Central NY Engineering Expo, Syracuse, NY

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1 Central NY Engineering Expo, Syracuse, NY Jim D Aloisio, P.E., SECB, LEED AP Klepper, Hahn & Hyatt Structural Engineering Landscape Architecture jad@khhpc.com Building Envelope Systems

2 Complicated and Labyrinthian Multi-referential and not concise Strict and unforgiving Not well understood Not always enforced Mandatory for most buildings Cannot be waived by code officials Rational and necessary

3 28 DEC 2010 ECCCNYS-10 adopted for commercial and residential, based on IECC- 09, referencing ASHRAE and introducing air barrier requirements. 1 JAN 2015 Commercial ECCCNYS-14 adopted, based on IECC-12, referencing ASHRAE Residential not included. 3 OCT 2016 ECCCNYS-15 to be adopted for commercial and residential, based on IECC- 15, referencing ASHRAE Requires blower door testing for most residences.

4 Current NYS ECCC Commercial Code Notice of Adoptions for ALL NYS Codes Supplement to NYS ECCC Effective 3 Oct S%20Energy%20Code%20Supplement% pdf

28 DEC 2010 ECCCNYS-10 (IECC-09) R = 20 ASHRAE 90.

6 28 DEC 2010 ECCCNYS-10 (IECC-09) R = 20 ASHRAE R = 20 1 JAN 2015 ECCCNYS-14 (IECC-12) R = 25 ASHRAE R = 20 3 OCT 2016 ECCCNYS-15 (IECC-15) R = 30 ASHRAE R = 30

7 28 DEC 2010 ECCCNYS-10 (IECC-09) R = 20 ASHRAE R = 20 1 JAN 2015 ECCCNYS-14 (IECC-12) R = 30 ASHRAE R = 20 3 OCT 2016 ECCCNYS-15 (IECC-15) R = 30 ASHRAE R = 30

8 Residential One and two family homes Multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) Group R-2, R-3, R-4 3 stories or less above grade Commercial Everything else

9 Team decision Prescriptive and mandatory requirements vary slightly Take NYS modifications into account Entire building project must be based on same code can t use elements of each

10 Prescriptive Method Variations C402.1 Envelope Options: Insulation R-Value C Assemblies U, C, F-Factor C Component Performance C Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing Performance Method Chapter C407

11 Prescriptive Method #1 All R-values are MINIMUM Only insulation is prescribed no accounting for rest of assemblies Cannot average R-Values Not the spirit of this compliance path Heat flow doesn t work that way Thermal mass effect is approximated Table is full of simplistic assumptions Doesn t account for all thermal bridging Still need to comply with Mandatory items

12 Prescriptive Method #2 Includes thermal conductivity of entire assemblies, including air films Must include separate determination of all different envelope areas Thermal bridging effects should be included, but U-factor calculation needed Thermal mass effect is approximated Cannot trade off efficiencies, i.e. better roof UA factor for lower wall UA factor Still need to comply with Mandatory items

13 Series Add up R-values along the path of heat flow Parallel Heat chooses path of least resistance

14 60 50 R-VALUE Inches of Aged Polyisocyanurate Insulation The R-Value is simply the amount of heat resistance present R=1/U The U-Factor is the actual rate of heat flow through the insulation U=1/R Reff = (Rmax-Rmin)/ln(Rmax/Rmin) U-FACTOR Inches of Aged Polyisocyanurate Insulation

Three equal roof areas with different amounts of insulation Average the U-factors by area, then invert the result. U=1/R and R=1/U R=2 R=6 R=10 Avg. R=6 NO! >> U=0.

15 Three equal roof areas with different amounts of insulation Average the U-factors by area, then invert the result. U=1/R and R=1/U R=2 R=6 R=10 Avg. R=6 NO! >> U=0.5 U=0.17 U=0.10 Avg. U=0.26 This equates to an actual average R-value of R=1/U= 3.9 << 6 Use U = 0.26 for this area, referring to Table C or for use with the Component Performance Alternative (ComCheck or ResCheck).

16 U-Factor: U Max Single-slope insulation options U (Avg.) 4 to 7 Polyiso Aged R-value is 5.7 per inch R-Value: R-30 Minumum regardless of additional insulation thickness needed for tapering to drains U (Avg.) 3 to 8½ Polyiso U (Avg.) 2 to 11 Polyiso R-30 (Min.) 5½ Polyiso minimum U (Avg.) 1 to 15½ Polyiso distance doesn t matter

17 U-Factor: U Max Single-slope insulation options U (Avg.) 7 to 9½ Mineral Fiber R-Value: R-30 Minimum regardless of additional insulation thickness needed for tapering to drains R-3.7 per inch R-30 (Min.) 8.5 Mineral Fiber minimum U (Avg.) 6 to 11 Mineral Fiber U (Avg.) 5 to 12½ Mineral Fiber U (Avg.) 4 to 14½ Mineral Fiber distance doesn t matter

18 1. Identify and tally areas with different insulation patterns. 2. Calculate average R-value for each area, using tables or other methods (do NOT average depth) 3. Invert (U = 1/R) for each area 4. Tally total (UxA) for all areas 5. Divide by total area 6. Invert to get average R-value

19 Using the R-Value Prescriptive Method, Can You Average R-Values?

WALL Component Outside air film Wood siding 1/12 Plywood sheathing R-0.62 R-13 Mineral Fiber w/ 2x4 Wood studs @ 16 Equivalent U-Factor R-0.17 R-0.8 R-12.

