DIN EN : (E)

Transcription

1 DIN EN : (E) Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-1: General structural rules Contents Page Foreword to EN : !Foreword to EN :2007/A1: #Foreword to EN :2007/A2: General Scope Scope of EN Scope of EN Normative references General references References on structural design References on aluminium alloys References on welding Other references Assumptions Distinction between principles and application rules Terms and definitions Symbols Conventions for member axes Specification for execution of the work Basis of design Requirements Basic requirements Reliability management Design working life, durability and robustness Principles of limit state design Basic variables Actions and environmental influences Material and product properties Verification by the partial factor method Design value of material properties Design value of geometrical data Design resistances Verification of static equilibrium (EQU) Design assisted by testing Materials

2 - 2-3 Materials General Structural aluminium Range of materials Material properties for wrought aluminium alloys Material properties for cast aluminium alloys Dimensions, mass and tolerances Design values of material constants Connecting devices General Bolts, nuts and washers Rivets Welding consumables Adhesives Durability Structural analysis Structural modelling for analysis Structural modelling and basic assumptions Joint modelling Ground-structure interaction Global analysis Effects of deformed geometry of the structure Structural stability of frames Imperfections Basis Imperfections for global analysis of frames Imperfection for analysis of bracing systems Member imperfections Methods of analysis General Elastic global analysis Plastic global analysis Ultimate limit states for members Basis General Characteristic value of strength Partial safety factors Classification of cross-sections Local buckling resistance HAZ softening adjacent to welds Resistance of cross-sections General Section properties Tension Compression Bending moment Shear Torsion Bending and shear Bending and axial force Bending, shear and axial force Web bearing Buckling resistance of members Members in compression Members in bending Members in bending and axial compression... 81

3 6.4 Uniform built-up members General Laced compression members Battened compression members Closely spaced built-up members Un-stiffened plates under in-plane loading General Resistance under uniform compression Resistance under in-plane moment Resistance under transverse or longitudinal stress gradient Resistance under shear Resistance under combined action Stiffened plates under in-plane loading General Stiffened plates under uniform compression Stiffened plates under in-plane moment Longitudinal stress gradient on multi-stiffened plates Multi-stiffened plating in shear Buckling load for orthotropic plates Plate girders General Resistance of girders under in-plane bending Resistance of girders with longitudinal web stiffeners Resistance to shear Resistance to transverse loads Interaction Flange induced buckling Web stiffeners Members with corrugated webs Bending moment resistance Shear force resistance Serviceability Limit States General Serviceability limit states for buildings Vertical deflections Horizontal deflections Dynamic effects Calculation of elastic deflection Design of joints Basis of design Introduction Applied forces and moments Resistance of joints Design assumptions Fabrication and execution Intersections for bolted, riveted and welded joints Joints loaded in shear subject to impact, vibration and/or load reversal Classification of joints

4 Connections made with bolts, rivets and pins Positioning of holes for bolts and rivets Deductions for fastener holes Categories of bolted connections Distribution of forces between fasteners Design resistances of bolts Design resistance of rivets Countersunk bolts and rivets Hollow rivets and rivets with mandrel High strength bolts in slip-resistant connections Prying forces Long joints #Single lap joints$ Fasteners through packings Pin connections Welded connections General Heat-affected zone (HAZ) Design of welded connections Hybrid connections Adhesive bonded connections Other joining methods !Annex A [informative] Reliability differentiation A.1 Introduction A.2 Design provisions for reliability differentiation - Design supervision levels A.3 Execution provisions for reliability differentiation Execution classes A.4 Governing factors for choice of execution class A.5 Determination of execution class A.6 Utilization grades Annex B [normative] - Equivalent T-stub in tension B.1 General rules for evaluation of resistance B.2 Individual bolt-row, bolt-groups and groups of bolt-rows Annex C [informative] - Materials selection C.1 General C.2 Wrought products C.2.1 Wrought heat treatable alloys C.2.2 Wrought non-heat treatable alloys C.3 Cast products C.3.1 General C.3.2 Heat treatable casting alloys EN AC-42100, EN AC-42200, EN AC and EN AC C.3.3 Non-heat treatable casting alloys EN AC and EN AC C.3.4 Special design rules for castings C.4 Connecting devices C.4.1 Aluminium bolts C.4.2 Aluminium rivets Annex D [informative] Corrosion and surface protection D.1 Corrosion of aluminium under various exposure conditions D.2 Durability ratings of aluminium alloys D.3 Corrosion protection D.3.1 General D.3.2 Overall corrosion protection of structural aluminium D.3.3 Aluminium in contact with aluminium and other metals D.3.4 Aluminium surfaces in contact with non-metallic materials

5 Annex E [informative] - Analytical models for stress strain relationship E.1 Scope E.2 Analytical models E.2.1 Piecewise linear models E.2.2 Continuous models E.3 Approximate evaluation of u Annex F [informative] - Behaviour of cross-sections beyond the elastic limit F.1 General F.2 Definition of cross-section limit states F.3 Classification of cross-sections according to limit states F.4 Evaluation of ultimate axial load F.5 Evaluation of ultimate bending moment Annex G [informative] - Rotation capacity Annex H [informative] - Plastic hinge method for continuous beams Annex I [informative] - Lateral torsional buckling of beams and torsional or torsional-flexural buckling of compressed members I.1 Elastic critical moment and slenderness I.1.1 Basis I.1.2 General formula for beams with uniform cross-sections symmetrical about the minor or major axis I.1.3 Beams with uniform cross-sections symmetrical about major axis, centrally symmetric and doubly symmetric cross-sections I.1.4 Cantilevers with uniform cross-sections symmetrical about the minor axis I.2 Slenderness for lateral torsional buckling I.3 Elastic critical axial force for torsional and torsional-flexural buckling I.4 Slenderness for torsional and torsional-flexural buckling Annex J [informative] - Properties of cross sections J.1 Torsion constant I t J.2 Position of shear centre S J.3 Warping constant I w J.4 Cross section constants for open thin-walled cross sections J.5 Cross section constants for open cross section with branches J.6 Torsion constant #Deleted text$ of cross section with closed part Annex K [informative] - Shear lag effects in member design K.1 General K.2 Effective width for elastic shear lag K.2.1 Effective width factor for shear lag K.2.2 Stress distribution for shear lag K.2.3 In-plane load effects K.3 Shear lag at ultimate limit states Annex L [informative] - Classification of joints L.1 General L.2 Fully restoring connections L.3 Partially restoring connections L.4 Classification according to rigidity L.5 Classification according to strength L.6 Classification according to ductility L.7 General design requirements for connections L.8 Requirements for framing connections L.8.1 General L.8.2 Nominally pinned connections L.8.3 Built-in connections

6 Annex M [informative] - Adhesive bonded connections M.1 General M.2 Adhesives M.3 Design of adhesive bonded joints M.3.1 General M.3.2 Characteristic strength of adhesives M.3.3 Design shear stress M.4 Tests !Bibliography