CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION FOR HOT MIX ASPHALT - END RESULT

Transcription

1 ONTARIO PROVINCIAL STANDARD SPECIFICATION METRIC OPSS 313 NOVEMBER 2002 CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION FOR HOT MIX ASPHALT - END RESULT SCOPE REFERENCES DEFINITIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBMISSION AND DESIGN REQUIREMENTS - Not Used MATERIALS EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE MEASUREMENT FOR PAYMENT BASIS OF PAYMENT Appendices: 313-A Commentary 313-B Use of Contractor s Quality Control Results for Acceptance of Hot Mix Asphalt SCOPE This end result specification covers the requirements for the placement, compaction, and acceptance of hot mix asphalt Significance and Use of Appendices Appendices are not a mandatory part of this specification unless invoked by the Owner. Appendix 313-A: is a commentary appendix to provide designers with information on the use of the specification in a Contract. Page 1 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

2 Appendix 313-B: is an additional information option that is invoked only when referenced in the Contract Documents by the Owner. This appendix is used when the Owner designates the use of the Contractor s Quality Control test results for acceptance of the hot mix asphalt on the Contract REFERENCES This specification refers to the following standards, specifications, or publications: Ontario Provincial Standard Specifications, General: OPSS 102 OPSS 180 Weighing of Materials Management and Disposal of Excess Material Ontario Provincial Standard Specifications, Material: OPSS 1101 OPSS 1103 OPSS 1150 Performance Graded Asphalt Cement Emulsified Asphalt Hot Mix Asphalt Ministry of Transportation Publications: MTO Laboratory Testing Manual: LS-100 LS-101 LS-262 LS-263 LS-264 LS-282 LS-291 LS-292 LS-306 Rounding-Off of Test Data and Other Numbers Calculation of Per Cent Within Limits Bulk Relative Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixes Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus Theoretical Maximum Relative Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures Quantitative Extraction of Asphalt Cement and Analysis of Extracted Aggregate from Bituminous Paving Mixtures Quantitative Extraction of Asphalt Cement and Mechanical Analysis of Extracted Aggregate from Bituminous Paving Mixtures - Ontario Procedure Quantitative Determination of Asphalt Cement Content by Ignition and Analysis of Remaining Aggregate From Bituminous Paving Mixtures Bulk Relative Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Paraffin - Coated Specimens Designated Sources for Materials Manual ASTM International: PS Standard Provisional Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Automatic Vacuum Sealing Method E Standard Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations Using a T Test at a 10% Significance Level American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO): T M Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Saturated Surface - Dry Specimens Standard Specification for Performance Graded Asphalt Binder Page 2 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this specification, the following definitions apply: AMRL: means the AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory. Attribute: means one of the following: Designated Large Sieve (DLS), 4.75 mm sieve, 600 µm sieve, 75 µm sieve, asphalt cement content, air voids, or compaction. Binder Course: means a hot mix asphalt (HMA) course between a surface course and either a granular base course or stabilized base course, an existing pavement, or another HMA binder course. Business Day: means any Day except Saturdays, Sundays, or statutory holidays. CCIL: means the Canadian Council of Independent Laboratories. Designated Large Sieve: means the sieve size specifically designated for each mix type for gradation testing. Field Adjustment to the JMF: means adjustments to the target gradation or asphalt cement content or both of a mix without a redesign of the HMA, resulting in a revised job-mix formula (JMF). Fat Spot: means an area of pavement substantially blacker than the surrounding pavement. Hot Mix Asphalt: means hot mixed, hot laid asphaltic concrete. The terms are used interchangeably. HMA may include recycled or specialty mixes. Hot Mix Asphalt Miscellaneous: means HMA that is placed in areas other than the roadway, as specified in the Contract Documents. Hot Mix Asphalt Padding: means a HMA layer used for correcting crossfall and profile deficiencies in the existing pavement before placing the levelling, binder, or surface course. Hot Mix Asphalt Patching: means a HMA surface course placed over localized areas of distressed pavement, generally for the purpose of improving strength, rideability, or safety. Job-Mix Formula: means the percentage passing on each designated sieve of the total mass of aggregate and the amount of asphalt cement as a percentage by mass of the mixture that are based on specified mix design procedures, and when mixed will result in a paving mixture that is according to this specification. Joint: means a vertical contact between a HMA pavement course and any HMA pavement or any rigid object that exists at the time the HMA is laid. Levelling Course: means an HMA course of variable thickness used to eliminate transverse and longitudinal irregularities on an existing surface prior to placing an HMA binder or surface course. Lot: means a specific quantity of material or a specific amount of construction normally from a single source and produced by the same process. Mean: means the arithmetic average of the test results within a lot. Mix Properties: means the percent passing the DLS, 4.75 mm sieve, 600 µm sieve, and 75 µm sieve, the asphalt cement content, and the air voids. Page 3 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

