Thermal Comfort, Part L2A (2013) & Part F (2010) Compliance Report

Transcription

1 Page 1 of 54 Thermal Comfort, Part L2A (2013) & Part F (2010) Compliance Report UNIPTEC Building University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD Project No.: Revision: D Date: Richard Tibenham Consulting All Rights Reserved

2 Page 2 of 54 This report has been produced by: Richard Tibenham (Director) Greenlite Energy Assessors 11 Yarborough Terrace Lincoln LN1 1HN T: E: info@greenliteea.co.uk For: MIES Building Services Energy House 9-11 Lowater Street Carlton Nottingham NG4 1JJ Revision Notes: Revision: Date Notes: Assembled by: * Based on information provided by client and using suitable assumptions as described within report. A Thermal Model; RT RT Meeting Room 2 divided from seminar space. 5 No. 620mm x 320mm Soundscoops allocated to seminar room. 1 No. 620mm x 320mm Soundscoop allocated to Meeting Room 2. Dextra LED lighting information allocated. AHU heat exchanger efficiency allocated to 50% (70.4% in Part L). AHU assigned room based control logic. AOV vents and controls revised. Floor level ventilation dampers allocated. IT workstations reduced to 150W per workstation. CO2 conditioned added to AOV window opening control logic. AOVs removed from above west entrance and allocated to seminar room. Compliance with BREEAM Hea4 and Ene04 referenced. Additional Part L Information: District heating allocated natural gas carbon factor and revised primary energy factor. Thermal bridging aligned with NCM notional model. Cont

3 Page 3 of 54 Revision: Date Notes: Assembled by: B Thermal Model: RT Internal layouts amended based upon 03/02/2016 Final Partition Arrangements. Number of opening windows to seminar room increased to 12Nr windows (all windows). Minor changes to AOV window opening logic. Manual windows assigned revised opening logic to satisfy Part F IAQ standards. Inclusion of IAQ peak C02 table in support of Building Regulations Part F. Inclusion of winter time minimum internal temperatures for assessment against CIBSE Guide A criteria (for BREEAM Hea4). Mechanical ventilation to newly created open plan offices areas remains as Rev A creating a hybrid ventilation system. Additional Part L Information: Changes to geometry as above. NCM templates amended to B1 Offices and Workshop Businesses. PV quota revised to suit template changes and to satisfy BREEAM renewable energy credits. C Thermal Model: RT Radiator system internal thermostat location amended to A08 Office 5. Radiator flow temperature control adjusted to operate based upon external thermostat position. BMS external thermostat On/Off set-point raised to 12 C. BMS internal set-point profile adjusted. Flow to radiators within A18, A19 & A20 assigned to regulate based upon thermostat located within A18. Window trickle vent gap distance reduced. AOVs to seminar room assigned winter and summer mode opening logic. Thermal comfort minimum temperatures revised in accordance with CIBSE Guide A. DTM heating loads updated. Additional Part L Information: No changes. D Thermal Model: RT Seminar room AOV minimum opening gap during occupied time increased to 15% opening capacity. Seminar room AOV winter mode set points adjusted. External thermostat set-point for radiators and underfloor heating raised to 15 C. UFH flow temperature amended to regulate based upon external temperature. UFH internal room stat set-point profile adjusted. Simulation time and reporting step reduced to 2 minutes. Tables 6 & 7 updated Peak heating loads. Tables 8, 9 & 10 revised to reflect T.O.R for heating period Nov-Apr only. Table 11 updated C02 Concentrations. Additional Part L Information: No changes.

4 Page 4 of 54 Content: 1.0 Executive Summary p Introduction p Overview of the Building p Full Dynamic Thermal Simulation Data Inputs p CIBSE TM52 (2013) Compliance p Future Weather Data Scenarios Outcomes p Heating Loads p Part F Indoor Air Quality Outcomes p Part L2A (2013) Compliance p Conclusions p Observations & Recommendations p.45 Appendix A: Appendix B: Appendix C: Appendix D: Certificates of Competency Heat Load Calculation Methodologies Part L2A BRUKL Document Opening Windows Allocated as AOVs

5 Page 5 of Executive Summary Greenlite Energy Assessors have been commissioned by MIES Building Services to carry out the thermal analysis of the proposed University of Nottingham UNIPTEC building. Analysis shall include; Assessing compliance with CIBSE thermal comfort metric TM52. Predicting likely internal temperatures occurring within the building by Calibrating the sizing of heating and ventilation systems required. Assessing compliance with the building regulations Part L2A (2013). Assessing compliance with the building regulations Part F (2010). Assessing compliance with local planning policy concerning C0 2 reductions beyond minimum requirements. Assessing credits available under BREEAM issues Hea4 and Ene4. The assessment utilises IES Virtual Environment (VE) software to undertake the analysis, which satisfies the criteria of CIBSE AM11. Greenlite Energy Assessors are accredited CIBSE Low Carbon Consultants and hold certification to demonstrate competency in the use of IES Level 4 & 5 compliance software, and other IES software modules, which are included within Appendix A. It is concluded that all areas of the building satisfy thermal comfort metric CIBSE TM52 and BREEAM issue Hea4 Thermal Comfort. Prediction of internal temperatures occurring within the building by 2050 are also provided for reference purposes. By virtue of the passive cooling strategies of the building, the building is also assessed to satisfy credits under BREEAM issue Ene4. Part L2A compliance and local planning policy concerning C0 2 emissions are found to be achieved without the requirement for photo-voltaic panels, however 30m² of capacity is included in order to satisfy additional BREEAM credits concerning renewable energy provision. Heating loads are calculated using dynamic thermal simulation and CIBSE steady state methodologies. Disclaimer This report assesses the ability of the UNIPTEC building at the University of Nottingham to satisfy thermal comfort metric CIBSE TM52. It does not provide a guarantee that all occupants will be satisfied with the thermal conditions occurring within the completed building, as this is largely a consequence of user participation in the operation of the natural ventilation strategy. Considerable length is taken to account for realistic scenarios, though these may not occur in practice. Warnings of the risks involved are documented within the report. Though this report is intended as a detailed guide to ensuring thermal comfort, the responsibility to ensure that thermal comfort occurs in practice remains with others.

6 Page 6 of Introduction This report has been commissioned by MIES Building Services in order to; 1. Assess the currently proposed building specification against the criteria of thermal comfort metric CIBSE TM Assess the IT comms room against the University of Nottingham Cabling Infrastructure Design Specification. 3. Provide an indication of likely internal comfort conditions under future weather data CIBSE Nottingham Design Summer Year 2050 high and CIBSE Nottingham Design Summer Year 2050 low, as required by ARUP Building Services Specification, item and to support BREEAM issue Hea4 -Thermal Comfort. 4. Aid in the design and sizing of heating and ventilation systems in order to satisfy the design criteria set. 5. Assess the building specification against the building regulations Part L2A (2013) Conservation of Fuel and Power using a Level 5 Dynamic Simulation Method (DSM) assessment. 6. Assess the building specification against the building regulations Part F (2010) - Ventilation. 7. Assess the quota of photo-voltaic energy generation necessary to satisfy local planning policy concerning the reduction of C0 2 emissions beyond minimum building regulations standards. 8. Comment on the buildings ability to achieve credits under BREEAM 2014 issues Ene4 Low Carbon Design and Hea4 Thermal Comfort. The report describes dynamic thermal simulations (DTMs) conducting using IES Virtual Environment (VE) software. For the purposes of these works, the following software has been used: Google Sketchup IES Model IT; Building Modeller IES Suncast; Solar Shading Analysis IES Apache; Thermal Simulation Interface IES MacroFlo; Multi-zone Air Movement IES VistaPro; Advanced Analysis IES VE Compliance (UK & Ireland) (2013) IES RadienceIES; Day Lighting and Electrical Lighting Simulation Inputs into the DTMs are based upon information provided by the client, which include: Core architects architectural drawings. Schueco glazing specifications. MIES Ventilation drawings and supporting documents. Dextra lighting specifications. Where information required for the DTMs has not yet been made available, or where information has been required in a suitable format for inclusion within the DTMs, suitable assumptions have been made which are described within the report.

