42#Story)Dewi.#Chestnut) Apartments)Re#imagined:) The)SOM)Timber)Tower) Research)Project)

Transcription

1 42#Story)Dewi.#Chestnut) Apartments)Re#imagined:) The)SOM)Timber)Tower) Research)Project) Presented(on(November(6 th,(2014(by(benton(johnson( Disclaimer:+This+presenta1on+was+developed+by+a+third+party+and+is+not+funded+by+ WoodWorks+or+the+So=wood+Lumber+Board.(

2 42-Story Dewitt-Chestnut Apartments Re-imagined: The SOM Timber Tower Research Project National Symposium: Toward Taller Wood Buildings November 6 th, 2014 Benton Johnson, PE SE Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP benton.johnson@som.com (SOM( (Hedrich(Blessing(

3 Timber Research to Date Initial Report: Released May 2013 System Report #1: Released May 2014 Project Specific: Ongoing

4 SOM Research

5 SOM Legacy Research THE TALL BUILDING: THE EFFECTS OF SCALE Myron Goldsmith, Masters in Architecture, 1953; Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) Advisor: Mies van der Rohe

6 SOM Legacy Research THE TALL BUILDING: THE EFFECTS OF SCALE Myron Goldsmith, Masters in Architecture, 1953; Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) Advisor: Mies van der Rohe

7 SOM Legacy Research A TALL OFFICE BUILDING Mikio Sasaki, Master of Science in Architecture, 1964; Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) Advisor: Myron Goldsmith Structural Advisor: Fazlur Khan

8 SOM Legacy Research John Hancock Center Chicago, IL (1970)

9 SOM Legacy Research CTBUH Proceedings, 1974

10 SOM Contemporary Research Tower Palace III Seoul, South Korea (2004) Burj Khalifa Dubai, UAE (2010)

11 SOM Contemporary Research Cantilevered Core / Super Core R&D Award Winner, Architect Magazine (2011)

12 SOM Ongoing Research Metropolis Magazine, March 2014

13 Research Motivation

14 Research Motivation

15 Basis of Timber Research

16 Basis of Research 2013: 7.0 billion Total billion in Cities 2050: 11.0 billion Total billion in Cities Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division: World Urbanization Prospects, The 2011 Revision

17 Basis of Research Source: David Dodman, Blaming Cities for Climate Change? An Analysis of Urban Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories, 2009

18 Basis of Research Houston Paris New York Tokyo Melbourne Hong Kong

19 Basis of Research

20 Basis of Research Steel: Melting Iron Concrete: Cement Production Wood: Kiln Drying

21 Basis of Research Renewable Resource Global Warming Potential Air & Water Quality Erosion and Soil Quality Biodiversity

22 Basis of Research

23 Basis of Research

24 Basis of Research

25 Initial Research Project Overview

26 Research Project Overview (SOM( (Hedrich(Blessing(

27 Research Project Overview

28 Research Project Overview Analysis and design of framed tube structures for tall concrete buildings The Structural Engineer, March 1973

29 Research Project Overview

30 Design Process What makes a successful building design? -Marketable -Serviceable -Economical -Sustainable

31 Successful Design Marketable Serviceable Economical Sustainable

32 Proposed System

33 System Design

34 Marketable 24ft Average ft ft

35 Marketable

36 Marketable

37 System Marketability 26-3 Need ~13.5 th. panel Too much material, not economical

38 Floor Structure We must reduce amount of materials used in the floors, what choices do we have? -Reduce the span? -Add interior columns / walls? -Use beams? -Boundary conditions?

39 Floor Structure

40 Floor Structure

41 Floor Structure

42 Floor Structure

43 Floor Structure We must reduce amount of materials used in the floors, what choices do we have? -Reduce the span? -Add interior columns / walls? -Use beams? -Boundary conditions

44 Floor Connections Typical Floor Section Tension Rebar Typical Framing Plan Column to Slab Connection

45 Floor Connections

46 Floor Analysis

47 Floor Connections Nov Jan Feb

48 Floor Connections

49 Floor Connections

50 Floor Connections

51 Timber / Concrete Material Properties 135psi psi = Side Face = Cut Face C=1,400psi C = 425psi T = 0psi C = 2,500psi 3,400psi = Cut Face T=700psi T = 500psi 2,150 psi Select Structural SPF 5,000 psi Concrete

52 Torsional Behavior

53 Floor to Floor Compression Trump Tower Material Schedule

54 Floor to Floor Compression 5,000 psi 12,000 psi 12,000 psi 5,000 psi

55 Concrete Column/Floor Joints 12,000 psi 5,000 psi 5,000 psi 12,000 psi 12,000 psi Column is 2.2x stronger than typical floor Trump Tower Material Schedule

56 Timber Column/Floor Joints 425 psi Allowable 1400 psi Allowable Column is 3.3x stronger than typical floor

57 Timber Column/Floor Joints Beam applies tension perpendicular to column grain 425 psi Allowable 1400 psi Allowable

58 Timber Column / Concrete Floor Joint 1,400 psi Timber Column C= 1,400p si 2,500 psi Concrete Joint C = 2,500 psi (MIN) 1,400 psi Timber Column The floor is 1.8x stronger than the column!

