The Natural Change in Urban Architecture

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1 2 The Wood Products Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. The Natural Change in Urban Architecture This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. 4 Learning Objectives BUILDINGS ARE RESOURCE INTENSIVE AND COMPLEX At the end of this program, participants will be able to: 1. understand our motivation to develop a high-rise building in timber. 2. understand the detailed concept of a timber based construction system for high-rise buildings. 3. understand European building standards (e.g. energy performance). 4. take part in the realization of the first timber-based high rise building in USA. Worldwide, the building industry is responsible for: 40% consumption of resources 1) 25% - 40% consumption of energy 1) 30% - 40% emission of greenhouse gas 1) 30% - 40% of solid waste generation 1) 60% of emission caused by transportation 2) 1) Source: UNEP SBCI United Nations Environment Program 2) ton kilometres

2 5 6 FUTURE IS URBAN 9 INFRASTRUCTURE UNSUSTAINABLE PATTERNS 8 More than half of humanity now lives in cities - and that figure will likely reach 75% by Global population in Billions in Urban Areas in Rural Areas 2 1 Source: 0 National Nations LIFECYCLE COSTS Costs of operation are four times higher than capital costs average = 80% cost of operation LIFECYCLE COST RECYCLING schools & kindergarten 94% 6% hospitals 93% 7% indoor swimming pools 91% 9% 80% sport halls 89% 11% open air swimming pools 88% 12% USE UTILIZATION & REMEDIATION traffic facilities 83% 17% 20% production facilities office/administration 83% 81% 17% 19% PLANNING EXECUTION residential building 50% *) Source: Study TQ Building, Institute Dr. Bruck, Vienna **) Annette von Hagel (GCI) 50% Costs of operation Capital costs LifeCycle until End of Life (40 years)

3 9 10 TRADITIONALLY BUILDING INDUSTRY ECOLOGICAL CHALLENGE ENVIRONMENT & RESOURCES most part manually manufactured very complex high probability of errors long period of construction high consumption of energy and resources If we continue our current lifestyle, by 2030, at the latest, we will need two planets to keep up our human demands for goods and services. If 5 billion humans would copy our western lifestyle we would need more than 2 additional planets for supply! very conservative Source: Prof. Dr. Schmidt-Bleek, Wuppertal-Institut COMPARISON OF PRODUCTS 150 lbs/ ft³ 485 lbs/ ft³ 28 lbs/ft³ + 2,060 lbs CO2 / ft³ + 1,250 lbs CO2 / ft³ - 60 lbs / ft³ 60 kwh/ft³ 142 kwh/ft³ 250 kwh/ft³ 5 kwh/ft³ TIMBER regional availability many different types of conifer/needle beam woods are possible renewable resources wood from certified suppliers only, e.g. FSC physical features high load bearing capability easy to handle good thermal insulation healthy atmosphere heart rate bpm lower in timber surrounding moisture balancing recyclable can be reused for new construction and renovations climate performance 10% CO 2 emission in comparison to conventional construction technology

4 13 14 SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SYSTEM SOCIAL individual design lower amounts of noise and air pollution agreeable indoor climate 50% faster than poured in place reinforced concrete RESEARCH PROJECT 8+ ENVIRONMENT minimal consumption of resources use of local resources significantly improved CO 2 balance low noise-level on construction site essent. reduction of construction waste little environment pollution ECONOMIC reduced lifecycle costs type of occupancy easily converted high level of security regarding costs and quality short time for planning & design just in time supply/delivery TEAM: RHOMBERG BAU, WIEHAG, TU WIEN, ARCH. SCHLUDER RESEARCH PROJECT 8+ RESEARCH PROJECT 8+

5 17 18 RESEARCH PROJECT 8+ RESEARCH PROJECT 8+ shear clamps lot of single parts high tech connections difficult assembly high costs no advantages Timber based construction system for sustainable multi-storey buildings LifeCycle Tower Timber construction system up to 30 floors / 100 m Industrial pre-fabrication High performance standard and power generation continuous concrete ceiling glulam-double columns (heavy timber) Composite slab timber-concrete bond LifeCycle Tower primary construction

6 21 22 slab width e =9 ft slab width e = 9 ft 9 ft 9 ft 9 ft LifeCycle Tower primary construction LifeCycle Tower primary construction STOREY BUILDING Restaurant 20th floor floor plan Hotel Mechanical/ Meeting Office Retail Glulam columns Composite slab Glulam beam core RCC core 1st floor Reinforced concrete foundation

7 25 26 DYNAMIC BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Resonance frequency FACADE OFFICE

8 29 30 HOTEL PRE-FABRICATION high precision fabrication with tolerances +/- 1/32 inch in comparison to on site reinforced concrete s tolerances +/- ½ inch constantly high quality industrial manufacturing process instead of on site construction permanent quality control through serial production reduces manufacturing costs learn effect through repetition of the same process pre installation of fixings and fittings semi prefabrication installations can easily be fixed on the structure continuous improvement of construction elements adaptations due to different regional requirements experiences influence progression of components ASSEMBLY 1 ASSEMBLY 2 composite slabs incl. Mech/Elec/Plum façade element incl. columns ½ height