7 Page 7 of Overview of the Building The UNIPTEC Building is a three storey cylindrical building which contains cellular offices, hot desk IT workstation areas, a café to the ground floor and various other ancillary spaces. The building features a three storey atrium at the core of the building, which serves as a light well and also acts as a natural ventilation air path. The building has a useful floor area of approximately 2,280m². The design of the building features an elaborate brise-soleil assembly which wraps around the entirety of the building in a torus shaped geometry. The assembly consists of seven levels of brisesoleil, cantilevered on a frame, up to three metres away from the external face of the building. Each fin is pitched at an angle, and also twisted along the axis of the fin. The building is constructed using a steel frame on a ground contact insulated concrete floor slab. The building fabric is generally of a lightweight construction, featuring composite external cladding systems with plasterboard internal linings. Intermediate floor constructions shall be in-situ cast concrete slabs on permanent shuttering. Raised access floors are present above the floor slab in nearly all rooms. MF suspended ceilings are present in nearly all rooms, creating a ceiling void of approximately 800mm in depth. Four zones on the ground floor of the building shall be heated using underfloor heating, and as such, no raised access floor is present. The building is to be predominantly naturally ventilated, with occupied areas without windows being provided with mechanical ventilation through the use of a single roof mounted air handling unit. The majority of rooms to the perimeter of the building shall feature top hung, manually controlled, opening windows. Open plan areas created under revision B maintain mechanical ventilation to the inner sections of the room thereby incurring no changes to the mechanical ventilation strategy over revision A. This creates a hybrid ventilation strategy to the newly created open plan areas, with perimeter zones being naturally ventilated and inner zones being naturally ventilated. An automated system is also present to control natural ventilation through the core of the building. This system shall automatically operate opening windows within the ground floor seminar room and opening windows within the atrium glazed roof lantern. Toilets, showers and kitchenettes shall be provided with a twin-fan ducted extract system. The building shall be predominantly heated using a wet radiator circuit, heated via the university s district heating system, though peak demand shall be satisfied using auxiliary generation, using two local gas fired condensing boilers. Underfloor heating systems shall be present on the ground floor, serving the entrance area, café, idea space and hot desk area. LTHW fanned door heaters shall be present to the sides of all entrance doors. Mechanical cooling shall only be present within the IT comms room, with the remainder of the building receiving cooling via either natural or mechanical ventilation only. Lighting systems shall be LED fittings throughout. Naturally lit occupied rooms shall be provided with photo-sensitive and PIR occupancy sensing controls. Intermittently used areas without access to natural light, such as corridors and WCs, shall be provided with PIR occupancy controls. Hot water generation to the building shall be provided via local, instantaneous hot water heaters. An electric shower shall be installed within the ground floor shower room. Electric hot water boilers shall be provided within kitchenettes. A photo-voltaic panel array shall be present on the roof of the building, currently estimated to yield 3, 741 KWh/annum in order to satisfy the design targets set.

8 Page 8 of 54 Shown below are screen shots of the building geometry within the IES software: Fig 1. Isometric views of building:

9 Page 9 of 54 Fig 2. Isometric views of building without brise-soleil and parapet:

10 Page 10 of Full Dynamic Thermal Simulation Data Inputs This section of the report describes information of importance that has been input into the DTMs. Section eight of the report describes additional information included within the Part L2A (2013) DSM assessment. 4.1 Weather Data The following weather data files have been used; Table 1: Weather data files Weather Data CIBSE Nottingham Test Reference Year 2005 (TRY) CIBSE Nottingham Design Summer Year 2005 (DSY) CIBSE Nottingham Design Summer Year 2050 (High) CIBSE Nottingham Design Summer Year 2050 (Low) Application Heating Load Calculations using the DTM, Building Regulations Part L2A (2013) assessment & Building Regulations Part F (2010) assessment CIBSE TM52 (2013) compliance 2050 future internal temperature projections.

11 Page 11 of Construction Fabric The following construction fabric data has been input into all simulations. Information is based upon data confirmed by the project architect. Table 2: Thermal Envelope U-Values Element Composition U-Value (W/m².K) External Walls Thermal Mass KJ/(m².K) External Wall Composite wall construction Steel frame void Double skin gypsum plasterboard Curtain Walling Composite spandrel panel Floors Ground Floor 700mm Medium density concrete ~100mm PUR insulation Ground Floor Screed 75mm Screed Intermediate Concrete Floor 150mm Medium density concrete Raised Access Floor Overhangs Ceilings 18mm Chipboard 10mm Synthetic carpet 150mm Medium density concrete ~100mm PUR insulation Suspended MF Ceiling 13mm Gypsum plasterboard Roof Roof Composite insulated panel Internal Partitions Lightweight Internal Partitions 15mm Gypsum plasterboard 25mm Glass wool acoustic insulation 45mm Void 15mm Gypsum plasterboard Blockwork Internal Partitions (Lift shaft) 100mm medium density blockwork Plaster skim Doors Internal Doors 40mm chipboard doorset External Personal Doors Specified doorset Plant Room Louvers Assumed specification

12 Page 12 of Glazing: Glazing to the building is allocated based on Schueco glazing information provided by the client. The following inputs have been made. Table 3: Glazing Parameters Glazing U-Value (W/m².K) Glazing Frame Total Frame factor g-value LT-value External Glazing % Atrium Roof Lantern (sides) % Atrium Roof Lantern (roof light) % Entrance Doors % Revolving Door % Internal Glazing % Air Permeability Air infiltration through the building fabric has been assigned based upon the design air permeability rate of Zones with an external wall are assigned a maximum air change rate resulting from infiltration of 0.20ach. This figure is based upon Table 4.16 of CIBSE Guide A (2015); Empirical values for infiltration rate due to air infiltration from rooms on normally exposed sites in winter: office type 1 (naturally ventilated buildings up to 6 storeys; partial exposure. This condition has been applied to all zones including an external wall within both the overheating analysis and space heating system sizing simulations. Note that air permeability can have both a positive and negative effect upon internal conditions, dependent upon the internal/external temperatures and internal set-point temperature.! Due to the complex construction geometry of the building, it is recommended that good attention to detail is paid to construction junctions and building assembly in order to achieve the design air permeability rate. Higher levels of air permeability will result in higher heating demand and reduced thermal comfort.

13 Page 13 of HVAC Systems HVAC systems have been assigned to the simulation using the IES ApacheHVAC software module. Inputs have been based upon the guidance of MIES and supporting documents provided by MIES. Interpretations have been made in certain areas in order to account for such systems within the simulation software HVAC Systems Overview It is proposed that the building shall be predominantly naturally ventilated, with mechanical ventilation being provided to core areas where natural ventilation via opening windows is not available. Mechanical supply ventilation shall be provided to core occupied areas using ceiling mounted grilles, which shall be ducted from a single roof mounted AHU. Each room shall be provided with an air path, configured using ceiling mounted egg-crate grilles, to the central atrium void. The central atrium void shall act as a return air path to an extract terminal located at the height of the atrium void. In order to regulate the ventilation flow rate, the re-circulation damper position and heat recovery by-pass damper position, thermostats and C0 2 sensors are allocated on each floor of the building. In order to control the flow rate to each individual floor, floor level dampers are also assigned which operate using the same controls. The building shall be heated using a wet radiator circuit and an underfloor heating system to the ground floor entrance, café, idea spaces and hot desk area. LTHW air curtains shall be specified to entrance doors. Mechanical cooling shall be provided to the first floor comms room. All occupied rooms to the perimeter of the building shall be provided with manual, top-hung, opening windows, which are assigned to be manually operated based upon local thermal conditions and C0 2 concentrations. An automated natural ventilation system shall also be provided. Following previous analysis of the building documented within Rev * of this report, the design of this system has been revised to include the all top hung windows within the seminar room and all windows circling the lower course of glazing to the atrium roof lantern, expect the single spandrel panel utilised as an extract vent. These windows shall operate based upon thermostatic and C0 2 based controls located within the seminar room and upper atrium. These AOVs are identified within Appendix D. Mechanical extract shall be provided to toilets, kitchenettes and the shower room using a ducted twin fan system. The system shall be in constant operation during occupied time. Duct mounted dampers shall govern the air flow to each space based upon inputs from PIR sensors located in each space, with an over-run time allowance.

14 Page 14 of Mechanical Supply and Extract Ventilation Mechanical ventilation is provided to the following areas: A02 Reception/Admin B02 Office 9 C02 Office 21 A09 Office 6 B09 Office 15 C08 Office 26 A15 Office 7 B10 Office 16 C09 Office 27 A16 Office 16 B15 Hot Desk Area 2 C10 Hot Desk Area 4 A20 Meeting Room 1 B19 Office 20 C22 Office 35 B20 Hot Desk Area 3 C23 Hot Desk Area 5 Each zone is allocated a minimum supply rate of 10l/s/p and maximum supply rate of 15l/s/p, based upon the maximum occupancy figures as detailed within MIES Heating/Ventilation Philosophy Room data Sheet Rev A. The system is allocated to provide supply air to the zones listed above and extract from the top of the atrium void. Return air paths are created through the ceiling voids by means of 600 x 600mm egg-crate grilles with a free opening area of 65%. Air paths between the ceiling voids and atrium void are created by means of 1200mm x 200mm acoustic transfer grilles with a free opening area of 50%. The number of grilles allocated to each room can be found within MIES drawings M004, M005 & M l/s/p supply ventilation is provided to each space during the occupied period 09:00-17:00. A steady-start period between 08:00-09:00 is assigned in order to avoid high heating loads upon system start during the winter.

