Admixtures State of the Industry Joseph A. Daczko, FACI
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1 Admixtures State of the Industry Joseph A. Daczko, FACI 67 th Annual Concrete Conference University of Minnesota December, 2017
2 Outline Admixtures for Concrete Definition Types The multi-faceted demands placed on a concrete mixture How do admixtures help satisfy the demands placed on concrete? Primary value recipients Others State of the Industry New Opportunities
3 Admixtures for Concrete Admixture Definition: a material other than water, aggregates, cementitious materials, and fiber reinforcement, used as an ingredient of a cementitious mixture to modify its freshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that is added to the batch before or during its mixing.- ACI Concrete Terminology. ASTM C 494 Lists 7 basic Types Type A Water-reducing Type B - Retarding Type C - Accelerating Type D Water-reducing & retarding Type E Water-reducing & accelerating Type F Water-reducing, high range Type G Water-reducing, high range & retarding Type S Specific Performance It s not about the admixture..it s about concrete performance!
4 WHAT DO YOU WANT FROM ME? HAS IT SET YET?? I CAN T FINISH THIS WATER TIGHT MODULUS OF WHAT? TOO EXPENSIVE WRONG COLOR AIR S TOO LOW AIR S TOO HIGH LOW HEAT!!
5 Satisfying Everyone The performance targets of concrete mixtures depend on who you are talking to. Owner Architect Engineer Contractor Concrete Producer How long will it last? When can I open? How does it look? Is it strong enough? Stiff enough? Can I finish it? How does it set? Can I make it economically and efficiently? Admixtures are intended to help facilitate the balancing of these multifaceted demands
6 How Admixtures Facilitate Balancing Performance Demands Concrete Strength BUT (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) W/CM Ratio Low slump Moderate slump Flowing Concrete SCC
7 Who Benefits from Certain Admixtures? Set Controlling Admixtures Type B (D) Retarding & Type C (E) - Accelerating Primary Concrete Contractor? What happens when one member of the chain rather than multiple members is the primary recipient?
8 Who Benefits from These Admixtures? Underwater anti-washout admixture Corrosion Inhibiting admixture Workability retaining admixture Viscosity modifying admixture Increasing Viscosity
9 State of the Industry - Concrete 2029 VISION Where do we want to be in 2029 as an Industry? Cross functional industry collaboration -
10 New Opportunities What do we see? Volume Stability Constructabiity Sustainability
11 High Rise Construction & Constructability
12 Cement Hydration Process + Water Hydration The crystallization of CSH occurs close to the surface or onto the surface itself creating a layer which slows down the diffusion of products and reactants (topochemical reaction)
13 Cement Hydration Process Suspended CSH seeds Why wait for the crystallization of the nuclei to be formed if we can add them?
14 Master X-Seed Enhancement in Compressive Strength (NOT set acceleration) (Nominal cementitious materials content of 611 lb/yd 3 [362 kg/m3] with 20 percent fly ash, w/cm of
15 Volume Stability Drying Shrinkage in Concrete - Cracking Drying shrinkage cracking: when concrete is restrained, cracking that occurs after hardening due to shrinkage (volume change) caused by concrete mixture water, that is NOT consumed during hydration, leaving the system. But How much and how fast? What do we consider? Materials Mixtures proportions Curing Admixtures Fibers
16 Example: Crack Timing and Width Increase in crack width after initiation, tt ww ppa Initial crack width, ww ii Time to cracking, tt The relative performance measure is used to compare the effectiveness of the treatments
17 Restrained Slab Test Results Reference Macro Fibers Shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) Crack reducing admixture (CRA) SRA + Macro Fibers CRA + Macro Fibers
18 Extending Joint Spacing Made possible by synergy of; Material research Design considerations Base preparation Construction practices Concrete proportioning Fiber and admixture technology This is happening today across N America
19 Conclusions The importance of chemical admixtures is that they enhance concrete performance in a variety of ways The beneficiaries of those enhancements also vary producer, contractor, engineer, architect, owner There are cross functional movements within our industry (concrete 2029, this conference etc.) that improve our communication and help us to grow the industry Chemical admixtures are a critical to achieving targeted concrete performance from fresh to long term durability properties
20 12/14/2017 Footnote Text 20
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