Surface Transport Master Plan Addendum 3 Transit Corridor Safeguarding Basis of Design. Revision A

Transcription

1 Surface Transport Master Plan Addendum 3 Transit Corridor Safeguarding Basis of Design Revision A October 2008

2 Department of Transport PO Box 20 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Surface Transport Master Plan Addendum 3 - Transit Corridor Safeguarding Basis of Design October 2008 Mott MacDonald Ltd PO Box Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Tel: Fax: ABC

3

4 List of Contents Page 1 Introduction Abbreviations 1 2 Design Codes and Standards 2 3 Design Life 3 4 Ground Conditions 3 5 Structural Analysis and Design Limit State Analysis Geotechnical Analysis Modelling Analysis of Vertical Stability Analysis of Structural Capacity 5 6 Alignment and Rail Systems Design 5 7 Fire and Life Safety Design 6 8 Architectural Design 6 9 Mechanical and Electrical Design 7 10 Conclusion 8 Tables Table 1.1: List of Abbreviations 2 i ABC

5 1 Introduction This document outlines the high level design codes and standards that should be used in the preliminary design of the Abu Dhabi Transit Systems (Abu Dhabi Rail, Abu Dhabi Metro and Abu Dhabi Trams). This report also gives guidance on the design principles to be adopted in the preliminary design calculations. The disciplines which should be considered as part of the preliminary design are: Alignment; Civil works; Structural Works; Architecture; Mechanical and Electrical Works; Safety. At present, drawing no /PW/ABU/001 (Rev P01) is being used to safeguard the transit corridors. Subject to changes from ongoing detailed studies to the proposed scheme, the drawing and this report will be updated as necessary. It should also be noted that the Department of Transport s Public Transport Planning Guidelines is currently being updated by a separated study team. 1.1 Abbreviations The abbreviations listed in Table 1.1 are used in this document: AF AFC BM GCC LRT M&E NDIA NFPA OLE Axial Force Automatic Fare Collection Bending Moment Gulf Cooperation Council Light Rail Transit Mechanical and Electrical New Doha International Airport National Fire Protection Association Overhead Line Equipment 1 ABC

6 PSD SLS TIS UIC ULS Platform Screen Door Serviceability Limit State Technical Specifications for Interoperability International Union of Railways Ultimate Limit State Table 1.1: List of Abbreviations 2 Design Codes and Standards The preliminary design should be carried out in compliance with the requirements of Abu Dhabi Municipality Guidelines and Abu Dhabi Civil Defence, and in accordance with the following Codes and Standards. This document outlines the high level design codes and standards as follows: United Arab Emirates Law and Statutory Regulations and Construction Specifications; Requirements of the European Standards in the Eurocode family; - Eurocode 0: Basis of Design Structures; - Eurocode 1: Actions on Structures; - Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures; - Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures; - Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design; - Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance; National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems; The International Union of Railways (UIC) Standards; European Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TIS) Standards for Railways. Each design discipline report will contain a comprehensive list of design codes and standards which should be used in the future design calculations. 2 ABC

7 3 Design Life The design life of the permanent civil works including the stations and the tunnel structures shall be 100 years, however for certain replaceable components the life time will be less. The design life of the temporary structures and support systems will be defined such that the structural stability is not compromised until all permanent works are completed. 4 Ground Conditions Full details of the geology and the geotechnical parameters can be found in the Geotechnical Interpretative Report, within 2 weeks. 5 Structural Analysis and Design 5.1 Limit State Analysis Ultimate Limit State (ULS) and Serviceability Limit State (SLS) load combinations should be analysed for shear, axial force and bending moments based on the expected foundation conditions and the requirements of Eurocode 7. The structural behaviour in the ULS shall be analysed with regard to: Safety against structural failure; Deformation and rotation capacity against local mechanisms; Static equilibrium of the whole structure; The structural behaviour in the SLS shall be analysed with regard to: Stress limitations; Crack widths; Water resistance; Deflections; The global design analyses performed to determine the global force effects for the station and tunnel structures should be based on linear elastic models, using the appropriate material properties. Local analysis in the Serviceability Limit State shall be based on elastic behaviour. For local analysis in the Ultimate Limit State, plastic behaviour may be assumed. 3 ABC

8 5.2 Geotechnical Analysis Geotechnical design should be based on the requirements of Eurocode 7, and will cover the following design activities: Temporary embedded retaining wall design; - Design to consider accidental strut removal; - Design to consider unplanned excavation; - Bending Moment (BM), Shear Force (SF) and Axial Force (AF) calculations; - Cut-off wall; - Temporary strut loads; Bearing capacity and settlement check; Floatation check, including tension pile design if required; Provide vertical and horizontal displacement due to excavation; 5.3 Modelling The global behaviour of the station boxes and tunnel structures will need to be idealised for the analysis using 2D plane frame and line beam models respectively. The tunnel foundation should be represented as a series of discrete spring supports. The effects of unevenness of support, and variation in support stiffness, will need to be investigated. The effects of friction between the structural walls and the surrounding soil will need to be taken into account. The frictional resistance at the soil/structure interface under the application of external loadings or movements which may reduce the beneficial effect of axial compression on section capacities will have to be considered. 5.4 Analysis of Vertical Stability The vertical stability of the tunnel structures and the station boxes will have to be considered taking into account all possible loads throughout the design life of the structures, during construction and in permanent condition. The uplift forces due to water pressure should be resisted by a combination of the self-weight of the structures, the weight of fill above the structures and if required, the extension of the base slabs as toes into the surrounding soil to mobilise more soil weight. If deemed necessary, tension piles may be utilised to increase resistance to uplift. The minimum safety against uplift during construction shall be determined prior to the commencement of the detailed design, on the basis of an assessment of the actual method and the uncertainties of the water level. 4 ABC