15 Page 15 of Mechanical Ventilation Re-Circulation Damper The AHU is assigned a re-circulation damper which re-circulates between 0-100% of supply air. Following comments upon the initial revision of this report, control of the re-circulation damper is no longer based upon the extract air condition at the AHU extract terminal. Instead, control is based upon thermostatic and C0 2 controls located in three rooms across all floors identified as being at highest risk from overheating. These rooms are; A15 Office 7 B15 Hot Desk Area 2 C10 Hot Desk Area 4 The recirculation damper is allocated to be active based upon the temperature condition OR the C0 2 concentration of these rooms are as follows, with the highest signal defining the damper position: Fig 3. Re-Circulation Damper Control Logic Re-Circulation Damper; Heating Mode 100% Fresh Air 100% Re-Circulation Room temp. >24oC Room temp. <22oC OR Room C0 2 >1500ppm Room C0 2 <1000ppm AND External air temperature <22 C 08:00-17:00 (n/a 17:00 08:00) Re-Circulation Damper; Cooling Mode 100% Fresh Air 100% Re-Circulation Room temp. >24oC Room temp. <22oC OR Room C0 2 >1500ppm Room C0 2 <1000ppm AND External air temperature >22 C External air temperature 08:00-17:00 <22 C 08:00-17:00 External air temperature >12 C External air temperature 17:00-08:00 <12 C 17:00-08:00 AND Internal air temperature > external air temperature by >+1oC Internal air temperature < external air temperature by >+1oC The system allows fresh air supply during heating mode when CO 2 levels exceed 1000ppm OR where the extract air condition exceeds 24 C. The system only allows fresh air supply during cooling mode when CO 2 levels exceed 1000ppm OR where the extract air condition exceeds 24 C AND the external air temperature exceeds 22 C during the day or 12 C during the night AND the internal air temperature exceeds the external air temperature by +1 C. This allows for daytime and night-time purge mechanical ventilation so long as the external air temperature is sufficiently low.

16 Page 16 of Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery Module: The mechanical ventilation system is equipped with a plate heat exchanger. The proposed AHU model is to be a Nuaire AVT-X as detailed within MIES Technical Submission 1.0. The heat recovery module is indicated to provide a heat recovery efficiency of 70.4% during winter time operation. A conservative average heat recovery efficiency of 50% is assigned within this simulation. A by-pass damper is present within the AHU. As with the control of the re-circulation damper, control of the heat recovery by-pass damper is coordinated based upon sensor inputs located in rooms A15; Office 7, B15; Hot Desk Area 2 and C10; Hot Desk Area 4, with the highest input voting on the damper position. The heat recovery by-pass damper is assigned the following control logic: Fig 4. Heat Recovery By-Pass Damper Control Logic Daytime Functionality (09:00-17:00) By-pass damper is activated when room air temperature > 22 C AND External air temperature is < 22 C Night Time Purge Functionality (17:00-08:00) By-pass damper is activated when the internal temperature > external temperature AND External air temperature is > 12 C Mechanical Ventilation AHU Fan Speed Regulation: The air handling unit is assigned temperature based controls to regulate the air supply to rooms between 10l/s/p and 15l/s/p. Thermostats are located within rooms A15; Office 7, B15; Hot Desk Area 2 and C10; Hot Desk Area 4, with the highest input voting on the fans speed. The fan speeds regulate based upon a linear path function as follows: Fig 5. AHU Fan Speed Control Logic Daytime Soft Start Functionality (08:00-09:00 Mon-Fri) 10l/s/p >10l/s/p 15l/s/p Constant Room air temperature >22 C Room air temperature >24 C A progressive start logic is assigned during this period to steadily bring the fan speed from 0l/s to the required level. Daytime Soft Start Functionality (09:00-17:00 Mon-Fri) 10l/s/p >10l/s/p 15l/s/p Constant Room air temperature >22 C Room air temperature >24 C Night Time Purge Functionality (17:00-08:00) 0l/s >10l/s/p 15l/s/p Room air temperature <18 C Room air temperature >19 C Room air temperature >20 C AND External air temperature exceeds the following temperature set-point profile: 17:00; >18 C 00:00; >13 C 08:00; >12 C

17 Page 17 of Floor Level Zonal Damper Controls In the initial revision of this report, the ventilation system design was criticised as only being capable of providing fixed rate ventilation to all mechanically ventilated areas, irrespective of demand. Upper floors are more prone to overheating, and at certain times, some areas may not be fully occupied. This simulation accounts for variations in demand through the application of floor level dampers which regulate air flow based upon thermostatic controls located within A15; Office 7, B15; Hot Desk Area 2. These dampers regulate flow between a minimum of 10l/s/p and a maximum of 15l/s/p, based upon the following logic: Fig 6. Mechanical Ventilation Floor Level Damper Control Logic: Ground Floor Damper 10l/s/p 15l/s/p Room A15. <21oC Room A15. >23oC First Floor Damper 10l/s/p 15l/s/p Room B15. <21oC Room B15. >23oC Ventilation flow to the third flow is unrestrained. This allows the third floor to receive the highest volumes of air supply during periods of high heat if lower floor dampers are restricted. This suits the building, since upper floors are more likely to experience overheating issues AHU Heater Battery Controls A LTHW heater battery is assigned to the AHU to temper air after passing through either the heat recovery module or the re-circulation damper. The heater battery is assigned to heat supply air to between 14 C and 21 C, based upon the temperature condition of rooms A15; Office 7, B15; Hot Desk Area 2 and C10; Hot Desk Area 4. The heater battery is allocated to only be active when the building s heating systems receive an ON signal from the BMS global heating mode, based upon inputs from an external thermostat. The heater battery is only assigned to become active when the external air temperature is <6 C with a 1 C deadband. The heater battery will heat air to a minimum of 14 C when the room air temperature is >21 C and a maximum of 21 C when the room air temperature is <19 C. These controls have been included to avoid overheating within mechanically ventilated areas during the winter. Internal rooms can become warm even during the winter as a product of internal gains and low fabric heat losses. Therefore, ventilation is capable of being assigned at a low temperature, in order to address internal heat gains, without incurring heat recovery by-pass or excessive heater battery inputs. This results in better temperature stability year round AHU Pre-Heater No pre-heater is currently assigned to the AHU. Air is permitted to enter the heat exchanger at the external air condition.! MIES to qualify minimum operating temperature at which the heat recovery module can operate. If electric pre-heaters are to be included, advise capacity and control.

18 Page 18 of Radiator Circuits Heating via wet radiators is assigned to the following areas, based upon the MIES Heating/ Ventilation Philosophy Room data Sheet Rev A. A02 Reception/Admin Office A04 Office 1 A05 Office 2 A06 Office 3 A07 Office 4 A08 Office 5 A09 Office 6 A10 Kitchenette A11 Female WC A12 Acc WC / Shower A14 Male WC A15 Office 7 A16 Office 8 A18 Seminar Space A19 Meeting Room 2 A20 Meeting Room 1 A.ST01 Staircore 1 A.ST02 Staircore 2 B01 Transgender WC B02 Office 9 B03 Office 10 B04 Office 11 B05 Office 12 B06 Office 13 B07 Office 14 B08 Kitchenette B09 Office 15 B10 Office 16 B11 Female WC B12 Acc WC B14 Male WC B15 Hot Desk Area 2 B16 Office 17 B17 Office 18 B18 Office 19 B19 Office 20 B20 Hot Desk Area 3 B.ST01 Staircore 1 B.ST02 Staircore 2 C02 Office 21 C03 Office 22 C04 Office 23 C05 Office 24 C06 Office 25 C07 Kitchenette C08 Office 26 C09 Office 27 C10 Hot Desk Area 4 C11 Female WC C12 Acc WC C14 Male WC C15 Office 28 C15 Office 28 (sml office) C16 Office 29 C17 Office 30 C18 Office 31 C19 Office 32 C20 Office 33 C21 Office 34 C22 Office 35 C23 IT Hot Desk Area 5 C.ST01 Staircore 1 C.ST02 Staircore 2

19 Page 19 of 54 The ON signal for radiator circulation pumps is regulated using; 1. The BMS global heating mode control based upon and external thermostat input of <15 C with a 1 C deadband. 2. A room thermostat located within A08 Office 5 is assigned a variable temperature setpoint regulating between 20 C at 09:00 and 21 C at 17:00, Mon-Fri. During nonoccupied hours a temperature of 12 C is assigned. A 3hr optimum start period is assigned between 06:00 and 09:00 which ramps the set-point between 12 C and 20 C. 3. Pumps to radiators with the Seminar Room A18, Meeting Room 1 A19 and Meeting Room A20 are regulated based upon the same conditions noted within item (2) above, but instead using thermostats located within the Seminar Room A.18 and Meeting Room 1 A19 *. The flow temperature of radiators is regulated using: 1. Variable temperature radiator circuits (upon each floor of the building). 2. The temperature range of LTHW serving radiators is regulated on each floor, governed by an external thermostat. Where the external thermostat records <0 C, the flow temperature shall be 78 C. This temperature shall decline in a linear manner so that when the external thermostat records >20 C, the flow temperature will be reduced to 20 C. Local flow control to radiators is regulated using: 1. Local TRV s assigned to either a heating set-point of 21 C or 19 C. A 2 C proportional bandwidth is applied to reduce flow to radiators from a maximum of 0.015l/s per KW of installed capacity at the set-point temperature minus 2 C, to 0l/s at the set-point temperature. * This control logic is an approximation of what will occur in practice, due to limitations in the flexibility of the simulation software. In practice, all radiators to the ground floor will be controlled on a single loop, with thermostats within the seminar room, meeting room 1 and office 5 regulating the control input whichever thermostat is the lower of the three. Further controls shall be facilitated through the BMS.