4 Outlier: means a test result that for a specific significance level is determined by statistical analysis not to be part of the test result population. Paving in Echelon: means two or more pavers are used to pave multiple adjacent lanes simultaneously, within 60 m of each other. Payment Adjustment Sieve: means the DLS, 4.75 mm, 600 µm, and 75 µm aggregate gradation sieves. Performance Graded Asphalt Cement (PGAC): means an asphalt binder that is an asphalt-based cement produced from petroleum residue, either with or without the addition of non-particulate modifiers, according to AASHTO M 320. Quality Assurance (QA): means a system or series of activities carried out by the Owner to ensure that materials received from the Contractor meet the requirements specified in the Contract Documents. Quality Control (QC): means a system or series of activities carried out by the Contractor to ensure that materials supplied to the Owner meet the requirements specified in the Contract Documents. Random Sample: means a sample from a location chosen by the Contract Administrator based on random numbers such that any portion of a lot or sublot has an equal probability of being selected. Range: means the numerical difference between the maximum and minimum test results within a lot. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP): means the processed HMA material that is recovered by partial or full depth removal. Recycled Hot Mix Asphalt (RHM): means an HMA that contains RAP. Referee Testing: means testing by an independent laboratory selected by the Owner and acceptable to the Contractor, the results of which are used for resolving differences between QC and QA testing. Screed: means the unit of the paver that strikes off and imparts initial compaction to the HMA. Segregation: means a condition of the pavement characterized by areas with comparatively coarser or finer texture than that of the surrounding pavement. Southern Ontario: means that area of Ontario south of a line joining Waubaushene, Severn Bridge, Bancroft, and Ottawa. Sublot: means approximately equal divisions or portions of a lot. Surface Course: means the HMA wearing course of any flexible or composite pavement. Vertical Surface: means all edges of concrete curbs, catch basins, appurtenances, longitudinal joints, and transverse joints for application of tack coat MATERIALS Hot Mix Asphalt The materials used in the production of HMA shall be according to OPSS Page 4 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

5 Tack Coat Material Tack coat shall consist of SS-1 emulsified asphalt diluted with an equal volume of water. The undiluted material shall conform to OPSS The use of an alternate product may be permitted at the Contractor s request provided that such a request is submitted in writing to the Contract Administrator a minimum of 14 Days prior to the intended use of the alternate product. The Contractor s proposal shall include, but not be limited to, the following: a) The reasons for the use of the alternate material. b) Material Safety Data Sheets and any other information for the safe handling, transportation, and storage of the product. c) Testing protocols to be used in confirming the properties of the material. d) Typical test results. e) Required application rates. f) Cost implications for the use of the alternate product. The Contract Administrator shall review this proposal and shall respond in writing within 7 Days of receiving it, either accepting the use of the alternate product or not accepting its use with reasons. The alternate product shall not be used until permission has been granted in writing by the Contract Administrator EQUIPMENT Paving Equipment Pavers shall be capable of laying a mat that is true to the crossfall, profile, cross-section, and alignment specified in the Contract Documents and that is free of surface defects. Pavers shall be capable of simultaneously placing the shoulder pavement and roadway pavement where the shoulder pavement is at the same or different crossfall from the roadway pavement. In all cases, pavers shall be equipped with automatic longitudinal and transverse grade and slope controls capable of being operated from either side of the paver. The longitudinal grade control shall be readily adjustable for mat thickness in small increments, without the necessity of stopping the paver. Plows or other edge ramping devices that are attached to or towed by the screed portion of the paver shall not be permitted. A 3 m straight edge shall be provided on each paver. This straight edge shall be made of metal with a level recessed in its upper surface parallel to the lower edge Rollers Classification of Rollers Rollers shall be classified into categories as follows: Class S Self-propelled steel-drum, tandem, or three-wheel rollers according to Table 1. Class R Self-propelled pneumatic-tired rollers according to Table 2. Page 5 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

6 Class V Self-propelled vibratory rollers specifically designed for HMA compaction having either dual vibratory rolls or a combination of vibratory roll and pneumatic tires with a contact area equal to or greater than 70% of the roll width according to Table Requirements for Rollers General All rollers shall be capable of reversing without backlash. The mass of the rollers, except for Class V rollers, used on bridge decks shall be provided to the Contract Administrator. The Contract Administrator may require the weighing of the rollers in his presence, used on bridge decks. The rolls or drums shall be kept moist with water or non-petroleum based release agents to prevent adhesion of HMA to them. Excess water or release agents shall not be permitted Steel-Drum Rollers The drums of tandem steel-drum rollers shall not be less than 1.20 m in width Pneumatic-Tired Rollers Pneumatic-tired rollers shall be constructed such that the wheels on either the front or back oscillate either independently or in pairs. The wheels shall be mounted with smooth rubber tires. Tire inflation pressure shall be a minimum of 350 kpa when the tires are cold. All tires shall have equal pressure. Skirts or windbreaks shall be provided at all times to protect all tires from the cooling effects of atmospheric conditions. Each roller shall be equipped with a suitable tire pressure gauge for checking tire inflation pressure Vibratory Rollers Vibratory rollers shall be according to the following requirements: a) Frequency of vibrations of the vibratory rollers shall be 2,200 vibrations per minute or greater. b) Rollers shall be equipped with provision for automatic shutoff of vibrations, before coming to a stop CONSTRUCTION Quality Control QC procedures shall be conducted to ensure HMA meets the requirements of the Contract Documents. The Contractor shall be responsible for the interpretation of the QC test results and the determination of any action to be taken to ensure that all materials and work are according to the requirements of the Contract Documents. A laboratory that has current CCIL Type B Certification or AMRL equivalent certification or other equivalent certified laboratory acceptable to the Contract Administrator shall be used. Testing of the samples shall be conducted under the direct and constant supervision of technicians certified to perform the QC tests according to CCIL or equivalent certification. Page 6 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

7 Preparation of Foundation and Existing Pavement Granular Grade Prior to placing any course of HMA on a granular grade, a Class S1 roller or an equivalent vibratory roller with a drum width of at least 1.2 m shall be used to finish roll the grade ahead of the paver to ensure a compacted, smooth, and float-free surface and free from contamination of foreign materials. Paving shall not be carried out if the roadbed is frozen. The granular grade shall be free of standing water at the time of HMA placement Existing Pavement Prior to placing any HMA, all HMA and concrete surfaces shall be clean of all loose, broken, and foreign materials. Milled surfaces shall be swept with a power broom. The surface of a pavement upon which HMA is to be placed shall be dry at the time of HMA placement. An HMA course shall not be placed upon a previously laid course until a minimum 4 hours have elapsed, following final compaction of the previous course, and the temperature of the previous course is 50 C or less Tack Coat Tack coat shall be applied to all surfaces specified in the Contract Documents prior to placing HMA Transportation of Hot Mix Asphalt The HMA shall be transported from the asphalt plant to the work in leak proof truck boxes that have been previously cleaned of all foreign materials. If required, truck boxes shall be lightly coated with a uniform application of a non-petroleum based release agent. Truck boxes must be drained after each application and before loading. No release agents shall be used that will adversely affect the quality or performance of the HMA. Release agents shall be used according to the proprietary requirements Sampling General The Contractor shall obtain all samples required according to the specification. The Contract Administrator shall advise the Contractor of each sample location or the tonnage from which the sample is to be taken. A set of three samples shall be taken from each sublot in the presence of the Contract Administrator. The Contract Administrator may apply security seals to the samples designated for QA and Referee testing. The samples shall not be split prior to delivery. The Contractor shall deliver QA and Referee samples to a laboratory specified in the Contract Documents. Samples shall be placed into a suitable container that will protect the sample characteristics and integrity during transportation and until testing. Samples shall be appropriately labelled with the Contract number, highway number, Region, lot number, sublot number, mix type, lift number, station, offset from the centreline of the highway, and date and time of sampling. In addition, the lot and sublot numbers shall be clearly marked with a permanent marker on all compaction cores. The Contract Administrator may request samples to be taken in addition to the Contract requirements. Such work shall be handled as Extra Work. HMA and compaction requirements for filling the sample holes shall be the same as the adjacent undisturbed pavement. Sample holes shall be cleaned, dried, and filled and then compacted using a mechanical self powered gas, electric, or air powered compactor immediately after sampling. Page 7 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

8 Records shall be maintained that contain the date, time of delivery, and the printed name and signature of the authorized receiving individual. At the time of delivery of each sample to a laboratory, the Contractor shall sign the testing laboratory s records to confirm the date and time of delivery Asphalt Cement Samples of the asphalt cement shall be taken according to OPSS Hot Mix Asphalt Each sample shall be a minimum mass of 10 kg. Samples shall be obtained from plate samples taken from the same truckload and at the same transverse offset, except for HL 2, which shall be obtained from the screed auger chamber. When the mass of a plate sample is less than the desired quantity, the sample shall be discarded and a new one taken immediately. The transverse location of the new sample shall be the same as that of the discarded one Compaction Upon completion of each sublot, the Contract Administrator will inform the Contractor in writing of the location for core sampling upon completion of each sublot. The Contractor shall obtain all pavement core samples from each sublot not later than the next working day after the completion of the sublot. Each core shall have a minimum nominal diameter of 150 mm and a maximum nominal diameter of 200 mm and shall consist of the full layer being sampled and at least one underlying layer, if one is present. Three samples shall be taken from the same lane and same transverse offset at a spacing of 0.5 to 1.0 metres. Cores shall not be taken within 250 mm of a longitudinal or transverse joint or the edge of pavement. Care shall be taken to ensure that cores are not damaged during the coring operations or in transit. If a core is damaged, a replacement core shall be extracted immediately at a location adjacent to the original core. When the lift thickness of the pavement core is less than 35 mm, the core shall be submitted to the Contract Administrator and a replacement core shall be extracted at a location within the same sublot selected by the Contract Administrator. If the thickness of the replacement core is also less than 35 mm, the Contractor shall submit the core to the Contract Administrator and review the situation with the Contract Administrator, prior to any further coring of the sublot Placing Hot Mix Asphalt General Prior to roller compaction, obvious defects in the HMA material placed shall be corrected. Irregularities in the alignment and grade along the outside edges shall be corrected. A through lane paving course shall be completed prior to the placement of adjacent sideroads, speed change lanes, and other paved areas. For all courses, each adjacent lane shall be completed to approximately the same location at the end of each day s paving. At the end of each completed portion and prior to opening the lanes to traffic, the completed sections of HMA course shall be temporarily ramped down to the existing pavement at a slope of 120H:1V as specified in the Contract Documents. The HMA to be used for construction of the ramps shall be determined by the Contractor and approved by the Contract Administrator. In all cases, the ramps shall not form part of the permanent pavement and shall be removed prior to paving of the adjacent section. The temperature of the HMA immediately after spreading and prior to the initial rolling shall not be less than 115 C. Page 8 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

9 In order to control distribution, the mass of actual HMA placed shall be adjusted for differences in HMA density so that the HMA binder or surface course thickness is maintained at the thickness specified in the Contract Documents Binder Course Binder courses shall not be placed unless the air temperature at the surface of the road is a minimum of 2 C and rising Surface Course Surface courses shall not be placed unless the air temperature at the surface of the road is at least 7 C, except as follows: a) When single course pavement is laid on granular grade or HL 2 that was laid on a granular grade, the minimum air temperature shall be at least 2 C and rising. b) For dense friction course (DFC) surface course, the minimum air temperature shall be at least 12 C Use of Paving Equipment Levelling, binder, and surface courses shall be laid by means of mechanical self-propelled pavers. The longitudinal alignment of the spreader shall be controlled by the use of a string line placed at each outer edge of the pavement. The spreader is directed at all times by the string line and not by the edge of the preceding course, except for the trailing paver when paving in echelon. The automatic screed controls and all compaction aids on the paver shall be operational while the HMA is being placed, except that the automatic controls shall not be used when placing HL 2 and a single course of HMA on granular grade. Single pavers or the lead paver, when paving in echelon, shall be controlled as to longitudinal grade by a 12 m ski or floating beam. The pavers shall operate continuously at a uniform speed necessary to match the output of the plant. However, in no case shall the speed of the paver exceed 18 m/min. If the HMA for surface course paving comes from more than one mixing plant, the HMA from each plant shall be placed by a separate paver Widenings and Irregular Sections When it is necessary to hand-spread the HMA in sections adjacent to machine-laid areas, such handspreading shall be carried out concurrently with machine-laying operations. a) Widenings The HMA shall be placed in widenings such that the top of the compacted HMA is flush with the top of the existing pavement. When stepped joints are specified, the layers placed in the widening shall be placed to the top of each step in separate operations. HMA shall be placed in the widening using equipment specially designed for this purpose. Page 9 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

10 b) Irregular Sections In turn-outs, driveways, and other irregular sections where it is impractical to use machine methods to spread and finish the binder, levelling, or surface courses, the Contractor shall use other spreading equipment or shall spread the HMA by hand Hot Mix Asphalt Padding HMA padding shall be carried out as specified in the Contract Documents Hot Mix Asphalt Patching Prior to HMA patching, temporary patching material shall be removed from the locations designated for such removal in the Contract Documents. The resulting areas shall be filled and compacted with HMA, as specified in the Contract Documents. The HMA patching material shall be machine laid to the required thickness, grade, and crossfall. Transverse and longitudinal joints between the existing pavement and the patch shall be perpendicular butt joints formed by the milling process or keyed in, as specified in the Contract Documents Longitudinal and Transverse Joints General All joints shall be made to ensure a full face bond and a smooth riding surface. Longitudinal and transverse butt or stepped joints between the new HMA pavement and the existing pavement shall be constructed by trimming the existing pavement edge to a straight clean vertical surface of at least 40 mm. All dirt or other foreign material and all loose material shall be removed from all vertical surfaces. When matching a compacted joint, the depth of the uncompacted mat shall be set to allow for compaction. The paver screed shall overlap the adjoining mat by no more than 50 mm Tack Coating of Joints Vertical surfaces at which joints are made shall be tack coated with a thin uniform and continuous coating of tack coat material, except for longitudinal joints between lanes paved in echelon Longitudinal Joints Longitudinal joints shall be properly set up, with the back of a rake or lute, at proper height and grade prior to rolling, unless the Contractor has demonstrated acceptable joint construction. With the exception of HL 2 courses, the width of subsequent courses shall be staggered to an offset of 150 to 300 mm so that longitudinal joints do not coincide. This shall also apply to the joint between through lanes and speed change lanes and other similar longitudinal joints. The longitudinal joints in the surface course shall correspond to the demarcation between the driving lanes, speed change lanes, and tapers specified in the Contract Documents. During surface course paving, excess material shall not be cast onto the surface of the freshly laid mat. Page 10 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

