Thermal Characteristics of Single-Family Detached, Single-Family Attached, Low-Rise Multifamily, and Mobile Homes

Transcription

1 Appendix B Thermal Characteristics of Single-Family Detached, Single-Family Attached, Low-Rise Multifamily, and Mobile Homes by the National Association of Home Builders Research Foundation, Inc., October 1977 This report contains information on thermal characteristics of single-family detached, attached, and multifamily homes built in the last half of 1975 and the first half of 1976 and of mobile home units built July 1976 through June Scope and Method In the last half of 1976, the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) Research Foundation conducted a survey of the builder members of NAHB to determine construction practices for homes and apartments built in 1975 and Included in the survey were questions on general characteristics, thermal characteristics, and specific material use practices. Data were summarized by nine (9) census regions. Responses by building type was as follows: Building Type Number of Units Single-family detached 112,942 Single-family attached 12,99 Low-rise multifamily 44,96 In addition, a survey of mobile home thermal and general characteristics was conducted in the summer of Response was received for almost 175, units, two-thirds of which were single-wide units and one-third double-wide units. This represented about 6 percent of all mobile home units built during that period SINGLE-FAMILY DETACHED UNITS This section contains characteristics of almost 113, single-family detached homes built in , summarized by nine census regions. Included are tables which show national use of insulation by house price and size. 292

2 New England Mid- Atlantic Single-Farnily Detached Housing Units North West North South south Atlantic Mountain Pacific U.S. Total 1. Number of Stories (% by region) One story 35 Two story 31 Bi-level 3 Split level Foundation Type (% by region) Basement 67 Partial basement 29 Crawl space Slab Floor Area By Type (averages by region) One story 1,28 1,42 1,5 Two story 2,1 2,1 2,11 BI-level 1,71 1,685 1,66 Split level 1,86 1,82 1,86 Overall average 1,658 1,76 1,757 1,49 2,11 1,68 1,85 1, Average Selling Price (averages by region) (Including lot) 41,3 6,5 45,5 52,2 46,3o6 5. Price Per Square Foot (averages by region) One story , Two story Bi-level , Split level All houses

3 6. Size In Increments 2 SF-% By Region Less than and more of New England Mid- Atlantic HOUSlNG CHARACTERISTICS Single-Family Detached Housing Units North West South South South Atlantic Mountain Pacific 7. Insulation (% by region) Exterior Wall o Less than R-7 o R-7.4 R-n 58.2 R R

4 7. (continued) HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS Single-FamiIy Detached Housing Units West West New Mid- North North South South South Us. England Atlantic Atlantic Mountain Pacific Total Ceiling R-7 R-11 R-13 R-19 R-22 R-25 R-26 R-3 R-31 More than R Between Floor Joists (% of all houses)

5 IIU New Mid- North England Atlantic HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS Single-Family Detached Housing Units West South South Mountain Pacific

6 New England Mid- Atlantic HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS Single-Family Detached Housing Units North West North South South Atlantic Mountain Pacific Us. Total 8. Heating/Cooling % by Type by Region Heating Equipment Gas warm air Electric warm air Oil warm air Gas hot water Oil hot water Heat pump Elec.baseboard or radiant ceiling Solar o o i o 2 12 o Heating Fuel Gas Electric Oil Solar Cooling Equipment Heat pump Evaporative cooler Window or wall o

7 lfu New England Mid- North Atlantic HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS Single-Family Detached Housing Units West North West South South South Atlantic Mountain Pacific U.S. Total 9. Window Glazing % by Region Single glaze 37.6 Single w/storm 25.3 Insulating glass 36.9 Insul. w/storm Window Square Feet by Region Single glaze 81.7 Single w/storm 55. Insulating glass 8.3 Insul. w/storm.5 Totals Sliding Glass Doors Sliding glass doors Number per unit.88 Square feet per unit Exterior Doors (% by region) (Entrance) Not insulated 41. Insulated

8 13. Insulation By Price and By Size Exterior Wall Insulation Price Range Less than $3, $3,- 34,999 35, , - 44,999 45,- 49,999 5, - 54,999 55, - 59,999 6, - 64,999 $65, and over Single-Family Detached Housing Units Insulation Percent Less No. of Units Than R7 R7 R11 R13 R19 7, , , , ,265 11,512 7,72 5,63 9, Ceiling Insulation Price Range R7 R11 R13 R19 R22 R25 R26 R3 R31 More Than R31 Less than $3, $3,- 34,999 35, - 39,999 4, - 44,999 45, - 49,999 5, - 54,999 55, - 59,999 6, - 64,999 $65, and over o