59 Proposed System

60 Proposed System

61 Proposed System Total(Lumber:( =(12,000(yd 3( =(3.9(million(boardLM( =(1,700(miles(of(2x4((

62 Design Process What makes a successful building design? ->Marketable -Serviceable -Tall Buildings -Timber Buildings ->Economical -Sustainable

63 Serviceability in Tall Buildings

64 Proposed System

65 Lateral Load Resistance Link(Beam(DeformaSon( Lateral(Load(DeformaSon(

66 Lateral Load Resistance

67 Managing Vertical Loads G(+(L( G(L(L( Overturning(Diagram( Lateral(Load(DeformaSon( Lateral(Load(Tributary(Area(

68 Compression Strength

69 Uplift Resistance

70 Proposed System By(Volume:(80%(Timber,(20%(Concrete( By(Weight:((45%(Timber,(55%(Concrete(

71 Design Process What makes a successful building design? ->Marketable -Serviceable -Tall Buildings -Timber Buildings ->Economical -Sustainable

72 Serviceability Fire Resistance

73 Serviceability Fire Resistance

74 Serviceability System Integration

75 Serviceability Acoustics

76 Serviceability Moisture / Durability

77 Serviceability Lower Levels Grade(

78 Design Process What makes a successful building design? ->Marketable ->Serviceable ->Economical -Sustainable

79 Sustainability

80 Effective Use of Timber Total Mat l = 1.12 cuft/sf C0 2 Footprint = 75lb/sf Total Mat l = 1.14 cuft/sf C0 2 Footprint = 30lb/sf Total Mat l = 1.30 cuft/sf C0 2 Footprint = 20lb/sf

81 Effective Use of Timber North America produces approximately 20 billion board-ft of lumber each year? How can this material be used most effectively?

82 Effective Use of Timber Using SOM proposed composite system, 20b bd-ft = 2,050,000,000 SF of high-rise Using SOM proposed all-timber system, 20b bd-ft = 1,350,000,000 SF of high-rise

83 Effective Use of Timber Using SOM proposed composite system, 20b bd-ft = 2,050,000,000 SF of high-rise Using SOM all-timber & concrete systems, 20b bd-ft = 1,350,000,000 SF of timber high-rise + 700,000,000 SF of R/C high-rise

84 Effective Use of Timber Using SOM proposed composite system, 20b bd-ft = 2,050,000,000 SF of high-rise Average Material Usage = 1.12 cuft/sft Average Carbon Footprint = 30lb/sf Using SOM all-timber & concrete systems, 20b bd-ft = 1,350,000,000 SF of timber high-rise + 700,000,000 SF of R/C high-rise Average Material Usage = 1.25 cuft/sft Average Carbon Footprint = 40lb/sf

85 Design Process What makes a successful building design? ->Marketable ->Serviceable ->Economical ->Sustainable

86 Concrete Jointed Timber Frame

87 Moving Forward: System Report #1

88 Verification Initial Report: Section 7: Recommendations

89 Collaboration

90 Collaboration

91 Big Picture Sustainability Columns: Material: 5-10% Testing: Some Use: Timber Building Only Shear Walls: Material: 15-25% Testing: Extensive Use: Timber Building Only Floor Framing: Material: 65-75% Testing: Some Use: Timber or Hybrid Building

92 System Report #1

93 System Report #1

94 Second Generation System

95 Second Generation System Composite structural concrete topping slab, reduces overall th.

96 Second Generation System Composite structural concrete topping slab, reduces overall th. Visual grade of wood on underside to eliminate finishes

97 Second Generation System Composite structural concrete topping slab, reduces overall th. Route conduit at interface of timber and topping Visual grade of wood on underside to eliminate finishes

98 Second Generation System Bars in topping slab provide moment connection to concrete boundary structure

99 Researcher Collaboration

100 Moving Forward: Project Opportunities

101 Opportunities Reduced(massing( on(elevason( ( Roof(terrace( ( G+9( ( G+8( ( G+7( (

102 Opportunities G+9( ( G+8( ( G+7( (

103 Opportunities G+9( ( G+8( ( G+7( (

104 Opportunities

105 Conclusions

106 Conclusions

107 Conclusions

108 Conclusions Photo Credit: S.H. Knox & Company ~100 Years SOM Nick Merrick Hedrich Blessing

109 Conclusions

110 42-Story Dewitt-Chestnut Apartments Re-imagined: The SOM Timber Tower Research Project Thank You (SOM( (Hedrich(Blessing(

111 42#Story)Dewi.#Chestnut) Apartments)Re#imagined:) The)SOM)Timber)Tower) Research)Project) Presented(on(November(6 th,(2014(by(benton(johnson( Disclaimer:+This+presenta1on+was+developed+by+a+third+party+and+is+not+funded+by+ WoodWorks+or+the+So=wood+Lumber+Board.(