11 When resurfacing against a rigid object, a butt joint shall be constructed by milling the existing pavement to provide an exposed vertical surface of at least 25 mm at the face of the rigid object. The milling shall be feathered out to zero over a minimum length of 1.25 m from and parallel to the exposed face of the rigid object, providing a minimum of 40 mm of resurfacing material over the area of removal Transverse Joints Joints between HMA pavement laid under this Contract and existing HMA courses not laid under the Contract shall be constructed as follows: a) Where a binder course is placed flush against an existing HMA pavement and a butt joint is to be made, the existing pavement shall be trimmed back to form a straight vertical surface. b) Where a surface course is placed flush against an existing HMA pavement, a stepped joint shall be prepared by removing the existing surface course to its full depth for a minimum length of 0.5 m and the remaining face shall be trimmed to form a straight vertical surface. c) Where a binder course and surface course are not placed flush against an existing HMA pavement, the binder course shall be feathered out and the surface course shall be butt jointed by removing the existing surface course to a minimum depth of 40 mm, and for a longitudinal distance not less than 5m Compaction Compaction of the HMA shall be conducted using appropriate methods and equipment to provide a uniformly compacted mat according to the requirements of this specification Rolling on Bridge Decks Each roller shall come to a complete stop prior to changing direction. Compaction shall be accomplished using the minimum combination number of rollers specified in Table 4. If vibratory rollers are used, they shall be used in static mode. The operating speed of steel-drum rollers shall not exceed 5 km/h and shall be operated in a manner to avoid undue displacement of the HMA. Rollers shall operate with the drive wheel forward in the direction of paving. At all places not accessible to rollers, the HMA shall be compacted by mechanical self powered gas, electric, or air powered equipment. Rolling procedures shall be as follows: a) Breakdown Rolling The mixture shall be uniformly compacted as soon after placing as it will support the roller without checking or undue displacement. Rolling shall start longitudinally at the lower edge and proceed towards the higher edge of the course, overlapping on successive passes. Alternate passes of the roller shall be staggered. b) Intermediate Rolling The intermediate roller shall follow the breakdown roller as closely as possible. Passes shall overlap previous passes. The roller shall be operated to prevent pick-up of the HMA on the tires. Page 11 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

12 c) Finish Rolling Finish rolling shall start longitudinally at the higher edge and proceed towards the lower edge Tolerances After final compaction, each course shall be smooth and true to the established crown and grade. HMA binder and surface courses shall be free from deviations exceeding 6 and 3 mm, respectively, as measured in any direction with a 3 m straight edge Surface Appearance Each course after final compaction shall be of uniform texture and shall be free of any defects including segregation, fat spots, oil spills, and roller marks. Defective areas shall be removed and replaced with HMA of the same type and compacted to the satisfaction of the Contract Administrator Field Adjustments to the JMF Field adjustments to the JMF will be permitted according to OPSS 1150, provided the net impact of all adjustments to the original JMF do not exceed any of the maximum field adjustments specified in OPSS 1150 and that the revised JMF meets the requirements of the Contract Documents. The number of field adjustments to the JMF shall be limited to two for each mix design submitted for a given HMA item. When a second field adjustment to the JMF is being requested, the Contractor shall submit samples that are duplicates of those used in the testing required to support the request. The revised JMF shall be supplied in writing to the Contract Administrator together with the test results to support the application for the change to the JMF. The Contract Administrator shall review the revised JMF and confirm conformance or the reason for nonconformance to the Contractor within 4 working hours of receipt of the revised JMF documentation. The revised JMF may be applied to the lot being placed at the time the confirmation of receipt of the revised JMF is issued and the previous lot, if requested by the Contractor as part of the written submission for a JMF change. If this request is not made, the revised JMF shall only apply to the HMA placed, subsequent to the acceptance of the revised JMF. A Field Adjustment to the JMF will be permitted under only the following 3 situations: a) To more closely reflect the actual HMA being produced, when test results for the last lot produced according to the submitted JMF accrued a negative payment adjustment for asphalt cement content or aggregate gradation or both, but met all other specified HMA requirements. b) To permit minor changes in the constituent proportions, when test results for the last lot produced according to the submitted JMF indicated no negative payment adjustments for asphalt cement or gradation, its air voids have a PWL of 50 or greater, and it meets all other specified HMA requirements. c) To permit minor changes in the submitted JMF before production starts. For this situation, in lieu of plant check data, results of tests carried out on laboratory mixed samples are acceptable for the revised JMF. For mixes designed using the Marshall method, a minimum of 12 briquettes are required. A minimum of two determinations for maximum theoretical density shall be performed Management and Disposal of Excess Material Management and disposal of excess material shall be according to OPSS 180. Page 12 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

