INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN (Print),

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1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET) ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp IAEME: Journal Impact Factor (2014): (Calculated by GISI) IJCIET IAEME PARTIALLY PROCESS STEEL SLAG USED AS CEMENT REPLACEMENT IN SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE (S.C.C) Syed Muqueet Ali, Prof. D.N.Kakde Department of civil engineering, P.E.S. College of engineering, Aurangabad ABSTRACT Self compacting concrete (SCC) exhibiting high-flow behavior is used to overcome conventional concrete problems such as honeycomb that occur as a result of improper compaction. Rapid increase in construction has brought heavy demand for ingredients of concrete such as cement and sand, and these materials are becoming costly and scarce. Use of steel slag, as by-product from the steel industries in concrete may help to conserve natural resources and at the same time an economically positive option. This paper represents investigation to study the performance of Self Compacting concrete prepared with utilizing steel slag as cementitious material. Compressive strength on Self compacting concrete with 0.5 water/cement ratio was investigated. Steel slag replacement varies from 0% to 30% are used. The fresh concrete properties are determined from L- channel, V-funnel flow time. Experimental results shows that the strength of concrete attain desirable value at 17% replacement by steel slag. Keywords: Compressive Strength, Steel Slag, W/C Ratio, Super Plasticizers. I. INTRODUCTION Self compacted concrete (SCC) is one of the newest forms of high performance concrete available on the market today. SCC is a material that meets a unique combination of performance and uniformity requirements that cannot always be achieved using conventional constituents and usual construction practices. It can spread readily into place and self-consolidate under its own weight without exhibiting any significant separation of constituents. These characteristics translate into substantial reduction in labor cost and construction time, and better working environment by eliminating the impact of vibration. This SCC technology can allow the construction industry to optimize material use, generate economic benefits, and build structures that are sound economically and environmentally. 156

2 Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is one of the main ingredients used for the production of Self compacting concrete. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is having major cost of concrete and production of cement involves emission of large amounts of carbon-dioxide gas into the atmosphere, a major contributor for green house effect and the global warming, hence it is inevitable either to search for another material or partially replace it by some other material. The search for any such material, which can be used as an alternative or as a supplementary for cement should lead to global sustainable development and lowest possible environmental impact. Concrete property can be maintained with advanced mineral admixtures such as Steel slag powder as partial replacement of cement 0 to 30%. Compressive strength of Steel slag concrete with different dosage of slag was studied as a partial replacement of cement. From the experimental investigations, it has been observed that, the replacement of Steel Slag Powder to cement without changing much the compressive strength is 17%. Following properties of concrete using pure cement and blended cements with Steels lag were tested and compared 1. Workability 2. Compressive strength II. OVERVIEW OF INGREDIENT OF CONCRETE 1 Nominal Max.Size of coarse aggregate 20 mm 2 Fineness Modulus Of Fine Aggregate 2.88 Confirming to zone II (IS ) 3 Fineness Modulus Of Coarse Aggregate 5.12 Confirming to zone II (IS ) 4 Specific Gravity Of Fine Aggregate Specific Gravity Of Steel Slag Cement Specific Gravity Of Coarse Aggregate Specific Gravity Of Cement Water Absorption of fine aggregates 4.75 % 9 Water Absorption of coarse aggregate 1.70 % 10 Water Absorption of steel slag 4.6 % III. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL SLAG a) Chemical properties of steel slag Sr.No. Constituent Percentage Mean Range 1 Calcium Oxide (CaO) Silicon Dioxide (SiO 2 ) Aluminum Oxide (Al 2 O3) Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Iron (FeO or Fe 2 O3) Manganese Oxide (MnO) Sulfur (S)

3 b) Physical properties of steel slag Sr.No Physical Properties Steel Sagle 1 Colour Black 2 Specific gravity Appearance Crystalline 4 Compacted Unit Weight (KN/m 3 ) Absorption (%) 4.6% of total weight IV. TESTS ON FRESH CONCRETE o V-Funnel Test: The flow ability of the fresh concrete can be tested with the V-funnel test. The funnel is filled with about 12 liters of concrete and the time taken for it to flow through the apparatus is measured. Further, T 5min is also measured with V-funnel, which indicates the tendency for segregation, wherein the funnel can be refilled with concrete and left for 5 minutes to settle. If the concrete shows segregation, the flow time will increase significantly. o L-Box: The passing ability is determined using the L- box test. The vertical section of the L- Box is filled with concrete, and then the gate lifted to let the concrete flow into the horizontal section. The height of the concrete at the end of the horizontal section is expressed as a proportion of that remaining in the vertical section (h2/h1). This is an indication of passing ability. The specified requisite is the ratio between the heights of the concrete at each end or blocking ratio to be

