvements and considerations are proposed.

11 SESSION 3: ENGINEERED BAMBOO KEYNOTE LECTURE Engineered bamboo and GluBam a bamboo based GluLam Yan Xiao Nanjing Tech University, China yanxiao@njtech.edu.cn Development of Engineered Bamboo for Structural Design Bhavna Sharma, PhD University of Bath, UK b.sharma@bath.ac.uk Innovative construction materials need to be developed to provide sustainable alternative materials for the urban environment. One example is engineered bamboo, which is being researched globally for structural applications. The product uses raw bamboo in the form of a laminated composite. The composite section maintains the longitudinal fibres and thereby the strength properties inherent to the raw material. Currently produced as a board product that is mostly used in architectural and surface applications, the material can be utilised to form structural sections analogous to glue laminated timber products. Experimental research has shown the material to have good structural properties, however with limited demonstration of the material in construction. To transfer the material from the laboratory to practice, significant work is needed to develop standard test methods, as well as codes, whereby designers, engineers, and builders can utilise the material with confidence. The present work investigates the mechanical properties of engineered bamboo, and provides a comparison to timber and engineered timber products. Current testing methods and standards are explored with the aim to develop a global approach to the development of engineered bamboo as a competitive and sustainable alternative to conventional structural materials. Mechanical performance of laminated bamboo Haitao Li and Xiaohong Xiong Nanjing Forestry University, China lhaitao1982@126.com This report will introduce one kind of green building material named laminated bamboo lumber (LBL). Detailed manufacturing process for LBL will be introduced. Then the mechanical performance of LBL will be studied based on tensile tests, compressive tests, shear tests and bending tests results. The strain-stress relationship was proposed on the basis of the analysis. Some calculation formulas was proposed based on the test results. Comparison with other building materials will be done as well. In addition, some application examples will be shown in the report.

12 Densification technologies as a way forward to the development of Structural Engineered Bamboo products Hector F. Archila University of Bath, UK hector.archila@bath.edu Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) treatments were applied to the species of bamboo Guadua angustifolia Kunth to modify its micro-structure. These treatments resulted in densified strips of Guadua with a fairly even distribution of fibres across the section with minimal cell damage and improved mechanical properties. The densified Guadua strips were then laminated to form crosslaminated Guadua panels (G-XLam) that were subjected to rigorous non-destructive elastic compression and shear tests and destructive bending tests. G-XLam panels achieved twice the rigidity and density of comparable three and five layer cross laminated timber (CLT) panels with a quarter of the section thickness. Additionally, G-XLam panels produced 50% less waste and used 50% less glue than conventional bamboo lamination and densification methods. Overall, the research undertaken at the University of Bath has demonstrated the viability of using THM treatments to produce engineered bamboo products with improved and predictable mechanical properties, that are key for engineers and architects specifying these products for structural applications. Currently, the research project is developing lean manufacturing methods to apply these THM technologies to Guadua and other bamboo species. These will enable the rapid production of preengineered bamboo products close to the source, reduce transport by approximately a factor of five and ease the transformation of bamboo into high performance structural products. Bamboo builds dream to create a healthy life Xiaohong Xiong Jiangxi Province Precious Bamboo Development Co., Ltd., China This report will tell a story about the bamboo from its application in the old days to now and also introduce the overview of Jiangxi precious bamboo company LTD and its products. As one kind of green building materials, detailed manufacturing process for laminated bamboo lumbers (LBL) will be introduced. In addition, some application examples in building area will be shown in the report.

