This brochure is part of a series of publications with the purpose of presenting Maccaferri s range of solutions. Further technical brochures,

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Marybeth Chapman
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1 Mining s

2 This brochure is part of a series of publications with the purpose of presenting Maccaferri s range of solutions. Further technical brochures, documentation, design guides, software and project Case Studies are also available. For over 130 years, Maccaferri has solved our clients geotechnical and engineering problems; from evaluation and project definition to design and construction, we continually accumulate experience and knowledge in this field. For additional information or other technical publications, please contact any Maccaferri office. 2

Mining s Although there are great differences between the mining and civil engineering industries, the engineering challenges are similar; Maccaferri s solutions are applicable to both sectors.

3 Mining s Although there are great differences between the mining and civil engineering industries, the engineering challenges are similar; Maccaferri s solutions are applicable to both sectors. Mining is one of the oldest human activities; the first traces of activity are over 40,000 years old. The business of modern mining follows strict environmental, operational and remediation guidelines. These ensure that the mined area can recover to at least its original condition, and often better in many cases. Wherever your problem exists within the lifecycle of the mine, Maccaferri products and solutions can help. From access and materials handling infrastructure, rockfall hazard mitigation, product concentration and leachate storage, to dewatering and site remediation, please contact Maccaferri. WITH OVER 130 YEARS OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE Optimum Colliery - South Africa Rubicon Pit - Australia Yauricocha Min - Peru For 130 years, Maccaferri has developed innovative, sustainable engineering products and solutions. Maccaferri engineers offer technical support including analysis, design, product selection and installation supervision. Maccaferri are your project partners every step of the way. Niddrie Quarry, Australia 3

Mining Processes Open-cast Mine Mineral Extraction Zone Be it an underground mine or an open-cast mine, minerals are extracted through the drilling of solid rock.

4 Mining Processes Open-cast Mine Mineral Extraction Zone Be it an underground mine or an open-cast mine, minerals are extracted through the drilling of solid rock. Underground Mine Flotation Treatment Zone This is where minerals (previously deposited in the leachate) receive treatment according to their subsequent use. Treatment Plant Water Treatment Reservoirs Water Treatment Zone Water use is necessary in the various stages of the cycle of a mine and this is where it is treated and recycled. 4

Storage Zone This is where the rock minerals are accumulated. Dismantling Zone Storage Area Crushing Zone This is where the rock minerals are crushed into smaller pieces.

5 Storage Zone This is where the rock minerals are accumulated. Dismantling Zone Storage Area Crushing Zone This is where the rock minerals are crushed into smaller pieces. Leaching Storage Primary Crusher Tailings Dam Leaching Zone Minerals are extracted from the rocks through a chemical process. In order to carry out this process, the minerals need to be placed into properly prepared areas. The results of this process are collected in two areas. In the pool storage are the leached minerals and in the tailings dam are the residues. Leaching Zone 5

Underground Mines Operating underground encompasses the necessary processes and

Maccaferri offers numerous solutions to line tunnels to control loose and falling

Depending on the specific risks, these solutions include steel or polymer meshes,

Maccaferri s high strength Pararib tunnel lining polymer mesh is white in colour,

Wirand steel and polymer fibres are added to pumped shotcrete to reinforce it and

6 Underground Mines Operating underground encompasses the necessary processes and applications of specific techniques to extract valuable minerals. Maccaferri offers numerous solutions to line tunnels to control loose and falling debris that often occurs during mining operations. Depending on the specific risks, these solutions include steel or polymer meshes, or fibre reinforced shotcrete. Maccaferri s high strength Pararib tunnel lining polymer mesh is white in colour, flame retardant and light to handle in confined areas. Wirand steel and polymer fibres are added to pumped shotcrete to reinforce it and provide stabilisation of shafts and adits and can even replace the traditional steel mesh. Rapid to install, these solutions minimise disruption to the extraction operation. TAILORED SOLUTIONS TO MEET CLIENT NEEDS Wirand reinforced shotcrete. Pillones, Peru Pararib debris control. Coal Mining, Yorkshire, UK* Gabion retaining walls. Poderosa Mine, Peru 6 * Picture courtesy of Minova Weldgrip

7 Project Experience PASSAC MINE Junin, Peru Compania Mineria Argentum S.A Shotcrete reinforced with Wirand FS3N steel fibre INDUSTRIA CARBONIFERA RIO DESERTO Lauro Muller, SC, Brazil Steel strap and fixing Industria Carbonifera Rio Deserto 2003 Surface support of pillars using double twist steel mesh 0,6m 7

Opencast Mines An opencast or open-pit mine is used to extract valuable deposits close to the earth

Here the fragmentation, loading, materials handling and production control require heavy equipment.

can be steep. Material can detach from these slopes affecting mine safety and operations.

rockfall catch fences rated to 5000kJ impact resistance.

8 Opencast Mines An opencast or open-pit mine is used to extract valuable deposits close to the earth s surface. Here the fragmentation, loading, materials handling and production control require heavy equipment. To maximise extraction volume and minimise the space for infrastructure, slopes within these mines can be steep. Material can detach from these slopes affecting mine safety and operations. Maccaferri s solutions address these problems with a range of high performance steel meshes and rockfall catch fences rated to 5000kJ impact resistance. Rockfall protection embankments for greater impact protection are also available. Surface erosion protection, Peru IMPROVED SAFETY AND VIABILITY Rockfall protection mesh Porcupine Joint Venture, Canada Rockfall catch fence Boral Quarry, Australia 8

9 Project Experience PIERINA MINE Ancash, Peru Barrick Gold Corporation 2005 Rockfall protection and surface stabilisation using MacMat R and high resistance mesh 1,0m 3,0m 1,0m 1,0m 1,0m Anchoring the slope Vegetation DEBSWANA-JWANENG MINE Botswana Debswana 2010 Rock slope surface strengthening using Steelgrid MO 9

Treatment Process The treatment process consists of the operations after mineral extraction and until a concentrated mineral is produced.

At each stage, Maccaferri offers solutions such as reinforced soil and retaining structures for crusher and hopper walls.

even the heaviest vehicles can be accommodated.

10 Treatment Process The treatment process consists of the operations after mineral extraction and until a concentrated mineral is produced. Numerous phases can include, fragmentation, graining, milling, classification and concentration. At each stage, Maccaferri offers solutions such as reinforced soil and retaining structures for crusher and hopper walls. Wherever possible, the reuse of site-won structural backfill is used with Maccaferri s geogrids for reinforced soil, reducing costs and material waste. Maccaferri s concrete panel wall system, MacRes offers vertical structures with a tough fascia and with geogrid strengths up to 1350kN/m, even the heaviest vehicles can be accommodated. For the concentration stage, waterproofing systems and lagoon structures are required to contain the concentrate, thereby avoiding infiltration into the natural ground and potential contamination of aquifers. RAPID CONSTRUCTION PROCESS Terramesh reinforced soil wall Iduapriem Mine, Ghana MacRes and Terramesh tip wall Optimum Colliery, South Africa Terramesh reinforced soil wall Mina Gold Field, Peru 10

0m MARIKANA MINE North West Province, South Africa Aquarius Platinum 2002 Column 21,5 m

11 Project Experience ALTO CHICAMA MINE La Libertad, Peru Minera Barrick Misquichilca 2004 Reinforced soil structure using Terramesh 0,5m 1,5 1,0 2,0m 2,0m 22,5m 2,0m 2,0m 8.0m MARIKANA MINE North West Province, South Africa Aquarius Platinum 2002 Column 21,5 m high vertical reinforced soil structure using Terramesh and Paragrid 21.5 m 15 m 10 m 5 m 11

Storage Process The safe storage of tailings, waste, leachates and toxic

Maccaferri s range of solutions includes geosynthetic membranes,

These are used in heap leach pad liners, evaporation ponds and lagoon

Containment dykes often feature geogrid reinforced soil or gabion

reinforced platforms. Paralink basal reinforcement of storage area.

geotextile tubes are used for dewatering mine tailings, sludge ponds or

12 Storage Process The safe storage of tailings, waste, leachates and toxic materials is a significant operation within mines. Maccaferri s range of solutions includes geosynthetic membranes, geogrids and drainage geocomposites. These are used in heap leach pad liners, evaporation ponds and lagoon linings. Containment dykes often feature geogrid reinforced soil or gabion retaining structures and major dump zones can be supported on basal reinforced platforms. Paralink basal reinforcement of storage area. Goldex Mine, Canada Goldex Mine, Peru Dewatering Process MacTube geotextile tubes are used for dewatering mine tailings, sludge ponds or slurries. They are specifically designed to retain solid particles within the tube, whilst the filtrate fluids are released through the fabric. The drained solid residue can be left to dry before disposal in a controlled manner. 12

13 Project Experience COBRIZA MINE Huancavelica / Churcampa, Peru Doe Run Peru 2006 Drainage, separation and impermeable linings to lagoons using MacDrain, MacTex and MacLine respectively MacLine HDPE Geomembrane MacDrain 2L Drainage Geocomposite MacTex MT 400 non woven geotextile 13

Access works & Mine infrastructure Effective

Reno mattress erosion protection Terramesh

14 Access works & Mine infrastructure Effective access ramps, haul roads, surface water control structures and drainage systems are important to the uninterrupted performance of a mine. Reno mattress erosion protection Terramesh tailings dam MacRes vertical faced concrete panel wall 14

