AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NANO LIMESTONE AND FIBERS IN CONCRETE

Transcription

1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_08_04_150 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NANO LIMESTONE AND FIBERS IN CONCRETE K. Prabhakaran PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Chennai C. Krishnaveni Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Chennai E. Balaji Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Chennai Dr. S. Senthil Selvan 3 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Chennai Dr. V. Thamilarasu Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Chennai ABSTRACT The current trends in recent research and developments aims in developing an appropriate alternative for building materials, intrusion of nano technology in the concrete matrix have been quite effective compared to other techniques. This experimental investigation paves a way to develop a way to introduce latest technology in conventional materials and develop an effective utilization of nano particles in cement concrete. This paper reports the replacement of cement with nano lime and the behavior of the test specimen under various loading criteria. Nano lime, an amorphous powder with its greater compatibility with carbonate materials, has been chosen as an effective replacement material for cement in concrete mixture. In this study, nano lime is added to the concrete matrix replacing the cement and the behavior of the specimen is monitored under different strength criteria. The nano lime of size ranging from 10 to 50 nm is added to the concrete matrix replacing the cement starting from 1% to 7%. Steel fibers are added to the concrete specimen, enhancing the hydration process and consequently higher strength. The concrete specimen with nano lime and steel fibers is subjected to compressive, tensile and flexural strength and the behavior under various test loads is monitored and documented. This study aims at utilizing nano sized particles in concrete adding to increased sustainability and effectiveness. Key words: Nano lime, Fibers, Compressive strength, Tensile strength, Flexural strength editor@iaeme.com

2 K. Prabhakaran, C. Krishnaveni, E. Balaji, Dr. S. Senthil Selvan and Dr. V. Thamilarasu Cite this Article: K. Prabhakaran, C. Krishnaveni, E. Balaji, Dr. S. Senthil Selvan and Dr. V. Thamilarasu, An Experimental Study of Nano Limestone and Fibers in Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology manipulates the matter in a nano scale, where the subsiding materials range from 1 to 100 nm. With rapid growth in scientific research and developments, the utilization of nano particles in every matter is growing at a rapid rate. Nanotechnology is the understanding, control and restructuring of matter on the order of nano meters to create materials with fundamentally new properties and characteristics. Recent studies have focused on the effect of nano materials on the properties of hardened cement paste, mortar and many other components. Introducing nano particles in the cement concrete mixture, the mechanical strength and other characteristics are enhanced further compared to conventional ones. Nano lime is an amorphous material in a powdered form and has a greater affinity towards carbonate based materials and hence finds its way in replacing the cement in an effective manner. The present study aim at the experimental study of replacing the cement with nano lime with different percentage and the effect of test loads is studied upon. The nano lime powder is added to the matrix replacing the cement at different percentiles starting from 1% upto 7% and with preliminary tests, replacement of cement with 5% replacement of nano lime. The test specimens are subjected to compressive, split tensile and flexural strength the performance of the nano lime concrete is monitored. Nano particles included in the concrete matrix further enhance the mechanical properties and the advances in nano science of cementitious materials with an increase in the knowledge and understanding of basic phenomena in cement at nano scale. 2. LITERATURE STUDY Anwar M.Mohammed (2015) had investigated on Influence of nano material On flexural behavior and compressive strength of concrete. Results of this study showed that nano particles can be very effective in improving mechanical properties of concrete, nano-silica is more effective than nano clay in mechanical properties and wet mix gives higher efficiency than dry mix. Faranak Mohammad kazeni and Kazem Doosthoseini (2015) had monitored the introduction of bacterial cellulose as fibers in the concrete mixture. Behavior of concrete under bacterial effect is monitored the concrete with by BNC concrete exhibited increase in mechanical properties of concrete. Koon Yanglee et.al (2015) studied the use of nano cellulose as reinforcement in polymer matrix composite. An experimental study was made on tensile properties of nano cellulose and also discussed. The test result showed that the better dispersion of individual cellulose nano fibers in the polymer matrix may improve composite properties. Davoud tavakoli, Ali heidari, Sasn Hayatipilehrood (2014) studied the behavior of concrete with waste material of clay with silicon dioxide. The water absorption and nature of the material were analyzed and the results indicated that the unit weight is reduced by using nano silica with waste clay bricks. Samuel Chua, Zhu Pana Jay G, Sanjayanb, Chien ming wange (2014) developed a nano reinforced cement and concrete composites and new perspective from graphene oxide. The test result shows that the nano composite materials have better workability and good mechanical properties. Wengui lia, Zhengyu Huanga, Fangliang Caoa, Zhihui Sunb, Surendra P.Shahc (2014) monitored the effects of nano silica and nano limestone on flow ability and mechanical properties of ultra high performance editor@iaeme.com

