EFFECT OF GLASS POWDER ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CEMENT MORTAR

Transcription

1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_08_04_100 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed EFFECT OF GLASS POWDER ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CEMENT MORTAR S. Manivel Assistant Professor (O.G), Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India S. Prakash Chandar Assistant Professor (O.G), Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India Sunil Nepal M. Tech, Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT The glass is widely used and least recycled material in the country like India. Glass being non-biodegradable, landfills do not provide the proper solution in the waste management. So among the various ways in utilizing the waste glass is in concrete industry. This paper studies the utilization of glass in the form of powder by partially replacing the cement in cement/sand mortar. For this purpose, mortar cubes were prepared to replace cement with glass powder ranging from 0 to 30% at 5% interval and tested for mechanical properties. Similarly, reinforced concrete beams of grade M30 were casted and the beams were laminated with ferrocement. In the ferrocement jacket, cement was replaced partially with glass powder by 0%, 5% and 10% and test were conducted to replicate the effect of glass powder in compression and flexure. The test result showed the optimum compressive strength at 10% glass powder at all the testing days. The workability of the mortar mix increased with increase in glass powder percentage. Likewise, the ferrocement jacketed beam with 10% glass powder showed the least deflection compared to other beams at same loading. Key words: Waste Glass Powder, Partial Replacement of Cement, Compressive Strength, Flexure Strength, Solid Waste Management, Environment. Cite this Article: S. Manivel, S. Prakash Chandar and Sunil Nepal, Effect of Glass Powder on Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Cement Mortar. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp editor@iaeme.com

2 S. Manivel, S. Prakash Chandar and Sunil Nepal 1. INTRODUCTION Cement is globally used material in the construction of concrete structures. Use of concrete is increasing extensively in this modern world leading to higher cement production. This extensive use of the cement has led to serious environmental threat. As CO 2 causes the global warming and cement being a CO 2 emitter, one should search for the alternative way for replacing the cement. Glass has become an integral part of human life. Every year tons of glass are produced. So this use of the glass has possessed a serious landfill problem as it is non-biodegradable material. With increasing environmental pressure to reduce solid waste, the concrete industry has adopted a number of methods to achieve this goal. Use of waste glass powder as cement replacement is one of the possible solutions to reduce the use of cement in concrete industry. Various research has been carried out regarding replacement of cement via glass powder. The use of glass powder (GP) in cement is possible however up to a certain extent only. The major limiting factor for the use of GP in cement is an alkali-silica reaction (ASR). ASR can be reduced to the substantial amount if finer GP is used 1,3,4. Finer GP enhances the pozzolanic reactivity 4. Use of fine GP reduces ASR because of the formation rate of C-S-H higher than the ASR 5. It has also been absorbed that the use of GP in cement increases the workability of concrete mix 2. Similarly, the chemical composition and the fineness of the GP also affects the compressive strength of the concrete. This paper effort to replicate the effect of GP in cement mortar with respect to compressive strength and flexural strength. 2. EXPERIMENITAL 2.1. Materials Cement In this study, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of grade 53 and specific gravity 3.1 confirming to IS 12269(1987) was used as the binder material. Fine aggregate Locally available river sand under zone II, specific gravity 2.7 passing through 4.75 mm IS sieve, confirming to IS 383(1970) was used as fine aggregate. Coarse aggregate Coarse aggregate of specific gravity 2.8 and passing through 20 mm IS sieve confirming to IS 383(1970) was used for the preparation of concrete cubes and beam specimens. Glass powder Industrially bought Glass powder of mesh size 300 and down was used for this project. The chemical composition of the glass powder is given in the Table-1. Reinforcements Reinforcement bar of size 10 mm and 8 mm in diameter was used in the preparation of RC beam. Yield strength of the reinforcement bar used was 415 N/mm 2. Wire mesh Galvanized square wire mesh of yield strength 250 N/mm 2 was used for U wraps of RC beams. The diameter and the center to center spacing of the wire mesh used was 1 mm and 12 mm respectively editor@iaeme.com