4 Acceptance Criteria for SCC as per EFNARC: Test Range Result V-Funnel (sec) sec L-Box(h2 /h1) V. TESTED TO FULFILL THE IS REQUIREMENTS Designed Self compacting concrete (SCC) mix of M-30 grade having mix proportion 1:1.99:1.7 with w/c ratio 0.5 same for different percentages of steel slag 0%,10%, 15%,17%,20%, 25% and 30% were used in concrete. The concrete ingredients namely, cement, steel slag, and course aggregate were first mixed in the dry state and water with super plasticizer was added last. Cubes of size 150x150x150 mm for compressive strength were casted. The replacement of cement by steel slag in self compacting concrete was done at 0%, 10%, 15%, 17%, 20%, 25% and 30% by weight of cement. All the samples were cured for 7 days to 28 days. For each batch of slag percentage replacement, 6 specimens were cast. Details of the experimental investigation of used of steel slag in different percentages as cement replacement are as fallows. Test conducted UTM (universal testing machine) was used as a test set up for carrying out the test on hardened concrete. The test was carried out for finding the flexural strengths and compressive strengths. A standard test procedure is followed for each test and strength performance of hardened concrete is studied. Compressive strength Compressive strength was calculated by placing the cubes of size 150x150x150 mm on UTM. The Compressive strength calculated by formula Fcu = P/A Where Fcu =compressive strength of cube, MPa or N/mm2 P = Compressive load at failure, N A = area of loading face of cube, mm2 159

5 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN (Print), E Test arrangement for Compressive Test Fig Test arrangement for Compressive Test % 10% 15% 17% 20% 25% 30% 7Days 28 Days Fig Compressive strength (N/mm 2 ) V/S replacement percentage of steel slag VI. CONCLUSION Following are the conclusions drawn from the above research work [1] 17 % replacement of cement with unprocessed steel slag gives desirable compressive strength [2] At 10% of replacement of cement with unprocessed steel slag gives optimistic compressive strength and further replace up to 17%. [3] The cost of concrete is less than convention concrete. [4] Thus use of steel slag in concrete could enhance the strength in concrete. 160

6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank the Management, Principal, Head of Civil Engineering Department and staff of P.E.S engineering College, Aurangabad and Authorities of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University for their support. The authors express their deep sincere thanks to Prof.D.N.Kakde (Department of Civil Engineering, PES Aurangabad) for her tremendous support and valuable guidance from time to time. REFERENCES [1] Properties and hydration of blended cement with steel making slag by Hellenic research center Ltd, Heracle group, 15K Patile, lykoverisssi, Athens, Greece. (9 march 2007). [2] C.Shi, J.Qian, High performance cementing material from steel slag a review, resources, Conservation and recycling 29(3) (2000) [3] Chan WWJ.CML Wu2000. Durability of concrete with high cement replacement cements concrete research 30(6): [4] Riyaz Khan and Prof.S.B.Shinde, Effect of Unprocessed Steel Slag on the Strength of Concrete when used as Fine Aggregate, International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET),Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013, pp , ISSN Print: , ISSN Online: [5] H. Okamura, Self-compacting High-Performance Concrete, Concrete International 19 (7) (1997) [6] EFNARC Specification and Guidelines for Self-Compacting concrete. EFNARC (European Federation of Producers and Applicators of Specialist Products for Structures). [7] Pal, S.C., Mukherjee, A., and Pathak, S.R., Corrosion Behavior of Reinforcement in Slag Concrete, ACI Materials Journal, V.99, No. 6, pp , November December, [8] Abbas S. Al-Ameeri and Rawaa H. Issa, Effect of Sulfate on the Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Reinforced by Steel Fiber, International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET),Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013, pp , ISSN Print: , ISSN Online: