Code Compliant Fire- Resistance Design for Wood Construction

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1 Code Compliant Fire- Resistance Design for Wood Construction (BCD220-V2) Michelle Kam-Biron, PE, SE, SECB Senior Director, Education American Wood Council The Wood Products Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES), Provider #G516. Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Enter Presentation Title Here 2 1

2 COURSE DESCRIPTION Determining the proper code application for fire resistant wood frame assemblies and exposed wood structural members can be challenging and is often further complicated with increases in a project s size and scale. In a building environment where the ability to maximize height and area is key to cost effectiveness, designers must understand the gamut of fire protection considerations applicable to wood structures. This presentation will include code requirements, compliance options and nuances related to assembly selection for required fire resistance-rated floor/ceilings and roof/ceilings, interior and exterior walls, fire barriers, fire partitions, and fire walls. Topics will also include distinctions between fire-resistive elements for separation vs. type of construction. Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion, participants will be better able to: Apply approved methods and alternatives for establishing the fire resistance of wood building elements. 1 3 Understand the paths to achieving code-compliant, fire resistance-rated wood frame assemblies and exposed wood members as outlined by the 2015 IBC. 2 4 Discuss the differences in the various requirements for interior and exterior walls, fire walls, fire barriers, and fire partitions, considering performance expectations, code requirements, and appropriate application. Recognize important nuances in the various methods for demonstrating fire resistance including: tested assemblies, prescriptive designs, calculations, and engineering analysis. Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 44 2

3 ABOUT AWC Codes and Standards Green Building Manufacturing Environmental Regulation Advocacy and Public Policy Enter Presentation Title Here 5 CODE ASSISTANCE AWC FIELD STAFF Dennis Richardson West drichardson@awc.org Jim Smith Midwest jsmith@awc.org; Matt Hunter Northeast mhunter@awc.org; Dave Tyree South Central dtyree@awc.org Paul Coats Southeast pcoats@awc.org Sam Francis National Director sfrancis@awc.org; Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 6 3

4 Education Resources In-Person Seminars Monthly Webinars ecourses CEUs Available Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 7 Education Resources Education Tab Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 8 4

5 Outline principles of fire resistance design 1. Establish the minimum construction type 2. Know the reason for the fire resistance 3. Know the options for establishing fire resistance Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 9 INTRODUCTION The IBC: Controls building size Regulates types of materials Stipulates fire resistance Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 10 5

6 INTRODUCTION Building size is determined by: Tabular values Factors allowing increases Frontage Sprinkler systems Special Provisions (IBC 510) Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 11 INTRODUCTION Building size is determined by: Tabular values Factors allowing increases Frontage Sprinkler systems Special Provisions (IBC 510) Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 12 6

7 INTRODUCTION Tabular values are based on: Use of building (occupancy) Type of construction Existence of NFPA 13 sprinkler system p. 8 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 13 INTRODUCTION Tabular values are based on: Use of building (occupancy) Type of construction Existence of sprinkler system p. 8 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 14 7

8 INTRODUCTION Occupancy will determine: Number of occupants Capability of occupants Fuel load Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 15 INTRODUCTION Concept Fire and Smoke Protection include: Structural fireresistance Limitation of Fire Spread Protection of Exitways Radiant Heat Exposure Restriction of Smoke Movement Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 16 8

9 First principle of fire resistance: Establish the minimum required construction type. Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 17 FIRST MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION TYPE p. 8 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 18 9

10 FIRST MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION TYPE p. 8 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 19 FIRST MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION TYPE Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 20 10

11 FIRST MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION TYPE Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 21 FIRST MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION TYPE p. 37 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 22 11

12 FIRST MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION TYPE p. 37 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 23 FIRST MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION TYPE The minimum construction type: Can be independent of materials chosen Allows greatest flexibility for materials use Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 24 12

13 FIRST MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION TYPE The minimum construction type: Should take into account the final size of building with all future expansions in mind Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 25 Second principle of fire resistance: Know the reason for the fire resistance. Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 26 13

14 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Building elements (walls, floors, roofs) rated per construction type (704): Have general protection requirements in 704 Do not require opening/penetration protection Have ratings based on Table 601 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 27 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 28 14

15 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Exterior walls (705): Have unique structural, continuity, and opening/penetration protection requirements Have material requirements based on construction type Have ratings based on proximity to lot lines Required to be rated for exposure to both sides of the wall only when FSD <10 ft. (otherwise interior side of wall is the exposed side for testing) Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 29 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE FRR FRR Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 30 15

16 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 31 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE lot line Bldg. 2 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 32 16