20 Page 20 of Underfloor Heating Systems Heating via a wet underfloor heating system beneath a 75mm screed is assigned to the following areas, based upon the MIES Heating/ Ventilation Philosophy Room data Sheet Rev A. A01 Entrance A17 Café Area A21 Hot Desk Area 1 A22 Idea Space The ON signal for radiator circulation pumps is regulated using; 1. The BMS global heating mode control based upon and external thermostat input of <15 C with a 1 C deadband. 2. A surface mounted slab thermostat and control function which only allows flow where the slab temperature is <3 C more than the room ambient air temperature. The flow temperature of the underfloor heat coils is regulated using: 1. An external BMS thermostat which regulates the flow temperature between 78 C where the external air temperature is <0 C and 20 C where the external air temperature is >20 C. Local flow control to underfloor heat coils is regulated using: 1. An internal room thermostat located within each zone served with UFH. Flow is regulated between 0.015l/s per kw of installed heating capacity where the room air temperature is below the thermostatic set-point and 0l/s where the room air temperature is above the thermostatic set-point. 2. The thermostatic set-point is dictated by a BMS profile, defined within the simulation as shown below. The profile accounts for the higher level of time lag occurring within UFH heating systems. Fig 7. UFH Set-point Profile

21 Page 21 of LTHW Air Curtains Air curtains adjacent to the entrance doors have been included within the simulation using nominal inputs. The air curtains are assigned to provide a flow rate of 1.6m³/s for each door that they serve and a maximum heating capacity of 20KW each. The fan is allocated to function up to a temperature set-point adjacent the door of 35 C. Heating to the air supply is assigned to regulate the flow temperature between 35 C when the zone adjacent the door is <21 C and 23 C when the zone adjacent the door is >23 C. The air curtains are assigned to be on during all occupied time (09:00-17:00 Mon-Fri), irrespective of whether the global BMS heating mode signal is ON Mechanical Extract Fans Mechanical extract is assigned to toilets, kitchens and the shower rooms in order to satisfy Part F of the building regulations (ventilation). Fans are allocated to be functional during occupied time (09:00-17:00 Mon-Fri) and have a 0.9 diversity factor applied to account for PIR operation and overrun. All rooms with mechanical extract have been assigned air transfer grilles to allow air flow when doors are closed. Mechanical extract has been assigned at the following rates: A10 Kitchenette; 16 l/s A11 Female WC; 43 l/s A12 Acc. WC/Shower 24l/s A14 Male WC; 43l/s B01 Trans G WC; 10l/s B08 Kitchenette; 16l/s B11 Female WC; 43l/s B12 Acc. WC; 12l/s B14 Males WC; 43l/s C07 Kitchenette; 16l/s C11 female WC; 43l/s C12 Acc. WC; 12l/s C14 Male WC; 43l/s

22 Page 22 of Automated Natural Ventilation Design development following the initial issue of this report has involved the removal of AOVs above the west entrance area and introduction of AOVs to all (12Nr) top hung opening windows within the seminar room. The rationale behind this approach is that the seminar room is at a high risk from not only overheating, but also low air quality in terms of C0 2 concentrations and humidity. By directing the natural ventilation flow through the seminar room, the intention is to address thermal comfort and air quality within this occupied room, rather than within the non-occupied entrance area, which is neither at risk from overheating or low air quality. Automated Opening Vents (AOVs) are assigned to all opening windows within the Seminar Room and to all but one windows within the lower course of glazing to the atrium roof lantern (one segment is to be an extract air grille). AOVs are assigned opening logic which principally seeks to attend to thermal and air quality conditions within the seminar room, but also takes into account energy efficiency within the wider building. Control logic to each set of windows varies slightly. During occupied hours, both sets of windows modulate based upon the room condition of the Seminar Room. During the night, both sets of windows modulate based upon the room condition of the upper atrium area, as part of the night-time purge strategy. During the day, the opening of windows within Seminar Room seek to stabilise the local room condition, however, where limits to comfort are approached, roof light windows also become operational to purge the space via a convection current strategy. This logic allows roof lights only to open when local windows within the seminar room are incapable of providing suitable comfort levels, and in doing so, prevents excess heat losses through the roof lights during other times. Further considerations can be found within section ten of this report.! Windows will be required to open at night as part of the night-time purge ventilation strategy. If this is likely to pose a security issue, consideration of utilising the AOV smoke vents above the west entrance area for night time purge purposes should be considered.

23 Page 23 of 54 AOVS to both the seminar space and roof light are allocated the following control logic. The vents will progressively open during the day time period 09:00-17:00 Mon-Sun, when; Fig 8. Seminar Room AOV Day Time Control Logic (Summer): Seminar Room Opening Day Time Control Logic (Summer May-Sept): Mon-Sun 09:00-17:00 (based on sensor inputs from seminar room) Window open during all occupied time at minimum 15% Window Fully Open opening capacity. Further opening occurs when; The room air temperature within the seminar room is The room air temperature within the >20 C seminar room is >22 C AND The internal room temperature of the seminar room is > the external temperature. OR CO 2 concentrations within the seminar room >1,000ppm CO 2 concentrations within the seminar room >1,500ppm Fig 8a. Seminar Room AOV Day Time Control Logic (Winter): Seminar Room Opening Day Time Control Logic (Winter Oct-Apr): Mon-Sun 09:00-17:00 (based on sensor inputs from seminar room) Window open during all occupied time at minimum 15% Window Fully Open opening capacity. Further opening occurs when; The room air temperature within the seminar room is The room air temperature within the >20 C seminar room is >22 C AND The internal room temperature of the seminar room is > the external temperature. OR CO 2 concentrations within the seminar room >1,300ppm CO 2 concentrations within the seminar room >1,500ppm Fig 9. Roof light AOV Day Time Control Logic: Roof light Opening Day Time Control Logic: Mon-Sun 09:00-17:00 (based on sensor inputs from seminar room) Windows begins to open Window Fully Open The room air temperature within the seminar room is The room air temperature within the >22 C seminar room is >24 C AND The internal room temperature of the seminar room is > the external temperature. OR CO 2 concentrations within the seminar room >1,400ppm CO 2 concentrations within the seminar room >1,600ppm The vents will progressively open during the night time period 17:00-09:00 Mon-Sun, when; Fig 10.Seminar Room Roof light AOV Night Time Control Logic: Seminar Room & Roof Light Night Time Opening Control Logic: Mon-Sun 17:00-09:00 (based on sensor inputs from upper atrium) Windows begins to open Window Fully Open The room air temperature within the roof light void The room air temperature within the roof is >17 C light is >19 C AND The internal room temperature of the seminar room is > the external temperature. AND The external temperature is above the following set-points at the allotted times; 20 17:00, 10 00:00, 10 06:00 & 12 09:00

24 Page 24 of Bulk Air Movement Natural Ventilation Bulk air movement is modelled within the simulations using the IES MacroFlo software module Manual opening Windows Windows indicated to be opening on architect s drawings have been assigned the following maximum opening characteristics; Ground level windows: 200mm First floor level Windows: 300mm Second Floor Level Windows: 300mm All manual windows are assigned to open during occupied hours (09:00-17:00 Mon Fri), when the following conditions are satisfied: 1. The internal air temperature within the room in question is >22 C, with windows becoming fully open when the air temperature is >26 C. AND 2. The external air temperature is >0 C, with a linear function allowing full opening only when the external temperature is >4 C OR 3. When the internal CO2 concentration exceeds 1,500ppm, with windows becoming fully open when the internal CO2 concentration exceeds 1,700ppm. Manual windows are assigned to be shut 17:00-09:00 and during weekends, annually. All windows manual windows are accounted to allow a degree of trickle ventilation equal to a 5mm opening gap during occupied time to provide background ventilation. Windows all assigned not to open when external temperatures are below 0 C in order to account for the likelihood that occupants will wish to avoid cold drafts. During such times, C0 2 concentrations can be expected to rise. All opening windows are assigned a degree of air leakage based upon a typical quality weather sealed hinged window Automated Opening Vents (AOVs) AOVs to the atrium roof lantern are assigned to be top hung opening lights with a maximum opening capacity of 11. This equates to a maximum of approximately 300mm opening along the leading edge. AOVs to the seminar room are assigned to be top hung opening lights with a maximum opening capacity allowing a 200mm opening along the leading edge. An opening distance >100mm has been confirmed as acceptable in respect of Part M of the building regulations due to the presence of a 400mm gravel perimeter boundary to the building. Opening conditions are as described within section of this report. AOVs above the west entrance area are consider non-operational within this simulation and included only for the purposes of fire safety smoke removal.