13 SESSION 4: INTERNATIONAL APPLICATIONS AND EDUCATION Bamboo Research and Development in Puerto Rico Pablo Acevedo Acevedo and Christopher Papadopoulos University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, USA and Bamboo was first introduced to Puerto Rico by the Spaniards in the 19th century, likely to minimize erosion and provide slope stability near roadways. During the early 20th century, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) established about two dozen species at the Tropical Agricultural Experiment Station (TARS) in Mayagüez, including several suitable for construction, leading to a brief period of research and commercialization through the 1950s. However, the only formal study of the mechanical properties of the local species (1962) excluded those most suitable for construction. While many of these species remain plentiful today, little or no commercial activity exists outside of arts and handicrafts. To inspire use of bamboo as a construction material in Puerto Rico for its multiple environmental, social, economic, and engineering benefits a new research program was established at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez in 2013 and is the subject of the Master s thesis of Pablo Acevedo, Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Basic Treatment Methods of Structural Bamboo Cultivated in Puerto Rico (2016). As a result, the Civil Engineering laboratories are now equipped to perform tension, compression, bow-tie shear, and bending tests of bamboo samples, in accordance with the 2004 ISO standards. Basic mechanical properties (e.g., elastic modulus and ultimate strength) of six local species (Bambusa tulda, Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa Oldhamii, Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa apus, and Guadua angustifolia) have been demonstrated to be comparable to those published in the literature. This work has inspired several other local initiatives focused on bamboo. Research is underway to investigate bamboo as a source of sustainable charcoal, as a source of fibers to reinforce concrete, and as a container for small biosand filters. A new undergraduate course entitled Structural Properties and Uses of Bamboo has been developed, student teams have used bamboo as the chief material at recent competitions of ASCE and ASM, and numerous presentations have been given on campus and to local communities. Bamboo is expected to be further developed in Puerto Rico for ecological and commercial purposes, featuring significant community stewardship and management. Growing Bamboo in the United States Andrew Linn American Bamboo Society and the World Bamboo Organization, USA andrewjasonlinn@gmail.com A fresh perspective on the potential of industrial bamboo growth in the Americas. The American Bamboo Society and the World Bamboo Organization are organizations that work together to promote the growth of bamboo and the use of bamboo products.

14 Introducing Bamboo as a Non-Conventional Construction Material to the Higher Education in Ethiopia Denamo A. Nuramo Ethiopian Institute of Architecture Building Construction and City Development (EiABC) Addis Ababa, Ethiopia denamo.addissie@eiabc.edu.et Provision of residential houses both in the urban and rural areas is a pressing problem in Ethiopia. About 75% of the urban population lives in uninhabitable, unhygienic and unconfined spaces. Provision of adequate resource to construct houses for the majority in the rural area is becoming a serious challenge especially wood and grass which are the main resource became almost unavailable in most parts of the country. Therefore, there is a vital need to identify, develop and utilize an alternative, sustainable and affordable construction material to meet the current housing provision challenge. According to literature, Ethiopia has a considerable resource of bamboo amounting more than 60% of Africa's bamboo resource. Its use in Ethiopia as a construction material is largely informal in nature and with a very little innovation producing less durable structures. While the traditional uses of bamboo as a construction material has a rich history in the country, its modern use is very much limited due to several reasons including lack of awareness among professional practitioners in the construction industry. Given this situation, Ethiopian Institute of Architecture Building Construction (EiABC), an institute at the Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia, trained theoretically and practically two cohorts of Architecture and Construction Management 3rd year university students from 2012 to 2014 to bring about awareness among young design and construction professionals. This research aims to assess how awareness creation strategy at a tertiary level is effective towards utilization of Bamboo as an alternative modern construction material in a developing country setting. The study attempts to provide a road map for future efforts in this regards. The research incorporates statistical analysis of data gathered through questionnaire from the students who participated in the trainings. Bamboo Construction Manual Haileyesus Girma Ethiopia haileyesusgirma@gmail.com This manual is prepared based on the training given for TVET teachers and local people which is held on one of the bamboo growing regions in Ethiopia and explains each and every steps of the bamboo construction process in well elaborated way. It starts with the basic knowledge of bamboo and preparation of bamboo culms which includes harvesting, preservation and drying. The construction process of concrete preservation tank is also included. Basic joinery and construction technique is explained in detail so that anyone can easily understand how to do the construction by his or her own. Six selected practical projects are shown with detailed steps of the construction process (drawings and cutting lists, laying out the matrix, organize elements in lay out, truss assembly, foundation, erection, location assembly and roof finishing).