17 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Fire walls (706): Define separate buildings Have unique structural, continuity, and opening/penetration protection requirements Have materials requirements based on type of construction (Type V may be wood) Have ratings based on occupancy Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 33 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Fire barriers (707): Create fire resistant separations Have unique continuity and opening/penetration protection requirements May have any materials permitted by the construction type Have ratings based on function shaft enclosures, exit enclosures, occupancy separations, hazardous material control areas, fire areas, atrium protection, and others Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 34 17

18 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 35 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Fire partitions (708): Create fire resistant separations Have unique continuity and opening/penetration protection requirements May have any materials permitted by the construction type Have ratings based on function and sprinkler protection Dwelling unit separation, tenant space separation, corridor walls, elevator lobby separation Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 36 18

19 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Horizontal assemblies (711): Have unique continuity and opening/penetration protection requirements Have requirements for supporting construction Have ratings based on function Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 37 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Penetrations protection (714) Openings protection (716) Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 38 19

20 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 39 SECOND REASON FOR FIRE RESISTANCE Enter Presentation Title Here 40 20

21 SECOND REASON FOR FIRE RESISTANCE IBC and No additional fireproofing required for the column in the assembly Enter Presentation Title Here 41 Third principle of fire resistance: Know your options for establishing fire resistance. Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 42 21

22 Methods for establishing fire resistance (703): 1. Tested fire assembly (ASTM E119 or UL 263) 2. Fire-resistance designs documented in approved sources 3. Prescriptive assemblies using fire-resistance rated designs in Section Calculation of fire-resistance per Section Engineering analysis based on a comparison of building element, component or assembly designs that have been tested 6. Alternative protection methods per Section Fire-resistance designs certified by an approved agency Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 43 Tested assembly: ASTM E119/UL 263 test May be listed in fire resistance directories Approval may be based on listing or the test report Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 44 22

23 Documentation in approved source: AWC DCA 3 is one example Fire-Resistive Wood Wall and Floor/Ceiling Assemblies ASTM E119 or UL 263 NFPA 251 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 45 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 46 23

24 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Enter Presentation Title Here 47 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Enter Presentation Title Here 48 24

25 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Enter Presentation Title Here 49 SECOND REASON FOR THE FIRE RESISTANCE Enter Presentation Title Here 50 25

26 Prescriptive assemblies from the code (721): Based on ASTM E119 or UL 263 testing Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 51 Calculated fire resistance (722.6): Component Additive Method (CAM) Calculated fire resistance of exposed wood members per Chapter 16 of the NDS Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 52 26

27 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 53 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 54 27

28 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 55 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 56 28

29 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 57 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 58 29

30 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 59 ASTM E119 test: 5-ply CLT (6-7/8 ) Single layer 5/8 Type X wallboard each side Achieved 3 hrs. 6 min. Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 60 30

31 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 61 Methods for establishing fire resistance (703): 1. Tested fire assembly (ASTM E119 or UL 263) 2. Fire-resistance designs documented in approved sources 3. Prescriptive assemblies using fire-resistance rated designs in Section Calculation of fire-resistance per Section Engineering analysis based on a comparison of building element, component or assembly designs that have been tested 6. Alternative protection methods per Section Fire-resistance designs certified by an approved agency Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 62 31

32 Harmathy s Ten Rules of Fire Endurance Ratings 1. The thermal fire endurance of a construction consisting of a number of parallel layers is greater than the sum of the "thermal" fire endurance s characteristic of the individual layers when exposed separately to fire. 2. The fire endurance of a construction does not decrease with the addition of further layers. 3. The fire endurance of constructions containing continuous air gaps or cavities is greater than the fire endurance of similar constructions of the same weight, but containing no air gaps or cavities. 4. The farther an air gap or cavity is located from the exposed surface, the more beneficial is its effect on the fire endurance. 5. Increasing the thickness of a completely enclosed air layer cannot increase the fire endurance of a construction. Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here Layers of materials of low thermal conductivity are better utilized on that side of the construction on which fire is more likely to happen. 7. The fire endurance of asymmetrical constructions depends on the direction of heat flow. 8. The presence of moisture, if it does not result in explosive spalling, increases the fire endurance. 9. Load-supporting elements, such as beams, girders and joists, yield higher fire endurance s when subjected to fire endurance tests as parts of floor, roof, or ceiling assemblies than they would when tested separately. 10. The load-supporting elements (beams, girders, joists, etc.) of a floor, roof, or ceiling assembly can be replaced by such other loadsupporting elements which, when tested separately, yielded fire endurance s not less than that of the assembly. Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 64 32

