THERMAL PERFORMANCE CALCULATION. Analysis undertaken and report prepared on behalf of XXXXXXX for. XXXXXXX
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1 THERMAL PERFORMANCE CALCULATION Analysis undertaken and report prepared on behalf of XXXXXXX for. XXXXXXX DOCUMENT REF :- XXX/TP/XXXX Rev 01 Document title :- 3D U value and interstitial condensation risk analysis typical rainscreen backing wall. Date of original issue :- XXXXX Revised issue date :- Document prepared by Calvin Norton calvin@feaservices.co.uk Façade Engineering and Analysis Services Limited. Suite 9, Tradmark House, Hyssop Close, Cannock, Staffordshire, WS11 7FA. Tel : . enquiries@feaservices.co.uk : web.
2 Revisions Rev 00 Original document issue XX XXX XXXX
3 Contents Summary U value analysis o Steel top hat o Aluminium top hat o Stainless steel top hat Interstitial condensation risk analysis. o 150 mm cavity insulation o 170 mm cavity insulation (note 175 analysed as standard products) o 190 mm cavity insulation
4 Summary This calculation document has been complied to demonstrate the thermal performance of the rainscreen backing wall for XXXXX. The calculation has been undertaken on behalf of XXXXX. This document contains 3 dimensional analysis of the rainscreen backing with a view to achieve a target U value of 0.17 W/m²K. The wall construction is an aluminum rainscreen supported on helping brackets and horizontal rails fixed back to a SFS wall construction. By convention, from BR443, the external rainscreen element is ignored in U value calculations but an amendment to the external surface resistance of the insulating material is made to allow for the sheltering effect of the rainscreen cladding and penetrating brackets through the insulation must be allowed for. See analysis notes for further details. The examined construction consists of mineral wool insulation in the cavity behind the rainscreen mounted onto a 12 mm thick calcium silicate sheathing board supported by 150 mm SFS construction assumed at 600 mm centres. The SFS zone is fully insulated by mineral wool and 2 layers of 12.5 mm plasterboard have been included as internal finishes. It is assumed a VCL will be fitted behind these finishes. Helping hand brackets have been examined at 600 x 600 mm centres and taken to be aluminium with thermal break elements. The bracket is a typical aluminium façade bracket and assessed as 75 mm long. A 5mm thick isolating pad has been included between the channel bracket and top hat. The horizontal top hats have been examined as fabricated from 2 mm thick steel (galvanised), aluminium or stainless steel options to assess the depth of cavity insulation required to achieve the target U value. The U value of the construction analysed is 0.17 W/m²K with brackets at 600 x 600 mm centres when the following thickness of cavity insulation is utilised. With steel top hats 170 mm of mineral is required in the rainscreen cavity With aluminium top hats 190 mm of mineral is required in the rainscreen cavity With stainless steel top hats 150 mm of mineral is required in the rainscreen cavity The overall wall U value achieved will need to be verified by a weighted area U value calculation as variations in bracket centre may affect the results.
5 Intestinal condensation risk analysis shows no issue with this construction. Condensation may occur within the ventilated cavity on the rear of the aluminium, this is normal and will dissipate.
6 3D analysis method. The following thermal analysis was undertaken using TRISCO ver 13.w 3 dimensional finite elemental analysis software. This software has been developed by Physibel for 3 dimensional steady state thermal simulation and this produces constant and reliable analysis of constructions measuring heat transfer in rectangular objects. TRISCO is a thermal analysis program for steady state heat transfer in three-dimensional rectangular objects consisting of different materials and submitted to different boundary conditions. The geometry is described with a list of rectangular blocks, which vertices lie on grid points of a rectangular grid. Materials and surface boundary conditions with different thermal properties are identified using separate colours. Each geometry block is part of either a material or a surface boundary condition region, and has a reference to one of these colours. Node boundary conditions with fixed temperature or power are possible, and can be placed in grid point locations. Also border face boundary conditions in the interface between two colour regions with fixed temperature or heat flux, or (material boundary conditions with fixed temperature or heat power density are possible. After input of geometry and thermal properties a system of linear equations is calculated based on the energy balance technique, and solved using a fast iterative method. Possible non-linear problems are solved using of different cycles of adjusted linear systems. These simulations benefit from incorporation of Physibel's RADCON module for additional accuracy in analysis by calculating infrared radiation and convection in a more realistic manner than TRISCO alone. RADCON is a program add-on module to calculate infrared radiation and convection in a physically more realistic way. The radiation is based on view factors, surface emissivities and surface temperatures. The convection is based on empirical laws. Material properties such as thermal conductivity (λ values) used in these calculations have been taken from BS EN 12524:2000, BS EN ISO :2003 or directly from the Physibel material database. In addition specific product thermal conductivity values may be taken from suppliers own literature in the case of the material not being specifically included in the British Standards. Equivalent thermal conductivities of ventilated and unventilated air cavities are calculated by the software. The analyses assume steady state heat flow and therefore any thermal mass effect of any adjacent construction or building component has not been considered.
