KEEP YOUR FAMILY SAFER FROM EARTHQUAKES AND TYPHOONS BY MAKING SURE YOUR HOUSE FOLLOWS THESE 6 BASIC PRINCIPLES

Transcription

1 KEEP YOUR FAMILY SAFER FROM EARTHQUAKES AND TYPHOONS BY MAKING SURE YOUR HOUSE FOLLOWS THESE 6 BASIC PRINCIPLES 5. WELL BRACED WALLS FIRMLY CONNECTED TO THE FOUNDATION 6. STURDY ROOF FIRMLY CONNECTED TO THE WALLS 1. SAFE LOCATION 4. SOLID FOUNDATION 2. SMALL and SIMPLE LAYOUT 3. GOOD QUALITY MATERIALS

2 1. HOW TO CHOOSE A SAFE LOCATION 35% FLAT MAX 10% 1..1 Choose a site with a slope of less than 35%. 10 m MIN 10 m MIN 1.2 Choose a site that is at least 10 meters away from landslide prone areas or unstable slopes. 10 m MIN 1.3 Choose a site that is at least 10 meters away from rivers, ravines and flood prone areas.

3 1. HOW TO CHOOSE A SAFE LOCATION (continue) 1.4 Choose a site that has stable and well-consolidated ground. 1.5 m 1.5 Choose a site that is a safe distance of 1.5 m from other houses, this also helps in the case of fires.

4 2. HOW TO DESIGN A SMALL AND SIMPLE LAYOUT L B 4 L 2.1 Give the home a simple shape, such as a square or a rectangle that s not too long or too narrow. B ROOF ROOF 1F GF GF 2.2 Give the home a single floor. If it must have two floors, make the second floor no bigger than the first. 5 m 5 m MAX 4.5 m MAX 4.5 m MAX 4.5 m 2.3 For MASONRY homes, make unsupported walls no more than 4.5 meters long. For TIMBER FRAME homes, make unsupported walls no more than 3.5 meters long.

5 3. HOW TO CHOOSE GOOD QUALITY MATERIALS GLASS TEST GLASS TEST TOO FINE MUDDY WATER COARSE CLEAR WATER LEAVES ROOTS SAND SAND RUBBISH 3.1 Choose dust-and-dirt-free coarse river sand. TOO BIG ROUNDED RIVER GRAVEL REGULAR SIZE CRUSHED GRAVEL SAND RUBBISH 3.2 Choose crushed, dust-and-dirt-free gravel that is no larger than 2 centimeters. 3.3 Choose blocks that don t break when you drop them on hard ground from head height.

6 3. HOW TO CHOOSE GOOD QUALITY MATERIALS (continue) SMOOTH, RUSTED, REUSED BAR RIBBED BAR 3.4 Use type 1 cement and new, straight ribbed steel reinforcement bars free of rust. NOT TREATED NATURAL WOODEN POLES TREATED SAWN LUMBER ROTTEN TERMITES 3.5 Use pre-treated sawn lumber planks, if not, treat them with wood preservative.

7 4. HOW TO BUILD A STRONG FOUNDATION BLOCK MASONRY WALL PLASTER PLINTH BEAM BLOCK MASONRY WALL STONE MASONRY FOUNDATION LEAN CONCRETE LAYER 4.1 For MASONRY homes, use a stone masonry foundation with a continuous reinforced concrete plinth beam. VERTICAL TIMBER POST RC FOUNDATION VERTICAL TIMBER POST STEEL CONNECTOR MIN cm LEAN CONCRETE LAYER 4.2 For TIMBER FRAME homes, add isolated reinforced concrete footings under each post or add a continuous reinforced concrete plinth beam.