25 Page 25 of Internal Doors All internal doors are assigned to be shut at all times. A crack flow co-efficient is assigned to allow a degree of air movement based upon a typical internal door Plant Room Louvers! Plant room lovers are allocated a nominal co-efficient of discharge of 0.4. These are allocated to the ground floor plant room only. The IT comms rooms and first floor plant room shall be equipped with air tight spandrel panels, as confirmed by the project architect. It is advised to install insulation within the plant room partition wall in order to thermally isolate this space Entrance Doors Entrance doors are assigned to be open for a nominal 5% of occupied time. This is a nominal figure and higher rates will increase the load upon door air curtains and/or reduce internal temperatures Revolving Doors Revolving doors are assigned a crack flow co-efficient typical of a revolving door. No additional heat loss occurs through air movement, as occurs with the standard entrance doors Sound Scoop Air Transfer Paths to Seminar Space Passivent Soundscoop air transfer paths are accounted for within the seminar space. Five Soundscoops measuring 620mm x 320mm have been assigned to the top of the partition wall between the seminar space and adjacent circulation area. These create a total free opening area of 0.5m². A single Soundscoop measuring 620mm x 320mm has been assigned to the top of the partition wall between Meeting Room 1 and the adjacent circulation area, creating a free-opening area of 0.1m² Air Transfer Grilles to Zones with Mechanical Extract Transfer grilles are accounted for above doorways to all rooms with mechanical extract provided Air Transfer Grilles to Zones with Mechanical Supply See item of this report.

26 Page 26 of Internal Gains Schedules Internal gains accounted for occupants, lighting and equipment, as follows: Occupancy Gains Maximum occupancy rates are assigned as detailed within the MIES Heating/ Ventilation Philosophy Room data Sheet Rev A. Two daily occupancy profiles are assigned. The majority of areas utilise the office occupancy profile shown below (where 0=no occupancy and 1 =full occupancy): Fig 11. Occupancy Profiles The café area uses the following profile: Areas with no allocated peak occupancy receive no internal gains from occupants and are consider non-occupied. All areas account for zero occupancy during the weekend. Each building occupant produces internal gains based upon the CIBSE moderate office work template, producing of 75W/p sensible heat gains and 55W/p latent heat gains.

27 Page 27 of Lighting Gains Internal gains from lighting are allocated based upon the proposed LED lighting specification prepared by Dextra and lighting drawings E002A, E003A, E004A prepared by MIES. All lighting within the building shall feature LED fittings. All day lit areas account for daylight dimming controls. Lighting to these areas is assigned to be dimmed or turned off completely based upon natural daylight lux levels occurring within the zone. Office and hot desk areas are assigned to begin dimming lighting when internal lux levels exceed 250, becoming turned off when internal lux levels exceed 450lux. Office areas are also to be equipped with PIR occupancy controls. For the purposes of this analysis, lighting is accounted to be on only during occupied hours in reality offices may not be occupied at all times, therefore this assumption is conservative. The seminar room will be manually dimmed, but accounts for same logic within the assessment. Remaining areas with dimming controls are assigned to begin dimming lighting when internal daylight lux levels exceed 100, becoming turned off when internal lux levels exceed 200lux. All photo sensors are located in the centre of the zone, at ceiling level, facing downwards. Lighting to intermittently used, non-occupied spaces such as WCs, kitchenettes and corridors are assigned with PIR controls as allocated on MIES drawings. Lighting gains to these zones accounts for lighting during occupied time, with a 0.9 diversity factor applied to account for PIR the controls.

28 Page 28 of Equipment Gains Equipment gains are allocated based upon the template equipment gains indicated within the ARUP Overheating Report item in the majority of areas. IT Hot Desk areas are allocated internal gains amounting to 150W per work station. Equipment gains are assigned the following template Mon-Fri. No equipment gains are present over the weekend, except within the plant rooms, as described below. Fig 12. Equipment Gains Profile The ground and first floor plant rooms account for internal gains amounting to 1,000W. The first floor comms plant room is assigned nominal internal gains amounting to 4,500W. Gains to all plant room spaces is assigned to be in constant effect. Detailed information concerning accurate internal gains has been sought from the UoN, however information has not yet been provided. It has been agreed the nominal rates above shall be used unless otherwise specified.

29 Page 29 of CIBSE TM52 (2013) Compliance 5.1 TM52 Assessment Criteria Described below are the design criteria detailed within CIBSE TM52 which the building is required to achieve. Occupied areas of the building are assessed under the code. A room that fails any two of the criteria is considered to overheat. Fig. 13: TM52 Criterion 1 Criterion 1: Hours of Exceedence The first criterion sets a limit for the number of hours that the operative temperature can exceed the threshold comfort temperature (upper limit of the range of comfort temperature) by 1 K or more during the occupied hours of a typical non heating season (1 May to 30 September). This criterion is assessed as follows: The number of hours (H e) during which T is greater than or equal to one degree (K) during the period May to September inclusive shall not be more than 3 per cent of occupied hours. Where: T = T OP - T MAX Where: T OP T MAX = Actual operative temp in a given room = The limiting maximum acceptable temperature Where: T MAX = 0.33T RM Where: T RM =the running mean of the outdoor air temperature

30 Page 30 of 54 Fig. 14: TM52 Criterion 2 Criterion 2: Daily weighted Exceedance The second criterion deals with the severity of overheating within any one day, which can be as important as its frequency, the level of which is a function of both temperature rise and its duration. This criterion sets a daily limit for acceptability To allow for the severity of overheating the weighted exceedance (W E) shall be less than or equal to 6 in any one day where: W E = ( h E) x WF = (h e0 x 0) + (h e1 x 1) + (h e2 x 2) + (h e3 x 3) Where the weighted factor WF = 0 if T 0, otherwise WF = T, and h ey is the time (h) when WF = y. Fig. 14: TM52 Criterion 3 Criterion 3: Upper limit Temperature The third criterion sets an absolute maximum daily temperature for a room, beyond which the level of overheating is unacceptable. To set an absolute maximum value for the indoor operative temperature the value of T shall not exceed 4K.

31 Page 31 of TM52 Assessment Outcomes The simulation has been run as described within section four of this report. The following results have been produced: Table 4: TM52 Outcomes Room Name Criteria 1 (%Hrs Top- Tmax>=1K) Criteria 2 (Max. Daily Deg.Hrs) Criteria 3 (Max. DeltaT) Criteria failing Pass/Fail A01 Entrance PASS A02 Reception/Admin PASS A02 Reception/Admin PASS A04 Office PASS A05 Office PASS A06 Office PASS A07 Office PASS A08 Office PASS A09 Office PASS A15 Office PASS A16 Office PASS A17 Cafe Area PASS A18 Seminar Space PASS A19 Meeting Room PASS A20 Meeting Room PASS A21 Hot Desk Area PASS A22 Idea Space PASS B02 Office PASS B03 Office PASS B04 Office PASS B05 Office PASS B06 Office PASS B07 Office PASS B09 Office PASS B10 Office PASS B15 Hot Desk Area PASS B16 Office PASS B17 Office PASS B18 Office PASS B19 Office PASS B20 Hot Desk Area PASS C02 Office PASS C03 Office PASS C04 Office PASS C05 Office PASS C06 Office PASS C08 Office PASS C09 Office PASS C10 Hot Desk Area PASS C15 Office PASS C15 Office 28 (sml office) PASS C16 Office PASS C17 Office PASS C18 Office PASS C19 Office PASS C20 Office PASS C21 Office PASS C22 Office PASS C23 Hot Desk Area PASS *Areas not listed are non-occupied, non-assessed areas.