15 Whether a weak haul road requires sub-grade stabilisation with geogrids, an outfall structure requires erosion protection, or a run-off ditch needs lining, Maccaferri can help based on our 130 years of experience in civil, geotechnical and hydraulic engineering. TECHNICAL SUPPORT FROM DESIGN TO CONSTRUCTION 15

16 Project Experience ANCASH MINE Ancash, Peru Antamina Mining 2009 Rockfall protection embankment for conveyor station using Terramesh and MacGrid CUAJONE, PERU Moquegua, Peru Southern Peru 2006 Containment dyke retaining structure using gabions 16

17 RUBICON PIT Australia Barrick (Australia Pacific) Ltd 2010 Rock slope surface stabilisation and rockfall hazard mitigation using PVC coated double twist rockfall mesh MOGALAKWENA MINE Limpopo, South Africa Anglo-Platinum 2009 Rockfall mitigation drapery using double-twist rockfall mesh 17

Mine Closure Finally, the closure of the mine and the reinstatement of the

Maccaferri offers impermeable capping and drainage systems to prevent surface

The rapid reestablishment of vegetation and soil erosion protection systems

Maccaferri s wide range of manmade and biodegradable soil stabilisation and

18 Mine Closure Finally, the closure of the mine and the reinstatement of the ecosystem is one of the most important activities in the life of the mine. Maccaferri offers impermeable capping and drainage systems to prevent surface water entering the deposits. The rapid reestablishment of vegetation and soil erosion protection systems complete the closure operations. Maccaferri s wide range of manmade and biodegradable soil stabilisation and erosion protection solutions facilitate this. Tailings Dam Chute, Australia Antamina Mine, Peru REHABILITATION, REINSTATEMENT AND EROSION CONTROL Batu Hijau Mine, Indonesia 18

Project Experience ANTAMINA MINE Ancash, Peru

revegetation using MacMat and MacMat R After Before

Development and Technical departments, have advised

process, from design to construction supervision, in

Maccaferri engineers are available to provide

in the search for solutions that employ new

19 Project Experience ANTAMINA MINE Ancash, Peru Compania Minadora Antamina 2006 Slope protection and revegetation using MacMat and MacMat R After Before About Maccaferri Maccaferri s Research and Development and Technical departments, have advised their customers at each stage of the construction process, from design to construction supervision, in many of the works shown in this brochure. Maccaferri engineers are available to provide technical advice on existing solutions or to assist in the search for solutions that employ new technologies. World Design Centre Brochures & Manuals Technical Lectures Technical site support 19

cost effective and environmentally sound solutions. We aim to build mutually beneficial relationships with clients through the quality of our service and solutions.

20 Officine Maccaferri Group Profile Founded in 1879, Officine Maccaferri soon became a technical reference in the design and development of solutions for erosion control and retaining structures. Since then, through technological innovation, geographical expansion and focussed diversification, Maccaferri now offers solutions at a global level for a wide range of civil and environmental engineering applications. Consultancy and Partnership Maccaferri s motto is Engineering a Better ; We do not merely supply products, but work in partnership with our clients, offering technical expertise to deliver versatile, cost effective and environmentally sound solutions. We aim to build mutually beneficial relationships with clients through the quality of our service and solutions. Organisational Structure Officine Maccaferri is at the heart of the Maccaferri Industrial Group. Its continued growth is based upon long-held values of innovation, integrity, excellent service and respect for the environment. Maccaferri s vision is to become a leading international provider of advanced solutions to the civil engineering and construction market. Implementing a strategy of vertical integration, Maccaferri researches, manufactures, designs, supplies and constructs solutions within its target markets. The capability of the business continues to expand due to a strategic plan to open new markets and grow existing ones; Maccaferri now offers advanced engineered solutions from beach nourishment to reinforced soil structures and from rockfall mitigation to tunnelling systems. With over 2000 employees, 26 manufacturing facilities and local operations in 100 countries around the world, Maccaferri can truly claim to have a global presence with local focus. Maccaferri: Engineering a Better ANY REPRODUCTION, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, FILM AND MICROFILM, IS FORBIDDEN. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED WORLDWIDE. Bureau Veritas Certified Quality System Company with ACCREDIA s and UKAS s accreditation Officine Maccaferri S.p.A. Via J. F. Kennedy, Zola Predosa (Bologna) - Italy Phone Fax comes@maccaferri.com Officine Maccaferri S.p.A. - Bologna - Italy - Print: Litografia Zucchini - Project: graficamonti.com - Photo: Officine Maccaferri Archive

Officine Maccaferri Group Profile. Consultancy and Partnership. Organisational Structure. Maccaferri: Engineering a Better Solution

Officine Maccaferri Group Profile Founded in 1879, Officine Maccaferri soon became a technical reference in the design and development of solutions for erosion control and retaining structures. Since then,