9 In the permanent situation the minimum factor of safety against uplift shall be Analysis of Structural Capacity The design of reinforced concrete structures should be in accordance with Eurocode 2 part 1: Design of Concrete Structures. The main issues which have to be addressed for the station boxes and the tunnel concrete structures are: The design for water resistance and durability; The calculation and limitation of crack widths; The inclusion of imposed deformation; The effects of cracked cross sections on the force distribution. Special requirements for earthquake analysis should be taken into account as necessary as per the requirements of Eurocode 8 supplemented by the requirements of the Department of Transport. 6 Alignment and Rail Systems Design The alignment and rail systems design should be in accordance with UIC standards. The design will have to consider the interfaces with the existing infrastructure and the planned infrastructure and developments in line with the Abu Dhabi 2030 Masterplan. The design of the Abu Dhabi Rail should be such that it is interoperable with the future GCC railway. The design of any high speed express line to Dubai should consider what maximum operational speed is reasonably practicable for the relatively short distance where it will be able to reach it s maximum speed. The Abu Dhabi Rail gauge should be developed on the basis of the largest European gauge. This gauge will ensure that the majority of heavy rail rolling stock can be accommodated. In accordance with the requirements for UIC 505 series and TSI, it is proposed that a maximum cant of 150mm is adopted. A gauge development study will allow for the Overhead Line Equipment (OLE), trackform and emergency and maintenance walkways to be designed accordingly. Based on similar principles, the Metro gauge will follow UIC standards and allow for a wide range of possible rolling stock. The Abu Dhabi Rail and Metro geometric through alignment, geometry of switches and crossings will be designed using standards which satisfy the UIC and TSI. The alignment design will need to be supplemented by concept signalling and controls design to demonstrate that the line speeds are achievable. 5 ABC

10 7 Fire and Life Safety Design Fire and life safety requirements in NFPA 130 should be the basis for the design. The fundamental approach to fire safety in station design is to limit the potential for a fire event in the public circulation areas by restricting the use of combustible construction and finishes, and to protect against the spread of a fire that might occur in subsidiary occupancies by requiring automatic fire suppression and/or fire separation for such areas. These measures will reduce fire risk in station public and subsidiary areas arising from station construction or contents. The most significant potential fire event in a station is a train fire. A train fire could involve a larger potential occupant load in that both the train and station occupants would require evacuation. Based on this concept, the station means of egress and fire safety systems should be designed to anticipate evacuation from and response to a train on fire in the station. Additionally, where station configuration limits natural dispersion of smoke from a train fire to the atmosphere, mechanical smoke control will be required to maintain tenability of the egress routes. Based on the above principles, in relation to the conditions arising from a major fire event, the design will need to consider: Ease of movement for tunnel and station users during evacuation; Ease of access for fire fighters; Availability of safety systems and services during an incident; Integrity of the fixings of major items of plant, such as ventilation fans; Integrity of the structures. 8 Architectural Design The station designs should focus on the key design principles for a world class rail system. The designs will need to consider the following: Design development provision for M&E design to both back of house and front of house areas. Continuation of detail design for front of house service reticulation and coordination with structural and architectural design; Development and refinement of passenger traffic analysis (STEPS, pedroute etc.) including station sizing, platform widths and circulation, numbers of Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) gates, escalators, ticket machines etc., in order to verify and confirm the station platform widths and adequate passenger flow; Development and refinement of fire and life safety strategy and exiting analysis to verify and confirm adequate stairs, escalators, and egress path dimensions; 6 ABC

11 Design development of the station interior architecture, ventilation shaft structures, urban design principles and landscape design, together with structural and M&E ventilation design integration and incorporation of flood protection datum; Integration of dimensional requirement for vertical circulation elements, escalator machine boxes, lift over-runs, machine rooms etc. and impact on structural design and electrical reticulation strategy; Preliminary consideration of maintenance strategy for access to clean and maintainable floors, walls and ceiling, including vertical circulation and access to concealed service areas of the station; Develop artificial lighting design strategy including daylight studies to proposed skylights; Preliminary room acoustics review identifying area of sound absorption requirements and impact on materials selection; Integration of system wide components including Platform Screen Door (PSD) installations and their support and movement requirements etc., as well as confirmation of dimensions for ticket machines and AFC gates; 9 Mechanical and Electrical Design The design of mechanical and electrical systems for the station box and tunnels will be based on the life and fire safety and architectural provisions to achieve a safe and comfortable rail system for the users. The design items to be considered are: Ventilation system; Lighting; Water services; Drainage; Communications and controls systems; Power supply and distribution; Platform screen doors; Lifts and escalators; Operation, inspection and maintenance. 7 ABC

12 10 Conclusion This document has highlighted the main codes and standards which should be used for the design of the stations for the Abu Dhabi Rail and Metro system. It should be noted that the list of Codes of Practice mentioned in this document is not exhaustive and additional standards should be employed where necessary. In this case, the proposed codes should be deferred and agreed with Department of Transport prior to adoption. 8 ABC

13