13 QUALITY ASSURANCE General The Contract Administrator may reject visually defective HMA areas based on, but not limited to, a condition survey of the following defects: flushing, bleeding, segregation, fat spot, surface damage, and surface contamination. Such defective material, mixture, and work shall not be incorporated into the finished work. QA testing shall be carried out at a laboratory currently certified by CCIL with Type A or B certification, AMRL equivalent certification, or other equivalent certification. Samples shall be used to determine compliance for asphalt cement content, aggregate gradation, air voids, flow, voids in mineral aggregate, and stability Assessment Criteria The following tests shall be conducted on the samples: a) Asphalt cement content and aggregate gradation in accordance with LS-291, LS-282, or LS-292. b) The percent air voids and voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) using the same laboratory compaction protocol as was used in the design of the mixture. The calculation of VMA shall be based on the bulk relative densities of aggregates obtained during mix design or more recent determinations thereof. c) The stability and flow in accordance with LS-263 for mixes designed using the Marshall method. d) Theoretical Maximum Relative Density (MRD) for each core sample using test procedure LS-264. e) The Bulk Relative Density (BRD) for each core sample using test procedure LS-262. If the percent water absorbed by the sample is found to exceed 2% by volume as described in AASHTO T 166, then the BRD shall be determined using either LS-306 or ASTM PS f) Pavement compaction based on testing of cores and the following formula: Percent Compaction = (100 x BRD divided by MRD) + C where: C = Thickness Correction factor, 0.1% for each whole millimetre that the individual core sample thickness is less than 40 mm Acceptance of Attributes Acceptance of the attributes for all HMA types is based on the lot percent within limits (PWL). PWL is determined as described in LS-101 for each criterion using the attributes' lot mean and lot standard deviation and the lower limits (LL) and upper limit (UL) as specified in Table 5. The test results for each sublot shall be used to compute the lot mean and standard deviation for each acceptance attribute. If the PWL is less than 50% for asphalt cement content, air voids, or compaction or less than 25% for any payment adjustment sieve, the lot is rejectable and shall be subject to repair or payment adjustment. The PWL of the lot for each attribute shall be used to determine the payment adjustment factor provided in the Contract Documents. Page 13 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

14 The Contract Administrator shall determine if a rejectable lot may remain in the work without repairs. When the Contract Administrator has determined that a rejectable lot may remain in the work without repair, the lot shall be subjected to a payment adjustment. If the Contractor elects to repair the lot in lieu of a payment adjustment or if the Contract Administrator determines that a rejectable lot requires repair, the lot shall be repaired and re-evaluated as detailed under the Repairing and Re-Evaluating subsection Acceptance of Marshall Stability, Flow, and Voids in Mineral Aggregate The stability, flow, and VMA of mix production samples shall meet the minimum requirements specified for mix design purposes. When testing of the HMA shows that the mix produced does not meet these minimum requirements, the Contractor shall take immediate corrective action and re-evaluate the HMA according to OPSS Acceptance of Performance Graded Asphalt Cement and Tack Coat The Contract Administrator shall determine the acceptability of the performance graded asphalt cement according to OPSS The acceptability of tack coat shall be specified in the Contract Documents Lot Size The Contract Administrator shall determine the size and location of the lots and sublots. When the tender item quantity is 5,000 tonnes or less, the quantity will normally be considered a single lot. The number and sizes of sublots will be based on individual circumstances and may be adjusted to suit the quantity. When the tender item quantity is 5,000 tonnes or more, the lot size will normally be divided into 5,000 tonne lots with ten sublots of equal size. Prior to placing a lot, the lot or sublot sizes may be reduced at the discretion of the Contract Administrator and after discussion with the Contractor. When only one or two sublots are completed at the end of paving for the item due to a change in the job-mix formula or when a delay of more than 20 business days occurs in placing the complete lot, the test results obtained for the one or two sublots will be considered as part of the previous lot. When only three to nine sublots are completed due to the above circumstances, then the three to nine sublots will be considered as a lot. When a delay of more than 20 business days occurs in placing the complete lot, prior to the end of the 20 business days the Contractor may request in writing to the Contract Administrator that the lot be completed upon the resumption of paving for that item Referee Testing The Contractor or the Contract Administrator may request testing by an independent third party referee laboratory of any complete lot. The party requesting the referee testing may select compaction or mix properties or both to be tested by the referee laboratory, as specified in the Contract Documents. For HDBC and DFC, the party requesting the referee testing may select air voids only instead of mix properties, provided that the QA and QC individual lot payment factors for the 4.75 mm sieve, 600 µm sieve, 75 µm sieve, and asphalt cement content are each at least The Owner will designate the referee laboratory. The Contract Administrator shall arrange for the delivery of samples to the referee laboratory. The results generated by the referee laboratory shall be used to determine the payment factors for the acceptance of the compaction or mix properties or both for the disputed lots of HMA. The results shall be binding on the Contractor and the Owner. Page 14 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