3 Effect of Glass Powder on Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Cement Mortar Table 1 Chemical Composition of Glass Powder Chemical SiO 2 Fe 2 O 3 CaO Na 2 O ZrO 2 SrO NiO Cr 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 TiO 2 MgO K 2 O ZnO P 2 O 5 CuO Composition Percentage by Mass Mix Proportions Mix proportion of M30 concrete is given in the Table-2. Mix of cement mortar was prepared in ratio 1:2 cement/sand. The cement in mortar mix was replaced partially with glass powder (GP) ranging from 0%, 5%, 10%,15%, 20%, 25% and 30 % by weight of cement. Water cement ratio was kept constant for all the mortar mixes. Mix proportion for mortar with and without GP is given in the Table-3. Table 2 M30 Concrete Mix Quantity of Materials (kg/m 3 ) Particular wc ratio Cement FA CA Water M30 Concrete Table 3 Mortar Mix Mortar Mix Mortar Cube GP% GP kg/m 3 Cement kg/m 3 FA kg/m 3 WC ratio MC MC MC MC MC MC MC Compressive Strength Test and Workability For the study of compressive strength, 3 cubes of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm were casted and tested for 28 days curing as per IS 516(1959). Similarly, 84 mortar cubes of three samples each, 70.6 mm x 70.6 mm x 70.6 mm in size, were casted in which cement was replaced via glass powder by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The test was carried out for 3, 7, 14 and 28 days curing confirming to IS 516(1959). Slump test for M30 concrete was carried out using IS 1199(1959). And, flow table method confirming ASTM C 1473 was adopted to determine the effect of GP in cement mortar. Five samples of mortar mix were prepared and flow percentages were calculated. Mortar mix was prepared in 1:2 cement/sand ranging GP from 0 to 30% at 5% interval as a partial replacement of cement Preparation of Beam Specimen In this experimental study 4 reinforced concrete (RC) beams (2 samples each, 8 Nos in total) were casted. All the RC beams were provided with two reinforcement bars of 10mm diameter at bottom and top. Stirrups of diameter 8 mm was provided at 300 mm center to center spacing. Of total 4 beams, 3 beams were laminated by ferrocement containing GP at 0%, 5% and 10% as a partial replacement of cement. Classification of the beam samples is given in editor@iaeme.com

4 S. Manivel, S. Prakash Chandar and Sunil Nepal the Table-4. Ferrocement jacketing was prepared in 1:2 cement sand mortar. Wire mesh used for jacketing was of square size 12 mm x 12 mm, diameter 1mm, and Fe250. Chipping of the beam was done for the bonding between beam and ferrocement jacket. U-shape wrapping of wire mesh was done and section of the jacket was kept to 10 mm approximately. A sectional view of the beam with ferrocement jacketing is shown in the Figure - 1. The beams were tested for two-point loading using self-straining loading frame and the arrangement is shown in Figure - 2. Table 4 Types of Beam Sample Beam No B01 FB01 FB02 FB03 Size (L x B x D) mm 1500 x 100 x 120 Ferrocement Jacketing No Yes Yes Yes GP% in mortar mix No of samples Figure 1 RC Beam Section with Ferrocement Jacket Figure 2 Experimental Setup 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Workability Workability of the M30 concrete was 50 mm. Similarly, the flow percentage of the mortar mix was found to be higher with the increase in the percentage of glass powder in the mortar mix. The flow percentage is shown in Figure - 3. Flow % GP% inmortar Mix Figure 3 Flow Percentage of Mortar Mix editor@iaeme.com