3 An Experimental Study of Nano Limestone and Fibers in Concrete concrete. The nano silica and lime added as the filler material creating a denser material appropriate cement of nano silica and nano lime are 1% and 3% respectively. Salome and Amrinsyahnasution(2013) experimented on the addition of nano material in concrete mixture.the nano concrete constitutes of nano materials of 10nm to 140nm, and quartz powder along with suitable plasticizer. The results indicated an improvement of mechanical properties, with addition of nano particles. F.Pacheco-torgal, Said jalali (2011) monitored the advantages and draw backs of nano particles in building materials. Celik Qzyildirim (2010) investigated on laboratory investigation of nano materials to improve the permeability and strength of concrete. This study evaluates the use of a variety of nano materials in concrete compared with conventional concrete and concrete containing common SCMs Nano particles when being used as a supplement cementitious material improves density cement matrix with nano silica being added at 8%, the extent of drying shrinkage reduces and compressive strength decreases where as it doesn t have impact on permeability. 3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 3.1. Materials The binder material is of 53 grade as per IS: (1987) is adopted for this study. Coarse aggregate were procured locally along the vicinity of Potheri, Chennai, India. the blue metal used are of size 10mm obtained from locally available sources Nano Limestone Nano limestone is one of the good cementitious materials purchased at ASTRRA chemicals. Nano limestone particles are stable when dispersed in different alcohols. The particles have size ranging from 50 nm to 100 nm. Due to their compatibility, they represent an alternative to traditional consolidation materials used in restoration practice. Figure 1 Nano limestone particles 3.3. Ceraplast300 Super Plasticizer It is a high grade super plasticizer based on naphthalene, highly recommended for increased workability and high early and ultimate strength of concrete. CERAPLAST 300 is used to increase the workability of concrete. It is a high range super plasticizing admixture. It accelerates the rate of construction and increase the workability and factor cohesion. It exhibits dense character and improved resistance to water penetration.` editor@iaeme.com

4 K. Prabhakaran, C. Krishnaveni, E. Balaji, Dr. S. Senthil Selvan and Dr. V. Thamilarasu Figure 2 Ceraplast 300 Super plasticizer 3.4. Steel Fibers Addition of steel fiber increases the strength of specimen and minimizing the development of cracks. This experiment uses crimped and hooked fibers along the concrete matrix which are randomly distributed along the specimen. Figure 3 Hooked and Crimped Steel Fibres 4. XRD ANALYSI S The nature and the structure of the material are identified using X-ray diffraction analysis. In this study, the amorphous structure of the nano lime used particles is comparatively studied. A small sample of the nano lime was subjected to diffracted X-rays under a radius of 240 mm at the gonio axis. The samples were subjected to XRD at a continuous rate for 1.5 seconds. The results of the test are shown in the following figures. C o un t s n a n o L im e s t o ne P o s itio n [ 2 T he t a ] ( C o p p e r ( C u )) Figure 4 XRD analysis of the nano lime samples editor@iaeme.com

5 An Experimental Study of Nano Limestone and Fibers in Concrete 5. SEM ANALYSIS The surface topography of the nano lime and conventional concrete samples are determined by scanning electron microscope analysis. The atoms in the nano lime particles are subjected to electrons and the results are documented. Figure 5 SEM Analysis of Nano lime sample Figure 6 SEM analysis concrete of sample 6. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION This study reports the experimental investigation of addition of nano lime as partial replacement of cement at different proportions and the outcomes are depicted graphically Casting and Testing of Specimen Preliminary tests such as compressive, split tensile and flexural strength were carried out to determine the effect of using nano lime in place of certain quantity of cement, discussed in the following sections. Concrete were cast as cubes and cylinders with dimensions of mm and 150 mm in diameter respectively. Steel fibers are further added to the concrete matrix to enhance the strength factor and the behavior under different test loads is monitored Design Mix The constituents of the specimen are proportioned for a mix of M40 at the ratio of 1: 1.45: 2.68 Table 1 Proportions of constituents of the M40 design mix CONSITITUENT MATERIALS Cement Water Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate Super plasticizers QUANTITY kg/m³ kg/m³ kg/m³ kg/m³ 1.86 lt editor@iaeme.com