32 Page 32 of Future Weather Data Scenarios Outcomes In order to provide some indication of likely future internal temperatures, the building simulation as used for TM52 compliance has been run using the CIBSE future weather file data Nottingham DSY2050L and Nottingham DSY2050H. The following outcomes have been produced. 6.1 Future Climate Change Weather File Outcomes Table 5: Future Climate Change Scenario Outcomes: Room % Occupied Time Above Dry Resultant Temperature of 28 C Nottingham DSY 2005 Nottingham DSY 2050 Low Nottingham DSY 2050 High A02 Reception/Admin Desk A02 Reception/Admin Office A04 Office A05 Office A06 Office A07 Office A08 Office A09 Office A15 Office A16 Office A17 Cafe Area A18 Seminar Space A19 Meeting Room A20 Meeting Room A21 Hot Desk Area A22 Idea Space B02 Office B03 Office B04 Office B05 Office B06 Office B07 Office B09 Office B10 Office B15 Hot Desk Area B16 Office B17 Office B18 Office B19 Office B20 Hot Desk Area C02 Office C03 Office C04 Office C05 Office C06 Office C08 Office C09 Office C10 Hot Desk Area C15 Office C15 Office 28 (sml office) C16 Office C17 Office C18 Office C19 Office C20 Office C21 Office C22 Office C23 Hot Desk Area

33 Page 33 of Heating Load Calculations Heating loads calculations have been carried out using two methodologies; 1. Dynamic Thermal Simulation (DTM) 2. CIBSE Steady State Heat Loss Calculation The two methodologies differ significantly, and as such provide distinctly different results. Details of each methodology can be found within Appendix B. Unless there is good reason to do so, it is recommended not to use the CIBSE steady state data where DTM data is available. This is particularly the case within seminar room which may incur high levels of heat loss via natural ventilation. The following peak heating loads are recorded: Table 6. Peak heating Loads Ground Floor Room Recorded Peak Heating Load (KW) DTM Method CIBSE Steady State UFH Slabs Method A01 Entrance A17 Cafe Area A21 Hot Desk Area A22 Idea Space Radiators A.ST01 Staircore A.ST02 Staircore A02 Reception/Admin (Office) A02 Reception/Admin (Desk) A04 Office A05 Office A06 Office A07 Office A08 Office A09 Office A10 Kitchenette A11 Female WC A12 Acc.WC/Shower A14 Male WC A15 Office A16 Office A18 Seminar Space A19 Meeting Room A20 Meeting Room AHU Heater Battery AHU Heater Battery n/a Air Curtains West Entrance Door A (nominal)* n/a West Entrance Door B (nominal)* n/a East Entrance Door A (nominal)* n/a East Entrance Door B (nominal)* n/a * TBC by specialist air curtain contractor.

34 Page 34 of 54 Table 7. Peak heating Loads First and Second Floors Room Recorded peak heating Load (KW) DTM Method CIBSE Steady State Method Radiators B.ST01 Staircore B.ST02 Staircore B01 Trans G WC B02 Office B03 Office B04 Office B05 Office B06 Office B07 Office B08 Kitchenette B09 Office B10 Office B11 Female WC B12 Acc. WC B14 Male WC B15 Hot Desk Area B16 Office B17 Office B18 Office B19 Office B20 Hot Desk Area C.ST01 Staircore C.ST02 Staircore C02 Office C03 Office C04 Office C05 Office C06 Office C07 Kitchenette C08 Office C09 Office C10 Hot Desk Area C11 Female WC C12 Acc. WC C14 Male WC C15 Office C15 Office 28 (sml office) C16 Office C17 Office C18 Office C19 Office C20 Office C21 Office C22 Office C23 Hot Desk Area Heat Pump B13 Plant Room 2 ICT Hub 0.00 (Total Heating) 4.45 (Total Cooling) 0.55 (Heating)

35 Page 35 of Winter Time Minimum Internal Temperatures BREEAM credit Hea4 Thermal Comfort requires that minimum internal temperatures do not fall below those described within CIBSE Guide A Table 1.5 Recommended Comfort Criteria for Specific Applications during occupied time. The temperatures defined within Table 1.5 are generally achieved, however heating system setpoints within the simulation are based upon item of the ARUP Building Services Particular Specification, which differ slightly for certain room types. The table below displays the heating set-point for each room and the percentage of occupied time during the period November to May in which the room air temperature falls below the heating setpoint:! Outcomes are based upon the heat emitter capacities defined within Tables 6 & 7 of this report. Lower heating capacities may result in different figures. Table 8. Heating Set-Points and Time Out of Range Ground Floor Annual Room Heating Set-Point As Assigned in Simulation Percentage Occupied Time During Period Nov- May Below Set-Point (%) CIBSE Guide A Recommended Set-Point Heating Set-Point ( C) Percentage Occupied Time During Period Nov- May Below Set-Point (%) Heating Set- Point ( C) Ground Floor Occupied Spaces A01 Entrance A17 Cafe Area A21 Hot Desk Area A22 Idea Space A02 Reception/Admin A02 Reception/Admin A04 Office A05 Office A06 Office A07 Office A08 Office A09 Office A15 Office A16 Office A18 Seminar Space A19 Meeting Room A20 Meeting Room Ground Floor Non-Occupied Spaces A.ST01 Staircore A.ST02 Staircore A10 Kitchenette A11 Female WC A12 Acc.WC/Shower A14 Male WC

36 Page 36 of 54 Table 9. Heating Set-Points and Time Out of Range First Floor Annual Room Heating Set-Point As Assigned in Simulation Percentage Occupied Time During Period Nov- May Below Set-Point (%) CIBSE Guide A Recommended Set-Point Heating Set-Point ( C) Percentage Occupied Time During Period Nov- May Below Set-Point (%) Heating Set- Point ( C) First Floor B02 Office B03 Office B04 Office B05 Office B06 Office B07 Office B09 Office B10 Office B15 Hot Desk Area B16 Office B17 Office B18 Office B19 Office B20 Hot Desk Area First Floor Non-Occupied Spaces B.ST01 Staircore B.ST02 Staircore B01 Trans G WC B08 Kitchenette B11 Female WC B12 Acc. WC B14 Male WC

37 Page 37 of 54 Table 10 Heating Set-Points and Time Out of Range Second Floor Annual Room Heating Set-Point As Assigned in Simulation Heating Set- Point ( C) Percentage Occupied Time During Period Nov- May Below Set-Point (%) CIBSE Guide A Recommended Set-Point Heating Set-Point ( C) Percentage Occupied Time During Period Nov- May Below Set-Point (%) Second Floor C02 Office C03 Office C04 Office C05 Office C06 Office C08 Office C09 Office C10 Hot Desk Area C15 Office C15 Office 28 (sml office) C16 Office C17 Office C18 Office C19 Office C20 Office C21 Office C22 Office C23 Hot Desk Area Second Floor Non-Occupied Spaces C.ST01 Staircore C.ST02 Staircore C07 Kitchenette C11 Female WC C12 Acc. WC C14 Male WC

38 Page 38 of Part F Indoor Air Quality Outcomes Part F of the building regulations requires that naturally ventilated areas achieve the same levels of indoor air quality (IAQ) as would be achieved through the application of 10l/s/p mechanical ventilation, with C0 2 levels being used as an indicator of IAQ. Naturally ventilated areas with manual openings are simulated using the control logic described within Section of this report. Note that this logic applies window opening based upon C0 2 concentrations only when C0 2 concentrations exceed 1,500ppm. In reality, occupants will choose when to open windows based upon their own needs. All areas are shown not to exceed 1,600ppm. Lower levels could be achieved where lower C0 2 thresholds are applied to the window opening control logic. The seminar space operates on the control logic described within figures 8, 9 & 10. This space operates using lower C0 2 thresholds. Therefore, the peak figures shown are unlikely to be improved upon, since further window opening is less viable. The seminar space A18 also demonstrates that C0 2 levels will not exceed 1,600ppm. Peak C0 2 levels and mean average C0 2 levels when occupied are shown below:

39 Page 39 of 54 Table 11 Peak and Mean C02 Concentrations Room Name Peak C0 2 Level (ppm) when External Temp >0 C Mean C0 2 Level When Occupied (ppm) A02 Reception/Admin Desk A02 Reception/Admin Office 1, A04 Office 1 1, A05 Office 2 1, A06 Office 3 1, A07 Office 4 1, A08 Office A09 Office 6 1, A15 Office 7 1, A16 Office 8 1, A17 Cafe Area A18 Seminar Space 1,404 1,150 A19 Meeting Room 2 1,402 1,302 A20 Meeting Room 1 1, A21 Hot Desk Area A22 Idea Space B02 Office 9 1, B03 Office 10 1, B04 Office 11 1, B05 Office 12 1, B06 Office 13 1, B07 Office 14 1,481 1,005 B09 Office 15 1, B10 Office 16 1, B15 Hot Desk Area 2 1, B16 Office 17 1, B17 Office 18 1, B18 Office 19 1, B19 Office 20 1, B20 Hot Desk Area C02 Office 21 1, C03 Office 22 1, C04 Office 23 1,513 1,170 C05 Office 24 1,513 1,165 C06 Office 25 1,471 1,025 C08 Office 26 1, C09 Office 27 1, C10 Hot Desk Area C15 Office 28 1, C15 Office 28 (sml office) 1,520 1,075 C16 Office 29 1, C17 Office 30 1, C18 Office 31 1, C19 Office 32 1, C20 Office 33 1, C21 Office 34 1, C22 Office 35 1, C23 Hot Desk Area 5 1, *Note: Higher concentrations do occur within manually controlled areas during sub-zero conditions when based on currently modelled control logic.