7 Analysis output. Information taken from the resulting software studies and included within the individual analysis includes.. Diagrams indicating assigned thermal conductivity values according to appropriate materials and software generated equivalent cavity values if applicable. Thermal gradient diagrams indicating temperature across the examined construction. Text files showing build-up of material blocks and coordinates used to construct the analysis. Text output showing resulting material temperature ranges, U value through the inspected construction and temperature factor indicting internal RH level at which surface condensation could occur.
8 From BR Rainscreen cladding Make no allowance in U-value calculations for the effect of the rainscreen cladding itself, because the space behind is fully ventilated. The effect of brackets or rails fixing the cladding to the wall behind needs to be allowed for, if the brackets or rails penetrate an insulation layer or part of an insulation layer. As the effect of fixing brackets or rails on the U-value of the wall can be large, even when a thermal break pad is included, their contribution to the overall U-value needs to be assessed by a detailed calculation. The calculation model should omit the cladding but include the fixing rails or brackets to their full length. The external surface resistance should be taken as 0.13 m²k/w (rather than 0.04 m²k/w) to allow for the sheltering effect of the cladding (see 4.8.6). For further information see CAB/CWCT Guide
9 NOTE ONLY VERSION INCLUDED IN THIS EXAMPLE DOCUMENT Detail 170mm mineral wool onto 150mm SFS wall with brackets at 600 mm centres attached to steel top hat rails U value analysis. Material thermal conductivity diagram. Temperature gradient diagrams. FEA input data sheet. FEA output data sheet. Finite element analysis undertaken using TRISCO version 13.0w software. Summary. A sample area of 600 mm x 600 mm was examined and the effective U value of this area was found to be 0.17 W/m 2 K.
10 Material Thermal Conductivity Diagram. Wall section = 600mm x 600mm U value = W/m²K Figure 1 External material thermal conductivity diagram Figure 2 Cut through material thermal conductivity diagram
11 Figure 3 Material thermal conductivity dia. insulation cut back to show brackets etc.
12 Temperature Gradient Diagrams Figure 4 External temperature gradient diagram Figure 5 Internal temperature gradient diagram
13 Figure 6 Cut through temperature gradient diagram
14 TRISCO - Input Data TRISCO data file: typ nvelope bracket steel top hat.trc COLOURS Col. Type CEN-rule Name lambda eps t h q [W/mK] [-] [ C] [W/m²K] [W/m²] 8 MATERIAL aluminium MATERIAL stainless_steel MATERIAL steel MATERIAL sheathing_board MATERIAL polyamid_nylon MATERIAL insulation MATERIAL gypsum_plasterb BC_SIMPL HI_NORML BC_SIMPL NIHIL highly_ventilat CALCULATION PARAMETERS Maximum number of iterations = Maximum temperature difference = C Heat flow divergence for total object = % Heat flow divergence for worst node = 1 %
15 TRISCO - Calculation Results TRISCO data file: typ nvelope bracket steel top hat.trc Number of nodes = Heat flow divergence for total object = % Heat flow divergence for worst node = % Col. Type Name tmin X Y Z tmax X Y Z [ C] [ C] _ 8 MATERIAL aluminium MATERIAL stainless_steel MATERIAL steel MATERIAL sheathing_board MATERIAL polyamid_nylon MATERIAL insulation MATERIAL gypsum_plasterb BC_SIMPL BC_SIMPL highly_ventilat Col. Type Name ta Flow in Flow out [ C] [W] [W] 174 BC_SIMPL BC_SIMPL highly_ventilat Temperature factor (EN ISO 10211) = hi = 7.70 W/(m².K) Rsi = 0.13 m².k/w Surface condensation if RH > 92 % (at C) Equivalent thermal transmittance Ueq = Q/((ti-te)*A1) = W/(m².K) Q = W ti = C te = 0.00 C A1 = m² Xmin=0 Xmax=91 Ymin=28 Ymax=28 Zmin=0 Zmax=134 Uwall = (Q/(ti-te))/A1 = W/(m².K) Notes: Text highlighted blue is U value of examined element.
