Urgent Post Fire Assessment and Upgrading of Two Old Markets in Amman Downtown

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1 The 5th Annual Quality Assurance for Sustainable Construction Materials Conference and Workshop on December 2017, initiated by Dubai Central Laboratory Dubai Municipality Urgent Post Fire Assessment and Upgrading of Two Old Markets in Amman Downtown Sami Habahbeh Manager of Consultations Division Constructions and Sustainable Buildings Center Royal Scientific Society

2 Post Fire Assessment and Upgrading of Two Old Markets Course Description The paper will present an overview of the Royal Scientific Society (RSS) experts urgent assessment and upgrading of Al-Balabseh and Philadelphia old markets - Amman downtown / Jordan, upon a severe fire in August, Consequently, immediate structural upgrading interventions and architectural rectification/decorative actions were decided to enhance the overall condition of the two markets with the intention to bring them back to service in less than one-month time. The paper will focus on showing different types of damages caused by the fire, their extent and assessment, and finally, the appropriate options, strategies and techniques selected for a successful upgrading.

3 Post Fire Assessment and Upgrading of Two Old Markets Presenter Sami Habahbeh Manager of Consultations Division; Constructions and Sustainable Buildings Center; CSBC; Royal Scientific Society; RSS. MSc. in Civil Engineering Structures. 25 Years as Structural Designer and Expert in Assessment & Rehabilitation / Retrofitting of Existing Buildings (& Forensic Investigations). Consultant in Structural Engineering JEA Highest Rank.

4 Post Fire Assessment and Upgrading of Two Old Markets Learning Objectives 1. Urgent assessment is based on the experience and the judgment of the assessing engineer, where the structural condition is exceptionally evaluated on the base of visual inspections. 2. In general concrete structures have historically performed well in building fires, because concrete is non-combustible and has relatively low thermal conductivity, as a result, structural failure (local or global collapse) of fire buildings is rare. Reinstatement by repair will, therefore, nearly always be preferable to demolition and rebuilding. 3. The colour of concrete after cooling frequently helps to indicate the maximum temperature attained. At about 300 ºC the colour changes to (pink), at about 600 ºC changes to (whitish gray) and then becomes (buff) at about 900 ºC.

5 The fire started at midnight 5 th of August, 2009

6 Post Fire Assessment and Upgrading of Two Old Markets Complex Salient Features Location: Amman-Downtown; main/central commercial district king Talal Street. Year of Construction: Before Description: Two adjacent buildings containing two markets: Philadelphia Market AL-Balabseh Market

7 Post Fire Assessment and Upgrading of Two Old Markets History of Fire Date : 5/ Duration : more than (8) hours Most Probable Cause Ignition Source ( electrical wiring fault ) Fire Scenario

8 Post Fire Assessment and Upgrading of Two Old Markets RSS Investigation Date : , Four days after fire Duration : One Month Scope of Work 1- Immediate visual inspection & evaluation 2- Deciding necessary safety measures 3- Presenting urgent strengthening and repair works and Supervising their execution

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17 Post Fire Assessment and Upgrading of Two Old Markets Safety Measures and Immediate Actions 1. Evacuation of the two buildings and separation from the surrounding occupied area by erecting safety barriers. 2. Supporting structural elements initially suspected as vulrnable to imminent failure or local collapse. 3. Demolishing and removing bulged or damaged block walls and partitions. 4. Dismantling and removing unfixed or hanging elements, false ceilings.etc. 5. Removal of disturbed and fractured stones, as well as, those expected to fall down within the skylight facades.

18 Assessment and Evaluation of Fire Damages RSS Urgent Assessment An immediate and thorough forensic fire assessment had to be carried out with clear objectives: 1. Identifying and assessment of damages. 2. Deciding the best methods for urgent repair/strengthening works. 3. The markets have to be re-opened as soon as possible to avoid additional indirect economic losses. Therefore, repair techniques and procedures should be effective and fast.

19 Assessment and Evaluation of Fire Damages RSS Urgent Assessment Based on experience and field inspections and observations, RSS team was able to identify the serious damages caused by the fire without the need for performing further elaborate and time consuming laboratory testing or analysis.

20 Assessment and Evaluation of Fire Damages RSS Urgent Assessment One the other hand, the team concluded (based on similar previous expertise and available literature review), that despite of the losses of strength of some structural elements, the affected buildings were still stable and capable of sustaining normal operation/ occupation loading. Yet, they need to be repaired and strengthened to accommodate specific structural and durability requirements.

21 Assessment and Evaluation of Fire Damages RSS Urgent Assessment It is noteworthy to emphasize here that, so far, about eight years beyond job completion date, the satisfactory performance of the two repaired structures has proved the correctness of immediate conclusions and decisions taken by RSS investigation team.

22 Rehabilitation and Repair Works Strategy for Rehabilitation 1. Strengthening of distressed structural elements. Priority was assigned to columns. 2. Stiffening of deflected or sagged slabs. 3. Replacement of damaged steel slabs and elements. 4. Repair of non-structural elements.

23 Rehabilitation and Repair Works Strategy for Rehabilitation 5. Superficial repairs, including plastering. 6. General restoration works, such as, tiling, finishes, painting, carpentry, steel/aluminum/gypsum decoration..etc. 7. Complementary sanitary works, including plumbing and replacement of some drainage pipes. 8. Miscellaneous electrical works and fire alarm device installation.

24 Rehabilitation and Repair Works Preparations and Clean-Out: 1. Removal and cleaning of fire debris. 2. Removal of delaminated /detached plaster, crushed tiles and spalled/weak/loose concrete segments. 3. Dismantling worn false ceilings and decorations. 4. Thorough cleaning of stone façades by Sand/ Grit-Blasting. 5. Cleaning of surfaces of ceilings, walls and floors by Water- Jetting.

25 Rehabilitation and Repair Works Work Execution Major Interventions Jacketing of Columns Skylight Slab Mezzanine Sagged Slab Back-Stair Flight Skylight Facades Glazed Slabs

26 Strengthening of Defected Columns

27 Bypass Composite System

28 Central Support RC Column with Top Crown/Panel

29 Strengthening with Stiff RC Cantilever

30 Multi-Layer Reinforced Plastering

31 First Floor Second Floor

32 Rehabilitation and Repair Works Work Execution Work Completion The whole rehabilitation and repair works were completed within the targeted time (30 days) coincidence with the Holly Ramadan Month, where the activities continued all days and nights until the reopening ceremony on 16/9/2009