40 Page 40 of Part L2A (2013) Compliance A Part L2A (2013) compliance assessment has been carried out on the building using a Level 5 DSM assessment based upon the modelling used for the DTM. The building is required to demonstrate Part L2A (2013) compliance and further, indicate a 10% reduction in CO2 emissions over a Part L2A (2013) pass, in order to satisfy local planning policy. 9.1 Part L2A Plant Efficiency & Controls The Part L2A simulation uses inputs that are consistent with the modelling described with section four of this report. In addition, the following levels efficiency and controls specifications are used: Boiler Plant Boiler plant is assigned to District heating for heating systems which allow this heat generation type within the Part L compliance software. The only heating system type not assigned district heating as the heat generator type is the entrance door air curtains, which are assigned as a heated using a natural gas boiler with a seasonal efficiency of 96%. Two variable parameters can be entered in respect of district heating systems; 1. Carbon conversion factor 2. Primary energy factor In order to calculate the carbon factor of the system, it is necessary to calculate a weighted average of the carbon factor of the fuel source, accounting for each fuel type used within the system. In order to calculate the primary energy factor, it is necessary to calculate the metered fuel energy into the system the useful energy out of the system. This information has been requested from the UoN but is yet to be provided. Therefore, suitable approximations have been used within the calculation. The carbon conversion factor of the system is accounted to be the same as that of natural gas. The primary energy factor is accounted to be 0.85, accounting for some renewable energy inputs Comms Room Cooling Plant An air source heat pump with a SCoP of 3.92 and SEER of 4.00 has been assigned to the comms room.

41 Page 41 of Circulation Pumps Circulation pumps to all heating systems are assigned as variable rate pumps with a sensor in the system AHU! The air handling unit is assigned based upon the proposed Nuaire AVT-X AHU. The unit achieves an SFP of 1.8W/l/s and includes a plate heat exchanger with a winter heat recovery efficiency of 70.4%. Note that the SFP of the AHU must satisfy the maximum SFP criteria detailed within Tables 35 & 36 of the Non-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide 2013 Edition in order to satisfy the building regulations Part L2A 2013 Criterion 2. The currently proposed units complies with this code Mechanical Extract Fans! All mechanical extract fans are assigned an SFP of 0.5W/l/s. As above, the SFP of extract fans must satisfy the maximum SFP criteria detailed within Tables 35 & 36 of the Non-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide 2013 Edition in order to satisfy the building regulations Part L2A 2013 Criterion 2. Fans with an SFP in excess of 0.5W/l/s will fail to achieve this code Lighting Lighting data has been input into the Part L2A assessment using the lighting layout drawings provided by MIES and lux plots provided by Dextra. The building shall be specified with LED lighting in all areas. Lighting to all areas, with the exception of some non-occupied spaces including services risers and the plant rooms, shall feature occupancy detecting switching and photo-sensitive switching. The only exception to this is the seminar room, which shall be manually dimmed Metering All heating systems are assigned to be sub-metering using systems which provide alarms for out-ofrange readings (via the BMS). All lighting systems are assigned to be sub-metering using systems which provide alarms for out-ofrange readings (via the BMS) Power Factor Correction Power factor correction equipment with a correction factor of >0.95 is accounted for Renewable Energy Generation No PV generation is required to satisfy either part L of the building regulations or local planning policy concerning the limitation of C0 2 emissions based on the specification described within this report. Renewable generation capacity via PV panels has however been assigned for the purposes of BREEAM, providing a 5% reduction in CO 2 emissions through the use of renewable technologies. This equates to the application of 30m² 15% efficient panels, orientated due south at an inclination of 30, producing 3,741 KWh/yr.

42 Page 42 of Part L2A Outcomes When using the inputs described within this report, the building demonstrates compliance with the building regulations Part L2A (2013) criterions 1, 2 &3. A completed Part L2A (2013) BRUKL document can be found within Appendix C. The simulation provides the following outcomes: Criterion 1: C0 2 Emission Rates Fig 15. Part L2A Criterion 1 Outcomes; Notional Building Target Emissions rate Building Emission Pass/Fail (TER) Rate (BER) PASS Criterion 2: Limits to Design Flexibility Where plant installations satisfy the minimum efficiency levels described within the Non-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide 2013 Edition, and design U-Values are achieved on site, the building shall satisfy Part L2A Criterion 2. Lighting within three zones is highlighted to potentially be below the minimum efficacy requirements of Non-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide 2013 Edition (as highlighted on the BRUKL document) when assigned based upon the lux plots provided. All luminaires exceed the minimum efficacy limits require, therefore, full compliance with Criterion 2 is achieved Criterion 3: Limits to Summer Time Solar Gains Three areas of the building are assessed not to satisfy Criterion 3 of Part L2A. It is suggested to liaise with the building control officer on this matter. It should be noted that the criterion three check can be highly misleading and gives next to no indication of the likelihood of overheating.! Note that Criterion 3 of Part L2A IS NOT an assessment of overheating risk. 9.3 Carbon Reductions for Local Planning Policy Compliance with the required local planning policy will be met through the demonstration that CO 2 emissions are at least 10% lower than a minimum standard pass. This is achieved through the building specification as is, without the requirement for any further renewable technologies. Photovoltaic generation is incorporated for the purposes of BREEAM credits alone. Fig 16. C02 Reduction Percentage for Local Planning Policy; Notional Building Target Emissions rate Building Emission Calculated C0 2 (TER) Rate (BER) Reduction %

43 Page 43 of Conclusions 10.1 Summer Time Thermal Comfort Conclusions The building is assessed to satisfy thermal comfort metric CIBSE TM52 in all occupied areas of the building. The IT comms room is assessed not to exceed 23 C based on the 4.5KW of internal gains accounted for within assessment and an air source heat pump unit providing a total of 4.49kW of cooling capacity. Definition of the UoN Cabling Infrastructure Design Specification has been requested but is yet to be provided, therefore compliance with this requirement cannot be fully verified. Future projections of internal temperatures have been provided for reference purposes under the 2050 High and 2050 Low CIBSE Nottingham DSY weather files Building Regulations Part L2A (2013) Conclusions The building demonstrates full compliance with Part L2A (2013) when using the parameters described within this report, bar criterion 3 compliance within three zones. Criterion 3 is however a misleading assessment and is not a calculation of overheating risk. The building is assessed not to overheat, using mainly passive methods for cooling. It is therefore recommended to seek leniency from the building control officer in this case Carbon Reductions for Local Planning Policy A 10% reduction in carbon emissions as required by local planning policy can be facilitated without the requirement for renewable technologies. The inclusion of any such system for other purposes (BREEAM credits etc) will only further improve compliance with this policy Building Regulations Part F (2010) Conclusions The building regulations Part F requires that non-domestic buildings served with mechanical ventilation provide a ventilation rate of 10 l/s/p in order to maintain indoor air quality (IAQ). All mechanically ventilated areas within the building provide a minimum ventilation rate of 10l/s/p. The quota of fresh air provided is regulated via the AHU mixing box, and is regulated based upon C0 2 sensors on each floor. For naturally ventilated areas, the building regulations Part F refers to CIBSE Guide AM10 Natural Ventilation Design in Non-Domestic Buildings. This manual describes how naturally ventilated areas should seek to achieve the same levels of IAQ attainable via mechanical ventilation operating at 10l/s/p, via natural ventilations means, using C0 2 concentrations as an indicator of IAQ. Peak C0 2 levels within all occupied spaces are shown within Table 11. These show that C0 2 levels are not assessed to exceed 1,600ppm. This satisfies the criteria of CIBSE Guide A (2015) Table 4.5 Approximate sedentary C0 2 concentrations associated with air quality classification (BS EN (BSI, 2007), under the classification of IDA4 Low IAQ as defined by Table 4.1. It should be noted that figures noted within Table 11 of this report indicate the lowest IAQ during the year. Higher IAQ levels occur during the majority of time. Further, occupants are able to improve IAQ through the opening of windows, though this would come at the detriment of space heating demand. As such, it is concluded that all areas of the building satisfy the building regulations Part F.

