Japanese Lessons on RC building collapse and importance of beam-column joint
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1 Japanese Lessons on RC building collapse and importance of beam-column joint H. Shiohara, PhD. FACI Professor Graduate School of Engineering Department of Architectural Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
2 Japanese Past Earthquakes and Countermeasures Tokachi-Oki Earthquake M Revision of BSL Enforcement Order Amendment of RC Shear design provisions 1978 Miyagi-Oki Earhtuqkae M Revision of BSL Enforcement Order Introduction of Lateral Capacity Calculation 1995 Kobe Earthquake M7.3 Near fault earthquake Confirmation of the effectiveness of Lateral Capacity Calculation introduced in Seismic Retrofit Promotion Act gen. I 1971 gen. II 1981 gen. III E-Defense Facility, Miki, Kobe 2011 Tohoku-Taiheyo Earthquake M Revision of Seismic Retrofit Promotion Act 2
3 Collapse of Buildings due to Beam-column joints ERROR of empirically revised seismic design provisions for RC beam-column joints Guam 1993 Turkey 1999 Kobe 1995
4 Design of confinement in RC members Difference in the background of past earthquake damage makes a minor difference in seismic provisions in two countries Japan (AIJ) Shear design has been emphasized for beams and columns provisions for shear determine the hoop and stirrup US (ACI318) Seismic detailing of transverse reinforcement has been emphasized for confinement 4
5 Design of beam-column joint In 1980 s, test data suggested the joint shear strength of beam-column joint is not be the function of joint hoops (Japan-US-NZ trilateral coordinated research) Japan (AIJ) Different message to engineer Large column is necessary Minimum joint hoop ratio is 0.2% for joint shear No confinement requirement US (ACI318) Joint hoops for confinement does not allow reducing the dimension of the column section Beam-column joint needs to have joint hoop ratio as much as 1.0% because is it a part of column 5
6 Proving joint hinging by shaking table test X Y 20 m 15 m Figure E-Defense 2.1 E-Defense 3D Shaking shaking Table table National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention Miki, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan Nagae et al. (2015) Design Implications of a Large-Scale Shaking Table Test on a Four Story Reinfored Concrete Building, ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, March 2015, pp
7 This test confirmed joint hinging at JMA Kobe 100% Beam-column joint conformed to Japanese seismic provisions Joint Hinging Specimen B02 MR = 1.0 D c D b =1.0 V ju V j = Beam Hinging Specimen H02 MR = 2.0 D c D b =1.0 V ju V j =
8 Recent earthquakes and building collapse Beam-column joint Failure
9 Penthouse Collapse mechanism of the RC16story building by Hitoshi Shiohara Overturning Wing Street c. a. a. West East b. Basement (parking) b. Failure of floor members a. Failure of beam-column joints c. Fracture of column at lap splice joint d. d. Sinking down due to gravity Continuous overturning 4 5 bump is made e. Lateral force e. Infill brick fall into pieces Shear due to earth reaction f. Crushed and touch down
10 Recent earthquakes and building collapse Kumamoto 2016 After removal of architectural mullion Uto Municipal Building collapsed by 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Kumamoto, Japan, built in the 1970 s, but probably satisfied the current seismic provisions for beam-column joint of Japan. Detailed investigation is underway. Key plan
11 Beam-column Joint & Collapse of Buildings The reinforcing detailing provisions for seismic design of RC beam-column joints is crucial for seismic performance of moment resisting frame structure. Careful selection of test specimen, boundary condition and interpretation of statistical data is necessary. Key plan Well designed 3D full scale shaking table tests provides most valuable lessons for such purpose.
12 Thanks for your attention
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