15 Forget Everything You Think Know About Bamboo Claudio Maxwell Lamboo Technologies, USA Bamboo has many advantages for the construction market as a rapidly renewable sustainable resource, however its adaption has been slow due to the lack of understanding and information of its mechanical properties. Researchers have been studying bamboo species and processing technologies for construction material similar to wood composites for some time noticing its renewable benefits from its rapid growth cycle. This session will discuss the lamination procedure that has allowed bamboo result in the highest performance bio-based building material available to the industry. Engineered bamboo has now been added into the building codes and governing standardization bodies for structural applications. Bamboo just might be timber s toughest competitor with its greater strength and flexibility, suggesting an expanded role in structures made from natural materials in the future. As the need for more bio-based materials in the building and construction industries increases, architects and end-users have turned to bamboo for the design of building envelopes and enclosures, from curtain walls to windows to rainscreens. Architects are finding structural engineered bamboo can often replace traditional metals or timber products and add improved sustainability, uniformity and strength to a project. This presentation will discuss structural engineered bamboo, EBPs and laminated veneer bamboo (LVB) materials and how they are being used for building exteriors and load-bearing solutions. Learn more about this structurally-engineered material that can be used to develop more resilient buildings. Typical applications of structural bamboo products to building envelopes and structures that increase the use of rapidly renewable materials. General criteria for designing building envelope systems with engineered bamboo and LVB, including codes and standards, for greater use of rapidly renewable bamboo. Recent developments in structural bamboo products and how LVB construction products apply to various envelope options and performance needs for high-performance green building. Prosperity through Full Culm Geodesic Structures Brian Zook Universal Designs and Praxis, USA brian.zook@udpraxis.com At Universal Designs & Praxis, LLC (UDP) our vision is to foster prosperity by providing proven engineered solutions that are founded in simple and sustainable construction practices using local cost-effective materials, particularly full culm bamboo. Our objective is to share and coordinate the essential elements that are necessary to promote the health, welfare, and dignity associated through architecture. UDP plans to offer professional design and consultation services for constructing engineered geodesic structures to meet the fundamental needs of communities. Our company s current focus is primarily centered upon permanent dwellings (residences) and reliable food supplies (greenhouses). Using a recently developed, patented hub-strut connection, we will offer a unique low cost method of bamboo joinery allowing for effective load transmission and improved utilization of the bamboo s natural load carrying capacity. Our future vision is to expand