33 Methods for establishing fire resistance (703): 1. Tested fire assembly (ASTM E119 or UL 263) 2. Fire-resistance designs documented in approved sources 3. Prescriptive assemblies using fire-resistance rated designs in Section Calculation of fire-resistance per Section Engineering analysis based on a comparison of building element, component or assembly designs that have been tested 6. Alternative protection methods per Section Fire-resistance designs certified by an approved agency Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 65 Methods for establishing fire resistance (703): 1. Tested fire assembly (ASTM E119 or UL 263) 2. Fire-resistance designs documented in approved sources 3. Prescriptive assemblies using fire-resistance rated designs in Section Calculation of fire-resistance per Section Engineering analysis based on a comparison of building element, component or assembly designs that have been tested 6. Alternative protection methods per Section Fire-resistance designs certified by an approved agency Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 66 33

34 Protections of connections in the NDS: Section 16.3 Protection can be provided by wood or fire-rated gypsum board Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 67 Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 68 34

35 PRECAUTIONS DURING CONSTRUCTION Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 69 PRECAUTIONS DURING CONSTRUCTION IBC/IFC Chapters 33: Fire-fighting vehicle access and water supply (3310 and 3312) Requirements for a fire watch, a fire protection superintendent, and prevention program (3304 and 3308) Extensive hot work and roofing requirements (3304, Chapter 35, and 3317) Fire extinguishers (3309) Standpipes (3311) Temporary heating equipment (3303) Emergency phones (3309) Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 70 35

36 PRECAUTIONS DURING CONSTRUCTION Enter Fire-Resistant Presentation Design for Wood Title Construction Here 71 Outcomes of ICC Tall Wood Ad Hoc Committee: Proposals and Discussion DES605 Sam Francis, C.B.O. Senior Director, National Programs American Wood Council Paul Coats, P.E., C.B.O. Southeast Regional Manager American Wood Council 36

37 IBC PRINCIPLES FOR HEAVY TIMBER AND MASS TIMBER Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Outcomes of ICC Tall Wood Ad Hoc Committee DES IBC PRINCIPLES FOR HEAVY TIMBER AND MASS TIMBER mass timber conventional frame Outcomes of ICC Tall Wood Ad Hoc Committee DES

38 Outcomes of ICC Tall Wood Ad Hoc Committee DES ATF FIRE TEST SCENARIOS Test Description Date Duration Test 1 All mass timber surfaces protected with 2 layers of 5/8 Type X GWB 5/23/17 3 hours Test 2 30% of CLT ceiling area in living room and bedroom exposed 5/31/17 4 hours Test 3 Two opposing CLT walls exposed one in bedroom and one in living room (there is a partition wall) 6/20/17 4 hours Test 4 All mass timber surfaces fully exposed in bedroom and living room. Sprinklered normal activation 6/27/17 6 minutes Test 5 All mass timber surfaces fully exposed in bedroom and living room (except bathroom). Sprinklered 20 min delayed activation 6/29/17 30 minutes Outcomes of ICC Tall Wood Ad Hoc Committee DES

39 14 TALL MASS TIMBER CODE CHANGES IBC Section Type IV construction (G108-18) IBC Section Tested noncombustible protection contribution (FS5-18) IBC Section Calculated noncombustible protection contribution (FS81-18) IBC Section Sealing of adjacent mass timber elements (FS6-18) IBC Section Fireblocking materials (FS73-18) IBC Section High rise sprinkler water supply (G28-18) IFC Section Owner s responsibility (F88-18) IFC Section Fire safety during construction (F266-18) IBC Table (G75-18) IBC Table (G80-18) IBC Table (G84-18) IBC Section Special construction (G146-18) IBC Appendix D Fire Districts (G152-18) IBC Sections and Fire barriers at separated occupancies and incidental uses (G89-18) Outcomes of ICC Tall Wood Ad Hoc Committee DES I-CODE DEVELOPMENT 8-Step I-Code Development Cycle January 8 (ext. Jan. 11) - Code Changes Submitted 2. February 28 - Code Changes Posted 3. April Committee Action Hearing (Public Hearing) 4. May 15 - Committee Action Hearing Results Posted 5. June 1-July 16 - Public Comments Sought on Committee Action Hearing Results 6. August 31 - Public Comments Posted 7. Oct Public Comment Hearing 8. Fall New Edition is Published /ICC_CodeDevelopmentProcess.pdf odes/code-development/current-code-develop ment-cycle/ Outcomes of ICC Tall Wood Ad Hoc Committee DES

40 I-CODE DEVELOPMENT Outcomes of ICC Tall Wood Ad Hoc Committee DES OREGON APPROVED ICC MASS TIMBER CODE CHANGE cd/codes- stand/documents/sam tallwoodbldgs.pdf Outcomes of ICC Tall Wood Ad Hoc Committee DES

41 AWC ECOURSE AWC recorded webinar -design-considerations/des605-outcomes -of-icc-tall-wood-adhoc-committee-propo sals-and-discussion Outcomes of ICC Tall Wood Ad Hoc Committee DES This concludes the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of American Wood Council (AWC) is prohibited. American Wood Council