6 K. Prabhakaran, C. Krishnaveni, E. Balaji, Dr. S. Senthil Selvan and Dr. V. Thamilarasu 6.3. Compression Strength Test The concrete specimens, both conventional and nano lime replacements are subjected to compressive loads normal to the surface and the strength values are recorded. Compression Strength of concrete = Load applied on the cube specimen Cross Section area of the cube NAME OF SPECIMEN Figure 8 Compression strength test Table 2 Compressive strength test results NANO LIME PROPORTION COMPRESSION STRENGTH N/mm² 14 th day 28 th day Nano lime content % Cement content % CC C C C C C C C COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH CC C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 14TH DAY 28TH DAY % OF NANO LIME IN CONCRETE Figure 9 Graphical representation of compression strength test results 6.6. Splitting Tensile Strength Test The load is applied at the gradual rate and at a rate of 2.4 N/mm per minute. The split tensile strength shall be calculated using the formula. f ct = editor@iaeme.com

7 An Experimental Study of Nano Limestone and Fibers in Concrete The split tensile strength computed as follows, where, P load ( max ) applied in kilo Newton L- Length in mm d - Cross sectional area of specimen NAME OF SPECIMEN Figure 10 Split tensile strength tests Table 3 Splitting tensile strength NANO LIME PROPORTION SPLITTING TENSILE STRENGTH N/mm² 14 th day 28 th day Nano lime content % Cement content % CC C C C C C C C TH DAY 28TH DAY 0 CC C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 Figure 8 Graphical representation of splitting tensile strength test results editor@iaeme.com

8 K. Prabhakaran, C. Krishnaveni, E. Balaji, Dr. S. Senthil Selvan and Dr. V. Thamilarasu 7. FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST The concrete beam specimen of both conventional and replacement with nano lime material are subjected to two point loading system to analyze the flexural behavior of the composite matrix. The flexural strength values of the beam specimen are recorded and the variations are shown in graphically. Flexural strength Flexural strength Flexural strength Concrete with crimped and hooked fibers at different percetage 8. CONCLUSION Figure 9 Graphical representation of flexural strength test results The compressive strength test results, it is evident that the replacement of cement by nano lime increases the strength gradually up to 5% and beyond that there is a decrease in compressive strength. When the nano lime replaces by 5 % the compressive strength increases by % at the 6 % of replacement by nano lime compressive strength 43.81%, and hence the 5% can be replacement consider as optimum percentage of replacement. In the flexural strength test results it is seen that there is an increase in flexural strength of 15.5% when crimped and hooked steel fibers are used at equal proportions compared to other percentile additions. Equal addition of steel fibers not only increases the flexure character of the concrete, but also increases the durability of concrete. The nature and the structure of the nano lime particles and the concrete specimen were studied through X-ray diffraction analysis and SEM analysis technique. The deflection of the reinforced concrete beam with equal addition of crimped and hooked steel fibers along with nano lime exhibits lesser deflection under test loads compared to the conventional concrete beam and beam specimen with other replacements and the loaddeflection behavior is analyzed graphically. REFERENCES [1] Anwar M Mohammed (2015), Influence of nano material on flexural behavior and compressive strength of concrete, Housing and building national research center. [2] Celik qzyildirim (2012), Laboratory investigation of nano materials to improve the permeability and strength of concrete, Virginia transportation research council. [3] Davoud tavakoli, Ali heidari, Sasan hayatipilehrood (2014) Properties of concrete made with waste clay bricks as sand incorporating Nano SiO 2, Indian journal of science of technology editor@iaeme.com

9 An Experimental Study of Nano Limestone and Fibers in Concrete [4] Erhan (2015), Physio-mechanical properties of self compacting concrete containing treated cold-bonded fly ash light weight aggregates and SiO 2 nano particles, Elsevier. [5] Faranak mohammad kazeni, Kazem doosthoseini, Eshmaiel ganjian, Mehrdad azin (2015), Manufacturing of bacterial nano cellulose reinforced fiber-cement composite, Elsevier. [6] Koon-yanglee, Yvonne aitomaki, Lars A.berglund, Kristiina oksman, Alexander Bismarck (2015), On the use of nano cellulose as reinforcement in polymer matrix composite, Elsevier. [7] Pacheco-torgal, Said Jalali (2011), Nanotechnology: advantages and drawbacks in the field of construction and building materials, Elsevier. [8] Salome, Amrinsyahnasution, Island Imran, Mikrajuddin Abdullah (2013), Experimental investigation on nonmaterial concrete, International journal of civil and environmental engineering. [9] Samuel Chuaha, Zhu Pana Jay G. Sanjayanb, Chien Ming Wangc, Wen Hui Duana (2014), Nano reinforced cement and concrete composites and new perspective from graphene oxide, Elsevier. [10] Wengui Lia, Zhengyu Huanga, Fangliang Caoa, Zhihui Sunb, Surendra P. Shahc (2015), Effects of Nan silica and Nan limestone on flow ability and mechanical properties of ultra high performance concrete mix Elsevier editor@iaeme.com