9 13. (continued) Single-Family Detached Housing Units Exterior Wall Insulation Size Range (SF) Less than and over.. Insulation Percent R Ceiling insulation Size Range (SF) R13 R26 R3 R31 More Than R31 Less than and over

10 Appendix B Thermal Characteristics of Homes Built in SINGLE-FAMILY ATTACHED UNITS This section contains data on almost 13, single-family attached housing units.

11 New England Mid- North Atlantic South South Atlantic West South Mountain Pacific 1. Type of Unit - Percent by Region Town Houses Two Family Units Three Family Units Four Family Units Foundation Types - % by Type by Region Town Houses Full Basement Partial Basement Crawl Space Slab Two Family Units Full Basement Partial Basement Crawl Space Slab Three Family Units Full Basement Partial Basement Crawl Space Slab ; ; o Four Family Units Basement Partial Basement Crawl Space Slab :

12 New England Mid- Atlantic North West North South South Atlantic West South Mountain Pacific Us. Total 3. Number of Stories % by Type by Region Town Houses One Story Two Story Three Story More than Two Family Units One Story Two Story Three Story More than Three Family Units One Story Two Story Three Story More than Four Family Units One Story Two Story Three Story Four Story o

13 Mid- North Atlantic West North West South South South Atlantic Mountain Pacific 4. Finished Floor Area - % by Region Square Footage Less than More than o Window Glazing - % by Region Regular Windows Single Glaze Single w/storm Insulated Glass Insul. w/storm Picture Windows Single Glaze Single w/storm Insulated Glass Insul. w/storm

14 Mid- North Atlantic CentraI West North West South South South Atlantic Mountain Pacific 6. Window Square Feet by Region Single giaze Single with storm Insulated glass Insul. with storm Totals 7. Sliding Glass Doors S.G.D. per unit Square feet per unit Exterior Doors - Percent by Type by Region Not insulated insulated Storm doors Exterior Wall Structure % by Region First Floor 2x4, 16 o.c. 2x4, 24 o.c. 2x6, 24 o.c. Steel stud Concrete block Load-bearing brick

15 Mid- North Atlantic South Atlantic West South South Mountain Pacific 9. (Continued) Upper Floors 2x4,16 o.c. 2x4,24 o.c. 2x6,24 o.c. Steel stud Concrete block Load bearing brick Not applicable 1. Exterior Wall Sheathing 1/2 fiberboard 25/32 1/2 plywood 3/8 II Alum. foil faced 1/2 gypsumboard 3/4 polystyrene 1" II 1 urethane 1 x boards

16 West South Mountain Pacific 11. Insulation-Percent by Location by Region Ceiling R7 R9 Rll R13 R19 R22 R25 R26 R3 More than R3 Exterior Walls R7 R11 R13 R19 Between Floor Joists 2-1/4 batts R / 2 u R /811 ~ R II R o

17 Mid- North Atlantic South Atlantic West South South Mountain Pacific U.S. Total 11. (Continued) Basement Walls 2-1/4 batts R-7 3-1/2" II R /8"!1 R-13 6 tl R Crawl Space Walls 2-1/4 batts R-7 3-1/2" II R /8" II R-13 6 II R Slab Perimeter One-inch Twc-inch o Change From 1975 No change Increased Decreased

18 New England. Mid- Atlantic North South Atlantic South Mountain Pacific 12. Heating/Cooling % by Type by Region Heating Equipment Warm air furnace Hot water system Heat pump Elec. baseboard or radiant ceiling o o i Heating Fuel Gas Electric oil Cooling Equipment Port of heating equipment Separate from heating Heat pump Evaporative cooler i Cooling Fuel Gas Electric 41.:

19 31 Residential Energy Conservation LOW-RISE MULTIFAMILY UNITS This section contains data on almost 45, low-rise multifamily dwelling units.