5 Effect of Glass Powder on Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Cement Mortar 3.2. Compressive Strength Test The compressive strength of the concrete cube was found to be N/mm 2. The compressive strength of the mortar cube showed the enhanced strength than the mortar cube without GP. The strength increased till 10% GP as partial replacement of cement after which the strength decreased. Compressive strength of the mortar cube MC0 was 42.8 N/mm 2 and that of MC10 was 47 N/mm 2 for 28 days curing. Strength for MC10 increased up to 9.80% comparing to MC0. Compressive strength of the mortars followed the same pattern at all the ages i.e. 3,7,14 and 28 days curing. Compressive strength of all the sample is shown in the Figure - 4. Compressive Strength (N/mm2) Days 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days GP % Figure 4 Compressive Strength of Mortar Cubes 3.3. Deflection Test and Failure Mode From the test it was observed that the control beam B01 failed at loading 72 kn. So for all other beam sample, the maximum deflection was compared as this loading. Deflection of the beam containing ferrocement jacket with GP 0% (FB01) and GP 5% (FB02) was not of much difference. However, the beam containing ferrocement jacket with GP 10% (FB03) showed least deflection. The comparative graph of the center deflection for various beam is shown in the Figure Load (kn) Mid-Span Deflection (mm) B01 FB01 FB02 FB03 Fig.-5 Load vs Deflection Curve editor@iaeme.com

6 S. Manivel, S. Prakash Chandar and Sunil Nepal B01 showed the central deflection of mm at 72 kn load. For the same load, FB01 showed deflection of 8.96 mm which is 12% less. FB02 showed the deflection of 8.99 mm. For beam sample FB03, deflection was 8.23 mm. Deflection of FB03 was less by 8% comparing to FB01 and FB02 and 19% less than B01 (all at 72 kn load). Failure mode of B01 was diagonal tension shear failure which is due to the spacing of the stirrups at 300 mm center to center. Failure mode of B01 is shown in Figure - 6. For B01 initial cracks appeared at loading 24 kn. However, for the beams FB01, FB02 and FB03 initial crack appeared at 40 kn or above. Also, failure of beams FB01, FB02 and FB03 was due to the both flexural and shear cracks. Failure patterns of the beam samples FB01, FB02 and FB03 are shown in the Figure - 7, Figure - 8 and Figure - 9 respectively. Figure 6 B01 Diagonal Tension Failure Figure 7 FB01 Flexure Shear Crack Figure 8 FB02 Flexure Shear Crack Figure 9 FB03 Flexure Shear Crack 4. CONCLUSION From the experimental study, the following conclusions are drawn. The compressive strength was found to be optimum up to 10% GP at all the testing days. The compressive strength of the mortar cube at 10% GP was 47 N/mm 2 at 28 days. The workability of the mortar mix increased with increase in GP%. Likewise, the ferrocement jacketed beam with 10% GP showed the least deflection comparing to other beams at same loading. Deflection of the beam at 10% GP ferrocement beam (FB) was 8% less comparing to both 0% GP FB and 5% GP FB editor@iaeme.com

7 Effect of Glass Powder on Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Cement Mortar The use of glass powder as cement replacement seems feasible. However, it can be used up to a certain extent only beyond which there is a loss in strength. The use of GP in mortar enhances the workability as well as flexure strength when used for ferrocement technique. So the use of the glass powder as cement replacement material not only enhances the material quality but also has the positive effect on the environment. As the use of the glass products is increasing, the use of glass in cement industry will address the problem of landfill waste management too. REFERENCES [1] P Kara, L J Csetényi and A Borosnyói, Performance Characteristics of Waste Glass Powder Substituting Portland Cement in Mortar Mixtures, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 123 (2016). [2] Kaveh Afshinnia, Prasada Rao Rangaraju, Impact of Combined Use of Glass Powder and Crushed Glass Aggregate On Selected Properties of Portland Cement Concrete, 263, 272, Construction and Building Materials 117 (2016). [3] Kaveh Afshinnia, Prasada Rao Rangaraju, Influence of Fineness of Ground Recycled Glass On Mitigation of Alkali Silica Reaction in Mortars,257, 267, Construction and Building Materials 81 (2015). [4] Khmiri, M. Chaabouni, B. Samet, Chemical Behavior of Ground Waste Glass Powder When Used as Partial Cement Replacement in Mortars, 74, 80, Construction and Building Materials 44 (2013). [5] Ana Mafalda Matos, Joana Sousa-Coutinho, Durability of Mortar Using Waste Glass Powder as Cement Replacement, 205, 215 Construction and Building Materials 36 (2012). [6] Report by ACI Committee 549, 594.1R 93 Guide for the Design, Construction & Repair of Ferrocement, Reapproved editor@iaeme.com