9 33 34 ASSEMBLY

10 DESIGN POSSIBILITIES TOWER DESIGN POSSIBILITIES TOWER

11 41 42 DESIGN POSSIBILITIES HOTEL DESIGN POSSIBILITIES OFFICE DESIGN POSSIBILITIES MID-RISE BUILDING SAFETY FIRE PROTECTION High fire-protection heavy timber construction use of sprinkler systems use of fire alarm system use of wood as load bearing member (heavy timber maintains its strength at high temperatures) fire separation at each (reinforced concrete/timber composite slab) reduced fire escape access lowest 30 ft, at street level, built out of reinforced concrete

12 45 46 FIRE REGULATIONS EUROPE FIRE PROTECTION PLAN - HOTEL Maximum height for multi storey timber buildings A lot of different height limitations the combination of typical construction features enables specific safety concept applicable e.g. in Luxembourg because of absence of national standard no height limitation no height limitation no height limitation 6 stories 13 m escape level no height limitation no height limitation 22 m escape level 4 stories 3 stories FIRE PROTECTION PLAN - OFFICE VIEW INTO THE OVEN

13 49 50 VIEW INTO THE OVEN live load 80 lbs/ft² EN :1999; EN 13652; DIN EN : REI90

14 53 ENERGY CONCEPT Efficient use of renewable energy resources is also a must in this building concept Engineering Complete building service (MEP = Mech/Elec/Plum) Integrative system Regenerative solutions Ventilation system Heating and cooling system Illumination (e.g. LED) Fire protection system Sprinkler system BUS system CHILLED BEAMS VENTILATION PLAN HOTEL CHILLED BEAMS heating cooling fire alarm system sprinkler system illuminating ventilation

15 57 58 VENTILATION PLAN OFFICE HEATING PLAN HOTEL HEATING & COOLING One possible façade configuration for passive-house standard (1) supporting column 240 mm x 240 mm, as slab support (2) 35 mm mineral wool, noise insulation, fire protection (3) 25 mm fibre cement board, incombustible (4) steam tight Sd>1500 m (5) timber beam, 300 mm, insulation, mineral (6) 25 mm fibre cement, incombustible, windproof Sd=0,5 m (7) 40 mm mineral wool (8) Aluminium end plate (9) C Rail, steel, façade mobile maintenance platform (10) ventilation flap, manual 0,32 m², geometrical (11) noise insulation boards on wall (12) protective grating, fins, expanded metal, 0,32 m², geometrical (13) sheathing between air gap, material option, incombustible (14) wooden window frame, ternary glazing, passive house quality, to open only too cleaning purpose (15) venetian blinds, light, material option, improved day lighting at the upper thirds (16) impact glazing, quadrangular held (17) breast cladding, material option, 35 mm installation level (18) ventilation respectively installation level for PV, Solar heat, vertical garden, two sided horizontal held (19) breast glazing or other material (20) mineral wool > 1000 C at element joint (21) element joint, tube profile, compressed air connection to glue the vapour trap (22) EPDM tube profile for wind tightness Sd=0,05 m (23) pin connection for assembly (24) clamp, fire protection standard, connection the façade to concrete (25) bearing, adjustment only vertical if necessary (26) loose bearing (27) angular bearing, adjustment of the façade to the slab

16 CO 2 EQUIVALENTS lbs LifeCycle Tower: CO 2 -equivalents Wood construction / Reinforced Concrete construction lbs lbs lbs lbs 92 % lbs EOL Maintenance total Maintenance total EOL Production total lbs Production total lbs lbs 0 lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs Wood construction Total: 1,944,944 lbs CO 2 Reinforced Concrete Construction. Total: 22,874,081 lbs CO 2 EoL = End of Life

17 65 66 COST COMPARISON ADVANTAGES MIO US$ LifeCycle Tower: Cost comparison Wood construction vs. Reinforced Concrete construction 859 system is useable over the high-rise range use of local resources (labor and materials) reduced transportation purposive use of sustainable materials Share in the costs MEP Interior Shell & Core Design reduced life cycle costs economical (money saver) significantly improved CO2 balance Improved estimation capabilities resulting in a fixed price no suspended ceiling compact shape of building available as PASSIVE- or PLUS-ENERGY building interchangeable types of occupancy between each floor Wood construction Reinforeced concrete construction One structure for many purposes (office, hotel, residential, retail) easily deconstructed inexpensive dismantling costs 67 68

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19 verbrauchen 80% der vorhandenen Ressourcen. Um 1800 lebten nur etwa 25% der Bevölkerung in Städten und rund 75% auf dem Land waren es bereits über 50% und laut Prognosen der Vereinten Nationen werden im Jahr 2050 über 75% der aller Erdbürger in Städten leben. We are responsible for the future. The future starts now!

20 77 THANK YOU. MERCI. VIELEN DANK. Cree GmbH Mariahilfstr. 29, 6900 Bregenz, Austria T +43 (0) info@creebyrhomberg.com I LOOK FORWARD TO AN INTERESTING DISCUSSION WITH YOU. 77