15 The Contractor and the Owner may have a representative present during testing. During testing, each representative shall comment on anything about the testing that the representative does not consider valid and the laboratory representative shall respond to the comments in an attempt to resolve them. Prior to leaving the laboratory, any unresolved comments regarding the testing procedures shall be given to the referee laboratory representative and subsequently to the Contract Administrator in writing. Any comments on the testing procedures that are made subsequent to the Contractor's or Owners representative leaving the laboratory shall not be considered Repairing and Re-Evaluating The Contract Administrator may require any rejectable lot to be replaced or repaired. When the Contract Administrator requires a rejectable lot to be repaired or the Contractor elects to carry out repairs in lieu of accepting a payment adjustment, the Contractor shall determine what areas of hot mix in a lot are to be repaired. Each repair area shall include at least one of the plate or core sample locations for which an attribute of the mix was deemed rejectable or requires payment adjustment. However, when the Contract Administrator requires a rejectable lot to be repaired, the repaired areas shall include all plate or core or both sample locations where an attribute of the mix was deemed rejectable. Prior to the repair, the Contractor shall take slab samples or cores for testing of asphalt cement content, gradation, and air voids or compaction in the unrepaired area and within one metre of the limits of each repair and of the repair area. Sufficient material shall be obtained for testing by the QC and QA laboratories and for possible referee testing. The repair area selected by the Contractor shall then be extended by one metre. These repair areas shall be repaired by removal and replacement or an overlay, where permitted by the Contract Administrator prior to re-evaluating. A paver shall be used in carrying out the repair. The minimum width of repair shall be the width of the lane or shoulder being repaired. The minimum length shall be sufficient for a paver to operate. When repairs are made to all or parts of a lot, the lot shall be re-evaluated. If there is only one repair area in a lot, the unrepaired area of the lot shall form a lot and the repaired area shall form a lot. The samples for the unrepaired area shall consist of the original unrepaired sublot samples and the samples described above taken from within one metre of the limits of the repair area. If there is more than one repair area in a lot, the repaired locations shall be considered as one lot; the unrepaired areas of the repaired sublots shall be considered as one lot; and the remaining sublots of the original lot that were not repaired shall be considered as one lot. The samples for the lot of the unrepaired areas of the repaired sublots shall include the samples described above, taken from within one metre of the limits of the repair area. The lot of the remaining unrepaired sublots shall have the original test results re-evaluated using the new number of sublots. If there are only one or two sublots in a lot that are not repaired, the Contract Administrator shall include these sublots as part of the previous or next lot. The Contract Administrator in conjunction with the Contractor shall determine the number of sublots for the repair lot. Referee test results shall be used instead of the original test results when the referee laboratory has tested the lot. The repaired area shall be tested for all attribute criteria. The unrepaired area of the repaired sublots shall be tested only for the criteria that was subject to negative payment adjustments in the original test results. The lot of unrepaired sublots shall be re-evaluated using the new number of sublots. If the repair location is less than 500 tonnes, the Contract Administrator in conjunction with the Contractor may decide to include it as part of the current lot being produced. The re-evaluated lots shall be accepted at the full Contract price, subjected to a payment adjustment or rejected, as specified in the Contract Documents. Page 15 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

16 Acceptance of Items with Small Quantities When the HMA tender item quantity is less than 1,000 tonnes, the HMA may be accepted based upon testing as deemed necessary by the Contract Administrator to determine substantial conformance with the Contract Documents. When three or more tests have been completed for a lot, the material shall be accepted at the full Contract price, subjected to a payment adjustment or rejected, as specified in the Contract Documents Specification Limits The quality index for the lower and upper specification limits and PWL shall be determined using LS-101 and the attribute specification limits specified in Table Determination of Outliers in Test Results The Contractor or the Contract Administrator may question an individual value for an attribute of a sublot's test result. The request shall be made within 3 business days of the Contractor and Contract Administrator receiving all of the test results for the lot and only when the payment factor for the attribute with an outlier is less than 1.0. The validity of the questioned attribute shall be ascertained according to ASTM E 178, using a T test at a 10% significance level. If the T test procedure shows that the questioned value of the attribute is not an outlier, then the test result will be used in the calculations. If the T test procedure shows that the questioned value of the attribute is an outlier, then the test result for the sublot will be checked for mathematical errors. For QC and QA test results, if there are no mathematical errors, the test result for the sublot is also considered an outlier and will be discarded and replaced. The protocol for replacing an outlier test result shall be specified in the Contract Documents. For referee test results, if there are no mathematical errors, the sublot with the outlier is treated as a lot with one sublot and the remaining sublots will form a separate lot as detailed in the Contract Documents MEASUREMENT FOR PAYMENT Actual Measurement Hot Mix HL ("type") Hot Mix HL ("type") Patching Heavy Duty Binder Course Mix Medium Duty Binder Course Mix Dense Friction Course Mix By Area Measurement shall be the horizontal area in square metres in place By Mass Measurement shall be in tonnes according to OPSS Tack Coat Measurement shall be the area tack coated in square metres. Page 16 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