16 Intestinal condensation risk analysis
17 Documentation of the component 22. October 2016 Calculation according BS EN ISO Source: own catalogue Component: Steel cold frame. Brick facing. 150 mm MW OUTSIDE INSIDE The list of material layers shown below may differ from those in the U-value calculation printout. Only material layers which are used in the Condensation Risk Analysis are listed. This calculation of the Condensation risk analysis according to BS EN ISO 13788:2002 has been performed on a construction containing inhomogeneous layers. This calculation is only valid through the selected section. It is advisable that you should also select the alternative position and recalculate the Condensation Risk Analysis for a more complete assessment of the construction. Assignment: External wall Name Thickn. [m] lambda [W/(mK)] Q µ [-] Q sd [m] R [m²k/w] Aluminium alloys Slightly vent. air layer: 50 mm, horiz. heat flow Rainscreen Duo-Slab ( mm) CP Board Mineral wool batt - Variable thickness Polyethylene 0.15 mm Gypsum plasterboard Gypsum plasterboard Q.. The physical values of the building materials has been graded by their level of quality. These 5 levels are the following.. A: Data is entered and validated by the manufacturer or supplier. Data is continuously tested by 3rd party... B: Data is entered and validated by the manufacturer or supplier. Data is certified by 3rd party.. C: Data is entered and validated by the manufacturer or supplier... D: Information is entered by BuildDesk without special agreement with the manufacturer, supplier or others... E: Information is entered by the user of the BuildDesk software without special agreement with the manufacturer, supplier or others. Calculated with BuildDesk 3.4.5
18 Documentation of the component 22. October 2016 Calculation according BS EN ISO Source: own catalogue Component: Steel cold frame. Brick facing. 150 mm MW Condensation risk analysis - summary of main results Calculation according BS EN ISO Surface temperature to avoid critical surface moisture: No danger of mould growth is expected. Interstitial condensation occurs, but all the condensate is predicted to evaporate during the summer months. The risk of degradation of building materials and deterioration of thermal performance as a consequence of the calculated maximum amount of moisture shall be considered according to regulatory requirements and other guidance in product standards. Interstitial condensation and evaporation per month gc [g/m²] 2-2 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Component, condensation range CRA calculations according to BS EN ISO 13788:2002 are used as a guide in predicting interstitial condensation. This methodology uses some simplifications of the dynamic processes involved and subsequently does have some limitations. Further information can be found in Information Paper IP 2/05 'Modelling and controlling interstitial condensation in buildings'' Feb Calculated with BuildDesk 3.4.5
19 Documentation of the component 22. October 2016 Calculation according BS EN ISO Source: own catalogue Component: Steel cold frame. Brick facing. 150 mm MW Surface temperature to avoid critical surface humidity Calculation according BS EN ISO Location: Northolt; Humidity class according BS EN ISO annex A: Offices, shops Month Te [ C] phi_e --- Ti [ C] phi_i --- pe [Pa] delta p [Pa] pi [Pa] ps(tsi) [Pa] Tsi,min [ C] frsi --- Tsi [ C] Tse [ C] January February March April May June July August September October November December The critical month is December with f Rsi,max = f Rsi = f Rsi > f Rsi,max, the component complies. Nr Explanation 1 External temperature 2 External rel. humidity 3 Internal temperature 4 Internal relative humidity 5 External partial pressure p e = e * p sat (T e ); p sat (T e ) according formula E.7 and E.8 of BS EN ISO Partial pressure difference. The security factor of 1.10 according to BS EN ISO 13788, ch is already included. 7 Internal partial pressure p i = i * p sat (T i ); p sat (T i ) according formula E.7 and E.8 of BS EN ISO Minimum saturation pressure on the surface obtained by p sat (T si ) = p i / si, where si = 0.8 ( critical surface humidity ) 9 Minimum surface temperature as function of p sat (T si ), formula E.9 and E.10 of BS EN ISO Design temperature factor according of BS EN ISO Internal surface temperature, obtained from T si = T i - R si * U * (T i - T e ) 12 External surface temperature, obtained from T se = T e + R se * U * (T i - T e ) Calculated with BuildDesk 3.4.5
20 Documentation of the component 22. October 2016 Calculation according BS EN ISO Source: own catalogue Component: Steel cold frame. Brick facing. 150 mm MW Interstitial condensation - main results Calculation according BS EN ISO Interstitial condensation occurs but all the condensate is predicted to evaporate during the summer months. The risk of degradation of building materials and deterioration of thermal performance as a consequence of the calculated maximum amount of moisture shall be considered according requirements and other guidance in product standards. Climcatic conditions Location: Northolt; Humidity class according BS EN ISO annex A: Offices, shops Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Internal temperature [ C] Ti Internal rel. humidity [%] phi_i External temperature [ C] Te External rel. humidity [%] phi_e Monthly moisture content per area gc [g/m²] Accumulated moisture content per area Ma [g/m²] Aluminium alloys / Slightly vent. air layer: 50 mm, horiz. heat flow Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep gc Ma Calculated with BuildDesk 3.4.5
Documentation of the component 11. January 2010 Thermal transmittance (U-value) according to BS EN ISO 6946
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