16 our focus to include the design and development of structures for clinics, schools, etc. There is a benefit to bamboo architecture through the rigidity and strength to weight advantage of the geodesic form. Scalability is possible for larger buildings without significantly impacting standard materials of construction through increased triangulation. The efficient use of materials and tolerance for variation in culm diameter of the struts, allows for less stringent standards for culm selection. A priority for UDP is to design structures that promote prosperity and are environmentally sustainable. The goal is to have an effective transfer of knowledge and general construction skills that may also provide business opportunities. Innovation is at the heart of our objectives. Through collaboration with our clients, we will encourage new variations to design. Incorporating indigenous culture and implementing advanced engineering standards, is an opportunity to introduce new architectural options for everyone. Bamboo Academic Management (BAM) BAM: The Center of a Sustainable Future Jason Avraham USA jason@tiebaminc.com Building a sustainable future is essential to protecting the planet and ensuring the human race continues to thrive. This hinges on participating in a more environmentally conscious use of resources. With this in mind, The Bamboo Academic Management (BAM) Center believes that bamboo will be a cornerstone in the use of ecological structural materials that will prevent deforestation and reduce our carbon footprint. In light of the central role that bamboo materials will play in the future, The BAM Center seeks to establish a one-year master s degree in bamboo studies. Currently, no such program exists in the United States. An educational foundation in the field is paramount in creating leaders to participate in the emerging importance of bamboo in both the economy and sustainable future. This master s course will be an attractive opportunity for both a university institution and its students to be vanguards in creating a better tomorrow. In founding a master s program centered on the application and management of bamboo resources, the BAM center hopes to not only expedite the emergence of the bamboo plant on the domestic and global scene, but create an epicenter of resources that industry leaders and communities alike can turn to. Our pioneering efforts will connect other institutions, organizations and individuals in the field and be the heart of an international infrastructure in this growing area. Integrating Bamboo into Urban Construction Through Standardization And Adoption of Related Technologies - The Case Of Ghana Kwabena Oppong-Peprah Deplus Company Limited and INBAR, Ghana kwabena.oppong.peprah@gmail.com The construction industry in Ghana largely has thrived on the use of Sand, Stone, Wood, Steel, Portland Cement and to some extent Glass. At the moment Ghana has depleted most of its naturally existing timber reserves. The density of mature timber species available per square hector has significantly reduced, such that it is envisaged that the already dying timber industry would suffocate with lack of mature timber logs for both export and local consumption. Population is ever increasing; the urban environments are recording higher rates of rural urban migration but urban infrastructure though expanding, in most cases is unable to match the rate of city growth. Some of

17 the typical causes of this scenario are: 1) Failure to plan for and 2 lack of full enforcement of planning laws; and 3) Financial and Logistics Unavailability. Considerations of Integrating Bamboo into construction in the Urban Environments offer to the industry the opportunity to: 1. Rethink the place that timber has enjoyed till date and explore the possibilities of establishing criteria for replacement with bamboo. 2. Through study, innovation and adoption of related engineering technologies worldwide, create standard base materials such as boards and logs, ready for further manipulation by designers of both massive structures and smaller furniture. 3. Leverage all the advantages of bamboo as a raw material to Improve on the sustainability and streetscape of our urban environments.

18 Links to Presentations materials testing codes and standards engineered bamboo international applications and education MAY 4 15:00 15:30 Earth and Bamboo: Experience from Nepal Adhikary MAY Welcome and introduction of delegates Harries Welcome from INBAR (McAlpine and Frith) and IEE (Patton) Bamboo Materials Testing Progress and Harries Challenges Flexural properties as a basis for bamboo Jangra strength grading Study of Bending Properties of Some Nugroho Indonesian Bamboo Culm Based on Deflection and Ultrasonic Wave Velocity Methods Allowable Stress and Reference Resistance of Tri Bahtiar Bamboo Structural Bamboo and the Building Codes Sands Present and Future of Design and Building Correal Code Specifications for Bamboo Structures Structural design of bamboo guadua Gonzalez angustifolia Kunth buildings designed according to the requirements of the NSR-10, Title G.12 Improved connections for guadua angustifolia García structures taking advantage of the ductile behavior under compression along the transverse axes Sustainability of Social Housing in Asia: A Lopez Holistic Multi-Perspective Development Process for Bamboo-Based Construction in the Philippines Fire resistance properties of bamboo and Webb bahareque type bamboo frames Keynote Lecture Research and development Xiao of engineered bamboo structures - a state of the art report Development of Engineered Bamboo for Sharma Structural Design Mechanical properties of laminated bamboo Haitao lumber Densification technologies as a way forward to the development of structural engineered bamboo products Sharma for Archila Bamboo builds dream to create a healthy life Xiong LVB Definitions and Testing Procedure Maxwell Bamboo Research and Development in Puerto Acevedo Rico Growing Bamboo in the United States Linn Introducing Bamboo as a Non-Conventional Nuramo Construction Material to the Higher Education in Ethiopia Prosperity through Full Culm Geodesic Zook Structures Bamboo Academic Management (BAM) Avraham