20 WALL Component Outside air film Wood siding 1/12 Plywood sheathing R-0.62 R-13 Mineral Fiber w/ 2x4 Wood 16 Equivalent U-Factor R-0.17 R-0.8 R ⅝ Gypsum wallboard R-0.56 Interior air film Total R-Value Equivalent U-Factor (1/R) Maximum Allowable U-Factor (See Table C ) R-0.68 R Climate Zones 4 Zone & 56

21 All studs 16 o.c. J. Straube, 2007 Building Science Corp.

24 Unmitigated Detail: U-Factor for 36 height = 0.44 Alternate Detail: U-Factor for 36 height = 0.13

25 Proprietary system for brick shelf angle support Comes in both galvanized & stainless steel

26 Original Detail Modified Detail

27 Original Detail Modified Detail

28 Original Detail: Continuous angle supporting wood roof blocking Modified Detail: Clip angle, 6 long, 24 o.c. supporting wood roof blocking

29 Original Detail Modified Detail

30 High School, Upstate NY Only supporting 24 inches of brick

33 Original Detail: Steel cantilever beam attached directly to interior steel support Modified Detail: MSTBA between cantilever beam and interior steel support

34 Original Detail Modified Detail

36 SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY MANLEY FIELDHOUSE ICE STORAGE ADDITION

Paint with aerogel insulation added for conductive resistance R-4.1 per inch, applied 25-50 mils = R-0.

2 total Mainly used to reduce potential for condensation Requires surface prep, prime coat, and

37 Paint with aerogel insulation added for conductive resistance R-4.1 per inch, applied mils = R-0.1 to 0.2 total Mainly used to reduce potential for condensation Requires surface prep, prime coat, and protection coat Apply to steel 24 inches out from insulation plane on both interior and exterior sides Verify insulation properties of paint - there are imposters! Photo credits: Greg Pope / Righter Group, Inc.

38 Carbon Steel Stainless Fiberglass Steel

39 Condensation at low-heeled wood roof trusses + rafters Solutions: 1. Insulate around heels 2. Install insulated crown molding

41 Balcony Slab

47 Prescriptive Method #3 Trade off heat flow potential through A. Roof areas (U-factor x area) B. Opaque wall areas (U-factor x area) C. Fenestration areas (U-factor x area) D. Slab on grade edges (F-factor x length) E. Below grade wall ins. (C-factor x area) Thermal bridging effects can and should be included, but U-factor calculation needed Thermal mass effect is approximated Still need to comply with Mandatory items

48 Uses Component Trade-Off Method Choose either IECC or ASHRAE 90.1 Clearly organizes relevant information Helpdesk answers questions within 2 days Straightforward and flexible Free! Download COMCheck

49 Energy modeling to show energy costs of proposed building 85% of model building Model building is modeled using prescriptive U-factor requirements Thermal bridging effects can and should be included, and not ignored Thermal mass effect is approximated in both model building and proposed Still need to comply with Mandatory items

50 What are the different building envelope compliance paths for the Energy Code? (hint: There are FOUR) Prescriptive R-Value Prescriptive U, C, and F Factor Building Envelope Component Trade-off (COMcheck) Performance (energy modeling)

51 Air Barrier C402.5 test or comply with: Continuous, sealed edges, pen s C Approved mat ls or assemblies C Fenestration C Fuel-burning appliances C Door and access openings C Air intakes, opn gs, stairs, shafts C * Loading dock weatherseals C * Vestibules C * Recessed lighting C OR 75 Pa blower door test < 0.40 cfm/ft 2 AND *

52 Big source of annual convective energy loss Easy to address (during construction)

62 Utotal = 2531 BTU/hr F Top of Foundation Opaque Walls Fenestration Thermal Bridging Roof Convective Losses

63 Which of these can be used as an effective air barrier in building construction? Standard Building Wrap..NO Gypsum Drywall...Yes, if Painted CMU block.yes, if 10 min Polyethylene..NO Ice and Water Shield..YES

64 Historic buildings are exempt No mandate to update exist. buildings Additions C502.2 Either Additions alone comply, or Additions + existing building complies Alterations C503 Repairs C504 Change of Occupancy C505

65 All engineers involved in the design and construction of buildings should have a basic working knowledge of the Energy Code and a general understanding of how heat flow occurs through a building envelope. - Jim D Aloisio, 2016

66 Central NY Engineering Expo, Syracuse, NY Jim D Aloisio, P.E., SECB, LEED AP Klepper, Hahn & Hyatt Structural Engineering Landscape Architecture jad@khhpc.com Building Envelope Systems