17 Hot Mix Asphalt Miscellaneous Measurement shall be the area in square metres, regardless of the number of lifts placed Plan Quantity Measurement When measurement is by Plan Quantity, such measurement is based on the units shown in the clauses under Actual Measurement BASIS OF PAYMENT Hot Mix Asphalt Hot Mix HL ("type") - Item Hot Mix HL ("type") Patching - Item Heavy Duty Binder Course Mix - Item Medium Duty Binder Course Mix - Item Dense Friction Course Mix - Item Payment at the Contract price for the above tender items, including the applicable payment adjustments, shall be full compensation for all labour, Equipment, and Material to do the work. Payment at the Contract price for the appropriate HMA item shall include full compensation for all labour, Equipment, and Material to do the work of providing and removing temporary ramp downs. Payment at the Contract price for the appropriate HMA item shall be full compensation for the HMA Material to do the work of hot mix asphalt miscellaneous. When repairing HMA, the Contractor shall be responsible for and shall carry out all associated work and replace or restore all associated damage and removals at no cost to the Owner. When the Contractor is responsible for the supply and cost of all of the HMA aggregates or the RAP, the Contractor shall be responsible for any additional costs incurred due to a change in the material proportions after the original mix design and JMF have been accepted, except the additional cost of an increase in the asphalt cement content when provision is made in the Contract Documents to compensate the Contractor for an increase in the asphalt cement content Payment Adjustment for Mix Properties and Compaction When the Contractor is not required to or does not elect to repair a lot, the total payment adjustment for that lot for mix properties and compaction shall be the product of: lot quantity x price x [total payment factor minus 1.000] When the total payment factor is less than 1.000, the total payment adjustment for mix properties and compaction shall be a reduction in payment for the lot. When the total payment factor for mix properties and compaction is equal to 1.000, no adjustment shall be made to payment for the lot. When the total payment factor is greater than 1.000, the total payment adjustment shall be an increase in payment for the lot. Page 17 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

18 Lot Quantity When a payment adjustment due to the mass multiplier for the selected aggregate combination is specified in the Contract Documents, the lot quantity shall be the quantity of the mix in the lot multiplied by the applicable mass multiplier factor Price For purposes of payment adjustment for the tender item, the term price means the Contract price of the hot mix tender item. In the case where surface mix is placed as trials in the binder course, the term price means the Contract price for the surface course tender item. In either case, when the Contract specifies that the Contract price shall be adjusted due to a change in the asphalt cement content from that specified for bidding purposes, the term price means the Contract price adjusted for the change in asphalt cement content Total Payment Factor The total payment factor shall be based on the individual payment factors determined for asphalt cement content, each of the payment adjustment sieves, percent air voids, and pavement compaction. The formulae and relationship are as specified in the Contract Documents. The total payment factor shall be reported to four decimal places with rounding according to LS-100. When there is no sampling or testing specified for a mix attribute or when the requirement for sampling or testing for a mix attribute is waived by the Owner or the payment factor for the attribute is not provided in the Contract Documents, the payment factor for that attribute shall be equal to When the Contract Administrator decides that the unrepaired area of an original lot that has been partially repaired shall not be resampled, the payment factor for the unrepaired area shall be Repairing and Re-Evaluating No payment shall be made for the quantity of HMA that is removed and replaced or overlaid when: a) In lieu of a payment reduction, the Contractor repairs the lot; or b) The Contract Administrator has determined that a rejectable lot requires repair. The Contractor shall be charged for all additional testing resulting from a repair to a lot at the rates established by the Owner for the year in which the testing was carried out Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Proportion Payment at the Contract price for the appropriate HMA tender item shall include full compensation for all labour, Equipment, and Material to do the work resulting from the Contractor's optional use of RAP, as provided according to OPSS Page 18 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313

19 Anti-Stripping Additives and Hydrated Lime Anti-stripping additive shall be supplied and used at no additional cost to the Owner, if any of the following apply: a) When an aggregate that is not listed in the Ministry s Designated Sources for Materials manual is used for asphalt aggregates and the mix design procedure identifies that anti-stripping additive is required. b) When an aggregate that is in the Ministry s Designated Sources for Materials manual is used for asphalt aggregates and anti-stripping additive is indicated as being required. c) The Contract Documents indicate that anti-stripping additive is required for the mix. d) An aggregate source is selected that has a history of requiring an anti-stripping additive. When determining the quantity of asphalt cement used, a deduction shall be made for the amount of liquid anti-stripping additive used in the mix. When hydrated lime is used in place of an anti-stripping additive, no additional payment will be made to the Contractor Hot Mix Asphalt Miscellaneous - Item Payment at the Contract price for the above tender item shall be full compensation for all labour and Equipment to do the work Tack Coat - Item Payment at the Contract price for the above tender item shall be full compensation for all labour, Equipment, and Material to do the work. Where there is no separate tender item for tack coat, payment at the Contract price for the appropriate tender item for hot mix to be placed on the tack coat shall include full compensation for all labour, Equipment, and Material for the tack coating. Payment for tack coating completed in association with bridge deck waterproofing shall be included in the bridge deck waterproofing item New Mix Designs Resulting From Owner Changes Where a new mix design and a new JMF are required because of a change for which the Owner bears responsibility, the Contractor shall carry out the work as Extra Work according to the Contract Documents. Page 19 Rev. Date: 11/2002 OPSS 313