20 West West New Mid- North North South South South England Atlantic Atlantic Mountain pacific U s. Total 1. Type Units - Percent by Region Efficiencies One Bedroom Two Bedroom Three or more Bdrm Foundation Types - Percent by Region No Basement Live-in Basement Live-in/Utility Bsmt Utility Basement Finished Floor Area - Percent by Region Square Footage Less than and more

21 New England West West Mid- North North South South South Atlantic Atlantic Mountain Pacific U.S. Total 4. Window Glazing - Percent by Region Single Glaze Single w/storm Insulated Glass Insul. w/storms Window Square Feet by Region Single Glaze Single w/storm Insulated Glass Insul. with Storms 6. Entrance Doors - Percent by Region Totals Unit Entrance Not Insulated 5.1 Insulated

22 .. New England North West North West South South South Atlantic Mountain Pacific U.S. Total 7. Exterior Wall Sheathing % by Type by Region 1/2 fiberboard 25/32 fiberboard 1/2 plywood 3/8 plywood Alum. foil-faced board 1/2 gypsumboard 3/4 polystyrene i polystyrene 3/4 urethane l urethane Insulation - Percent by Location by Region Ceiling Insulation 2-1/4 batts R-7 3-1/2 batts R /8 batts R-13 6" batts R /2 batts R /2 batts R /2 batts R-3 4" loosefill R-9 5 Ioosefill R-11 6 loosefill R /4 H loosefill R-19 1 Ioosefill R looseflll R /4 Ioosefill R-3 14 Ioosefill R

23 New Mid- North England Atlantic West South South South Atlantic Mountain Pacific. 8. Exterior Wall Insulation (continued) 2-1/4 batts, R-7 3-1/2" batts, R /8 batts, R-13 6" batts, R-19 Pleated aluminum Insulation Between Joists 2-1/4" batts R-7 3-1/2" batts R-n 3-5/8" batts R-13 6" batts R Crawl Space Walls 2-1/4 batts R-7 3-1/2 batts R /8 R-13 6" batts R Insulation Basement Walls 2-1/4 batts R-7 3-1/2 batts R-n 3-5/8 batts R-13 6" batts R

24 New England Mid- North Atlantic West North West South South South Atlantic. Mountain Pacific. U.S. Total 8. (continued) Practice Change from 75 No change Increased Perimeter Slab-ongrade One Inch Two Inch o Heating/Coollng % by Type by Region Heating By Equipment boiler w/air handler boiler w/fan coils boiler w/hot water baseboard Ind. warm air furnace Ind. hot water system nd. heat pump Ind. elec. baseboard or radiant ceiling !

25 West South Mountain Pacific 9. (continued) Heating Fuel Gas Electric Oil Cooling Equipment systems chiller/alr handler chiller/fan coils Ind.unit systems Part of heating equip. Separate from heat equip. Heat pump Evaporative cooler Room units Cooling Fuel Gas Electric

26 Appendix B Thermal Characteristics of Homes Built in This section contains data on about 175, mobile home units.

27 New England Mid- North Atlantic MOBILE HOME UNITS West South South South Us. Atlantic.. Mountain Pacific Total 1. Average Size (SF) Single wide 935 Double wide Insulation (Percent of units) Single wide Ceilings R11 to R12 R13 to R18 R19 to R21 R22 or more Single wide Walls R7 R11 R12 R13 R19 Single wide Floors R7 R9 R11 R13 R14 R15 R

28 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS MOBILE HOME UNITS Mid- North Atlantic West South Us. Mountain Pacific Total Double Wide Ceilings R11 to R12 R13 to R18 R19 to R21 R22 or more Double Wide Walls R7 R11 R12 R13 R19 Double Wide Floors R7 R9 R11 R13 R14 R15 R19

29 New England Hid- North Atlantic MOBILE HOME UNITS West West North South South South Atlantic. Mountain Pacific Us. Total 3. Windows & Doors Single Wide Average number Average size (SF) Double Wide Average number Average size (SF) Glazing (percent) Single no storms Single with storms Insul. no storms Insul. with storms Doors (percent of units) Insulated Not insulated

30 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS New England MOBILE HOME UNITS West West Mid- North North South South South Us. Atlantic Atlantic Mountain Pacific Total 4. Heating/Cooling Heating fuel source (percent) Gas 27.4 oil Electric Cooling equipment plant installed (percent)