8 5. HOW TO BUILD WELL BRACED WALLS FIRMLY CONNECTED TO THE FOUNDATION RING BEAM SILL & LINTEL BANDS CORNER COLUMN PLINTH BEAM DOOR & WINDOW JAMBS 5.1 For MASONRY homes, add vertical RC ties at corners, intersections and around openings and hook them into the foundation. Add horizontal RC plinth, sill, and ring beam, with windows extending to the ring beam above. MIN 40d 5.2 Overlap any steel reinforcement intersections or bar ends by at least 40 times the bar s diameter. 3 m 3 m 3 m MAX 1.5 m MAX 1.5 m MAX 1.5 m MAX 1.5 m MAX 1.5 m 5.3 For TIMBER FRAME homes, place vertical posts no more than 1.5 meters apart in all exterior and interior walls.

9 5. HOW TO BUILD WELL BRACED WALLS FIRMLY CONNECTED TO THE FOUNDATION (continue) BOLT/ PEG GUSSET PLATE 5.4 For TIMBER FRAME homes, firmly attach cross bracing between vertical posts in all exterior and interior walls.

10 6. HOW TO BUILD A STURDY ROOF FIRMLY CONNECTED TO THE WALLS GABLE ROOF MONOSLOPE ROOF 6.1 Choose a hipped roof design. HIPPED ROOF 10 deg deg 6.2 Design the roof to have a slope of more than 20 deg and less than 40 deg and an overhang of less than 30 centimeters. 6.3 Design the veranda roof to be separate from the home s main roof.

11 6. HOW TO BUILD A STURDY ROOF FIRMLY CONNECTED TO THE WALLS (continue) MASONRY GABLE GABLE ROOF GABLE ROOF WOODEN PLANKS Or CGI 6.4 If the roof has to have two slopes, make the gable from light-weight material like wood or CGI sheeting. NATURAL WOODEN POLES 2 x4 SAWN LUMBER ELEMENTS MAX 3.5 m ANY 2 x4 SAWN LUMBER ELEMENTS 6.5 Build trusses out of 2 x4 sawn lumber. MIN 3.5 m 3 m 1.5 m 1.5 m ANY MAX 4.5 m 6.6 Place trusses no more than 1.5 meters apart.

12 6. HOW TO BUILD A STURDY ROOF FIRMLY CONNECTED TO THE WALLS (continue) 2 x4 CROSS BRACINGS 6.7 Add 2 x4 sawn lumber cross bracing between trusses. 6.8 Place purlins no more than 80 centimeters apart, and no more than 40 centimeters apart underneath the overhangs. CGI EVERY WAVE CGI UMBRELLA NAIL CGI UMBRELLA NAIL UMBRELLA NAIL EVERY 2 WAVES 6.9 Nail CGI sheeting down every two waves along each purlin and every single wave along the top, sides and edges of the roof.

13 6. HOW TO BUILD A STURDY ROOF FIRMLY CONNECTED TO THE WALLS (continue) METAL C D WIRE 2x HURRICANE TIES (4x 8d nails each) A COMMON NAILS B E 2x 3.5 long SCREWS 2x 2 x2 TIMBER ELEMENTS (4x 8d nails each: 1 purlin, 1 top chord) 6.10 Firmly attach purlins with 2 x2 wooden elements, manufactured metal hurricane tie (like Simpson H3) or screws. A TOE-NAIL CONNECTION 6.11 Connect the different truss elements with plywood gussets or metal plate on each side of the connection. PURLIN B 14x D 6x 6x 10x 1/2 PLYWOOD 6x 12x 8x 8x *use 8d nails both sides 8x GALVINIZED METAL STRAP (1.2x38 mm) C E BOTTOM CHORD 7x NO CONNECTION TOP CHORD *use 8d nails both sides 6.12 For MASONRY homes, firmly connect trusses to the ring beam with galvanized metal straps embedded under the stirrups.

14 6. HOW TO BUILD A STURDY ROOF FIRMLY CONNECTED TO THE WALLS (continue) PURLIN METAL WIRE GALVANIZED METAL STRAP (1.2x38 mm) BOTTOM CHORD TOP CHORD *use 8d nails both sides 6.13 For TIMBER FRAME homes, firmly connect trusses to the top plate with nailed galvanized metal straps. Position trusses directly over the vertical timber posts.

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