44 Page 44 of BREEAM 2014 Conclusions Hea4; Thermal Comfort The building satisfies the criteria of CIBSE TM52 using an assessment procedure that complies with the requirements of CIBSE AM11 (and beyond). Being a naturally ventilated/free-running building, the building demonstrates that upper limit temperatures are satisfactory for the achievement of the first credit attainable under BREEAM issue Hea4. Hea4 also requires that minimum temperatures be achieved in accordance with Table 1.5 of CIBSE Guide A or an appropriate industry standard. CIBSE Guide A values are not achieved in all areas -this is the product of heating set-points being assigned as per the ARUP Building Services Particular Specification (in which certain rooms are assigned marginally different set-points to those prescribed within CIBSE Guide A). It is suggested that the BREEAM assessor accepts these heating set-point as an appropriate industry standard. The allocated heating set-points are achieved for the vast majority of time in nearly all areas. Internal temperatures within the large majority of spaces fall below the heating set-point temperature for <1% occupied time, which is considered acceptable. A small number of non-occupied areas on the ground floor fall below the allocated heating set-point for >1% of occupied time. Being nonoccupied spaces, these are not considered to be of critical importance. For these reasons, it is recommended that BREEAM credit Hea04 Thermal Comfort, is achieved under this building specification. The building is found to not satisfy CIBSE TM52 using the projected CIBSE 2050 Low and 2050 High Nottingham Design Summer Year weather files. The building specification is therefore not eligible for the second credit attainable under this BREEAM issue, unless the project team demonstrate how the building can be adapted, or designed to be easily adapted in future using passive design solutions in order to subsequently meet the requirements of CIBSE TM Ene4; Low Carbon Design The building is considered eligible to receive the first two credits under BREEAM issue Ene4; Passive Design Analysis and Free Cooling. Analysis of the building as described within this report covers items listed under BREEAM credit Ene4 reference CN3, as required to satisfy the first credit; Passive Design Analysis. The building utilises night time cooling in order to maintain thermal comfort standards, which is listed as an acceptable technology as listed under BREEAM credit Ene4 reference CN3.1.

45 Page 45 of Observations & Recommendations 11.1 Regulation of Thermal Comfort and IAQ within Seminar Room A18 The Seminar Room A18 behaves significantly differently to other rooms within the building, by virtue of; a) The presence of AOV s. b) High occupancy density. c) Rapid variations in occupancy density. Without suitable attention, this room runs a higher risk of incurring either above acceptable C0 2 concentrations, or below acceptable internal temperatures. In order to regulate internal C0 2 levels, AOV s are assigned controls based upon C0 2 concentrations, as well as temperature inputs. When open, ventilation via the AOVs has the potential to cause undesired heat losses (cooling) during the heating season. Simulations suggest that the rapid regulation of AOVs in an attempt to stabilise C0 2 levels can result in rapid spikes in heating demand, and incur moderate swings in the internal temperature. In order to avoid/reduce this occurrence, the simulation accounts for windows within the seminar room being set so as to allow a minimum 15% opening capacity when the room is occupied. This allows a higher level of C0 2 stability within the room, however higher heating loads are experienced. For this reason, the room accounts for higher peak heating loads than would usually be experienced within a room of this size. The use of natural ventilation does incur much higher heating loads than would occur when using a mechanical ventilation system. Under the proposed natural ventilation strategy, AOV and heating system controls should aim to achieve a suitable balance between indoor air quality and temperature, with respect to heating energy Controllability of Under Floor Heating Systems Underfloor heating systems are by nature less controllable than other forms of heating. The inclusion of a high thermal mass floor slab means that the temperature of the slab, and by extension the air temperature of the room, take longer to respond to changes in heating demand. The underfloor heating settings used within this simulation are assigned to ensure that minimum thermal comfort levels are achieved. However, this does increase the risk of overheating occurring within areas served by underfloor heating. It is therefore recommended that in practice, the heating set-point for these areas is delayed until the first hour of occupancy. Internal gains within these areas serve to increase the air temperature of the room, and where the slab is already sufficiently warm to achieve thermal comfort at the start of the day, excessive internal temperatures can start to occur soon after.

46 Page 46 of Excessive Solar Shading The building is specified with extensive solar shading through the use of brise-soleil and low-g glazing throughout. This may well incur very low natural light levels in certain areas, particularly to the north of the building. This will incur reduced occupancy visual comfort and also increase artificial lighting demand. It is recommended that low-g glazing is not specified to windows on the north elevation. Further, it may be beneficial to carry out daylight analysis, in order assess the availability of day light Thermal Mass A prominent factor in the causation of high internal temperatures is the use of very low thermal mass construction materials. High thermal mass is only available within the intermediate concrete floors. However, this is sheltered from occupied spaces through the use of suspended ceilings to the underside and raised access floors to the upper. Nearly all internal partitions are of a lightweight construction and all external walls feature lightweight internal linings. It is noteworthy that the ARUP building services specification notes in item that In all naturally ventilated areas, thermal mass shall be provided by the use of exposed structure, noting the proposed architectural finishes to exposed concrete. For whatever reason, this appears not have been adopted within the proposed architectural designs. Generally, any building wishing to achieve TM52 compliance without mechanical cooling will require a night time purge ventilation strategy. Although this has been accounted for within the HVAC specification used within the simulation, the limited availability of thermal mass results in rapid temperature rises (and falls) throughout a 24hr period. As such, the night-time purge strategy is of limited effect. This building achieves TM52 compliance in all areas, even with the use of lightweight construction fabrics, however, this may be at the detriment of natural lighting, as discussed above. It is suggested that the inclusion of higher thermal mass materials, which are thermally accessible; such as masonry partitions with a direct plastered finish (not dot and dab boarding), would have a significant impact on thermal stability and internal comfort conditions, in addition to reduced HVAC loads.

47 Page 47 of Manual Window Operation Occupied naturally ventilated rooms are reliant upon occupant interaction to open and close windows at suitable times, in order to avoid overheating issues. The modelling described within this report accounts for windows remaining closed during the night time. It should be noted that where users are relied upon to open and close windows, the risk of overheating shall increase. Scenarios where windows remain shut in rooms not occupied for part of the day may incur high internal temperatures that shall be exacerbated by the low thermal mass construction methods described above. The end client should be informed of this situation. The use of a building management policy to open windows during summertime nights would improve thermal comfort conditions, especially if combined with higher thermal mass construction fabrics Curtain Walling The building is heavily shaded, therefore solar gains are of limited importance in the context of overheating. Overheating is principally the result of relatively high internal gains from occupants, lighting and equipment, combined with low thermal capacity construction fabrics. Thermal conduction from external air to internal air is also high as a consequence of the high quota of glazing and curtain walling, which provides a much increased rate of conductive heat transfer when compared to a section of external wall. Thermal comfort could be further improved where curtain walling is replaced with standard external wall. Generally, curtain walling is not beneficial to thermal comfort in any case, as it is effectively a section of wall with dramatically reduced thermal efficiency which does not allow for solar gains.

48 Page 48 of 54 Appendix A: Certificates of Competency

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52 Page 52 of 54 Appendix B: Heat Load Calculation Methodologies Two heat load calculations are present within the report; 1. Dynamic Thermal Simulation (DTM) 2. CIBSE Steady State Heat Loss Calculation These methodologies are distinctly different and these difference should be understood by the heating engineer. DTM Calculation: The DTM calculation utilises all the parameters described within section four of this report. It is a dynamic assessment using a six minute time step and reporting interval that accounts for a wide range of variables including solar gains, thermal mass in construction fabrics, ventilation gains/losses, intermittent occupancy patterns and variable heating set-points. As such, it provides a reasonably accurate prediction of the thermal loads occurring within the building, but makes no account of over-sizing factors. The simulation is based upon the Nottingham TRY weather file and DOES account for internal gains from occupants, lighting and equipment as described within the report. If these supplementary gains are preferred to be omitted, this can be carried out. Heating load figures produced using a DTM assessment are very often higher than those produced using the CIBSE steady state method. This is principally due to the fact the variable temperature setpoints are account for. Other factors such as the inclusion of mechanical ventilation and the presence of thermal mass, high solar/internal gains and so on can also play a significant role. If it is the case that calculated figures appear abnormally high, significant reductions in the peak heating load will be achievable by relaxing the heating set-point allocated within the simulation for the first hour of building occupancy per day. The simulation currently sizes heating systems to achieve the desired set-point by 9am, which is quickly exceeded through the presence of internal gains from people, equipment and lighting. Where the heating set-point is relaxed for the first hour of occupancy, to eg 18 C, a significant reduction in peak heating load shall be realised. CIBSE Steady State Calculation: By comparison to the DTM calculation discussed above, the CIBSE steady state calculation is relatively primitive, though is sometimes preferred as an industry standard method. The calculation assesses the energy required to maintain a steady state internal temperature of 19 C or 21 C as appropriate, accounting for conductive heat losses through the building fabric only. It does not account for the effects of solar gains, thermal mass in construction fabrics, ventilation gains/losses, intermittent occupancy patterns and variable heating set-points. As such, it may provide an unrealistic indication of heating loads. Therefore, suitable sizing factors must be applied to account for these omissions. It is recommended that DTM figures are used if available, or the higher figure of the two calculations if in doubt.

53 Page 53 of 54 Appendix C: Part L2A BRUKL Document

54 Page 54 of 54 Appendix D: Opening Windows Allocated As AOVs Seminar Room: Atrium Rooflight: