Concrete Industrial Pavements
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1 Concrete Industrial Pavements Client Requirements Pavement Guidelines Subgrade & Sub-base Design Methods Flatness & Levelness Floor Finishes Joint Design
2 Concrete has a mind of its own. It will crack where it wants to
3 Las Vegas Convention Centre home to World of Concrete
4 Client Requirements. Developer Clients / Tenants unknown. Client s existing pavements / Inspect.
5 Pavement Guidelines. C & CA Guidelines / last update AS3600 Concrete / confusing. ACI Guidelines / regularly updated. UK Concrete Society Technical Report TR34
6 Subgrade & Sub-base. Uniformity of subgrade strength. Sub-base - uniform strength - increase effective subgrade strength - construction platform - use of sand for sub-base
7 Design Methods. Simplified thickness design / light loads. Rigorous thickness design / Coffey Partners International. Other design considerations.
8 Other Design Considerations. Role of Steel Mesh - Does not prevent concrete cracking - Restricts opening of concrete cracks - Does not increase load carrying capacity
9 Other Design Considerations. Design of Steel Mesh - Length over which mesh is continuous - Subgrade friction - Thickness of pavement - Small pours 0.15% - Pours > 80 metres 0.6% to 0.7%
10 Other Design Considerations.
11 Other Design Considerations. Design of Steel Mesh - Length over which mesh is continuous - Subgrade friction - Thickness of pavement - Small pours 0.15% - Pours > 80 metres 0.6% to 0.7% - Cutting of every 2 nd bar in mesh Thicker pavement cheaper than more steel
12 Other Design Considerations. - Tilt-ups tied to concrete pavements. - Unplanned cracking of pavement. - In fire tilt-ups must not fall outward. > Portal Frame Buildings with tilt-ups Knee Ties > Roof Braced Buildings with tilt-ups Roof Frame / Tilt-up connection
13 Flatness & Levelness. Specifications - Gap under straight edge / No - F F & F L numbers / Yes
14 Floor Finishes. Critical to life of pavement. - don t add water when steel troweling - use of ride-on trowel machines
15 Joint Design / Pavement Problems Joint failure unlikely to kill anyone. Joint repair cost = construction cost.
16 Joint Problems are on the Increase due to use of: Early Sawcutting. Laser Screeds. Small diameter, hard wheeled forklifts.
17 Early Sawcutting Timing of sawcut important - difficult to control Avoid problems by:- - not sawcutting too early - use cardboard spacers at joint intersections
18 Sawcut Damage from Early Cutting
19 Sawcut Damage from no cardboard spacer
20 Laser Screeds
21 Laser Screeds SXP
22 Laser Screeds Copperhead
23 Laser Screeds Mini Screed
24 Laser Screed Advantages Workers with strongest back no longer critical. Speed of slab construction. Accuracy of finished surface.
25 Laser Screed Limitations Edge of Pours must be hand finished
26 Laser Screed Limitations Edge of Pours must be hand finished
27 Laser Screed Limitations SXP Laser Screed on Bridging
28 Laser Screed use is on the Increase.
29 Laser Screed Pavement Problem 54m x 36m single pours
30 Laser Screed Pavement Problem 20 dia bars at 150 crs
31 Laser Screed Pavement Problem Mesh stops at sawcuts & dowels used
32 Laser Screed Pavement Problem 1. Slab curling if joints too widely spaced. - Solution reduce sawcut spacing to about 5 metres 2. Sawcut that cracks first becomes dominant - No Solution to date
33 Laser Screed Pavement Problem Dominant Sawcut crack width after 3 months
34 Laser Screed Pavement Problem Perimeter joints are also Dominant
35 Laser Screed Pavement Problem No easy repair for Dominant Construction Joint
36 Laser Screed Pavement Problem Steel edging cast in at perimeter joints. Has been offered as a solution for dominant perimeter joints. Can create more problems than they solve.
37 Laser Screed Pavement Problem Difficulties with use of steel edging:- Unable to match accuracy of Laser Screed. Movement of steel during construction. Gap between steel edges. Expensive to do properly.
38 Laser Screed Pavement Problem Steel edging to Construction Joint after 3 months
39 Laser Screed Pavement Problem Laser Screeds allow big concrete pours. Big concrete pours create dominant joints.
40 Forklift Pavement Problem Joint damage slow with rubber tyred forklifts. Joint damage fast with hard wheeled forklifts. - Damage faster with wider joint opening
41 Hard Wheeled Forklift
42 Forklift Pavement Problem Failed Sawcut Joint
43 Forklift Pavement Problem Semi-rigid materials used to fill joints. Semi-rigid materials allow only small joint opening. Semi-rigid materials no good for dominant joints.
44 Laser Screed/Forklift Pavement Problems Common Sense Solution - Eliminate all dominant joints. by cracking all sawcuts mechanically. - Space sawcuts at 4.5 to 5m centres to minimise concrete curling at joints.
45 The Get Cracking System
46 Play Video
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