GEOSYNTHETICS. Geosynthetics Product & Application Specification Guide. (317)

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1 GEOSYNTHETICS (37) Geosynthetics Product & Application Specification Guide Protective & Outdoor Fabrics Aerospace Composites Armour Composites Geosynthetics Industrial Fabrics Synthetic Grass

2 TenCate Geosynthetics the global leader in geosynthetics Mirafi geosynthetics are a specific, engineered response to a specific problem: how to enable landforms to withstand the most severe and erosive forces of nature. Through engineering and research that span more than 50 years, TenCate Geosynthetics has created the most diverse line of geosynthetic fabrics available from any single source on the planet and has applied them throughout the world to significantly reduce the hidden cost of earthen support systems: their frequency of maintenance and repair over a period of years. Moreover, geosynthetics are increasingly becoming an economical solution to problems that otherwise could only be solved through drastic, expensive methods. Geosynthetics are engineered specifically as a cost-effective solution for geotechnical and hydraulic applications. Geosynthetics are easy to install. Geosynthetics are effective in permanent civil structures because they are composed of highly durable polymers. Geosynthetics are environmentally friendly since they reduce the extraction and depletion of sands and aggregates. At TenCate Geosynthetics, we believe that this proven technology is endowing the age old relationship between man and nature with a new dimension of compatibility. TenCate Geosynthetics Functions Include:

3 Recommended Geosynthetics Moisture Content Best Better Good Very Weak - CBR < 0.5 Sink to Knees Saturated Weak < CBR <.5 Saturated RS580i Sink to Ankles Partially Saturated RS580i RS380i Moderate -.5 < CBR < 3.0 Saturated RS580i RS380i Pickup ruts Partially Saturated RS580i RS380i RS280i Firm - CBR > 3.0 Saturated RS580i RS380i RS280i - Project specific evaluation required. Contact your local TenCate Engineer. TenCate Paving Products Features and Benefits Moisture Barrier Crack Stress Relief Monolithic Bond Bi-Axial Reinforcing Multi-Axial Reinforcing MPG4 MPG00 TruPave Engineered Paving Mat Mirafi MPV Mirafi MTK

4 Breakthrough Research: TenCate Mirafi Geosynthetics Outperforms Others in Independent Full-Scale Study. Mirafi RSi-Series Woven High-Performance Polypropylene Geosynthetic Roadway Reinforcement PRODUCT DESCRIPTION TenCate Mirafi RSi-Series geosynthetics are woven geotextiles comprised of high tenacity poly propylene yarns. Mirafi RSi woven geosynthetics yield tensile modulus up to 90,000 (33 kn/m) (cross machine direction) per D4595. Mirafi RSi-Series woven high-performance polypropylene geotextiles combine the 5 key properties for superior integration: modulus, separation, confinement, water flow and product identification. FEATURES AND BENEFITS Modulus. Separation. Confinement. Water flow. Product identification. Superior integration*. Reinforcement Strength. Higher tensile modulus properties than the leading stabilization products. Separation and Filtration. Unique double layer construction provides an excellent separation factor with superior filtration and drainage. Uniform openings provide consistent filtration and flow characteristics of a fine to coarse sand layer. Soil and Base Course Interaction. Excellent soil and base course confinement resulting in greater load distribution. Durability. Robust damage resistance for moderate to severe stress installations Paved and unpaved road design Subgrade Stabilization for road and rail construction Base Course Reinforcement for paved roads Reinforcement over soft ground PROPERTIES Test Method Units RS280i RS380i RS580i Patent Patent #8,333,220 Strength Patent #8,598,054 #9,404,233 Tensile 2% Strain (MD/CD) Tensile 5% Strain (MD/CD) Hydraulic Flow Rate 4 D4595 D4595 D449 gal/min/ft 2 (l/min/m 2 ) 600 (8.8) 620 (23.6) 70 (2852) 600/020 (8.8/4.9) 800/2256 (26.3/32.9) 75 (3056) 480/800 (7.0/26.3) 440/4380 (2.0/69.3) Permittivity 4 D449 sec Soil Retention 75 (3056) Apparent Opening Size (AOS) D475 U.S. Sieve (mm) 40 (0.425) 40 (0.425) 40 (0.425) Pore Size 050 D6767 microns Pore Size 095 D6767 microns Soil Interaction Interaction Coefficient 2,5 D Factory Seam Strength 5 D (35.0) 2700 (39.4) 3000 (43.8) UV Resistance (at 500 hours 5 ) D4355 % strength retained NOTE: All Mechanical Properties and Hydraulic Properties shown are Minimum Average Roll Values (MARV). MD: Machine Direction, CD: Cross-Machine Direction Maximum Opening Size 2 Interaction Coefficient value is for sand or gravel based on testing conducted by SGI Testing Services. 3 Typical Value 4 Minimum Roll Value 5 Minimum Test Value * Integration refers to the overall set of described characteristics based on a review of technical specifications for comparable products published by their respective manufacturers. Individual characteristics of these products vary and may meet, exceed, or fall below one or more of the above described individual characteristics.

5 Mirafi H 2 Ri Revolutionary Woven Geosynthetic Roadway Reinforcement PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Mirafi H 2 Ri woven geosynthetic is a revolutionary wicking geosynthetic created from super high-tenacity polypropylene filaments and patented wicking filaments formed into an innovative weave to provide superior reinforcement strength and soil interaction integrated with high soil retention and wicking capabilities. FEATURES AND BENEFITS Wicking Capability. Special hydrophilic and hygroscopic 4DG Fibers that provides wicking action through the plane of the geosynthetic. Reinforcement Strength. Higher tensile modulus properties than leading stabilization products. Separation and Filtration. Unique double layer construction provides an excellent separation factor with superior filtration and drainage. Soil and Base Course Interaction. Excellent soil and base course confinement resulting in greater load distribution. Durability. Robust damage resistance for moderate to severe stress installations. When superior performance, flexibility and versatility are necessary, Mirafi H 2 Ri -Series makes the difference for varying application needs including: Base Course Reinforcement Subgrade Stabilization Roadway & Railway Construction Frost Heave/Frost Boils Expansive Clay Soils PROPERTIES (MARV) Test Method Units H 2 Ri Minimum Average Roll Value (MARV) Strength Wide Width Tensile (CD) Wide Width 2% Strain (CD) D4595 D (77.0) 080 (5.8) Minimum Roll Value Hydraulic Permittivity D449 sec Flow Rate D449 gal/min/ft 2 (l/min/m 2 ) 30 (222) Soil Retention Apparent Opening Size (AOS) D475 U.S. Sieve (mm) 40 (0.43) Typical Roll Value Pore Size 050 D6767 microns 85 Pore Size 095 D6767 microns 95 Minimum Test Value Wet Front Movement (24 minutes) C559 2 inches 6.0 vertical direction Wet Front Movement (983 minutes) C559 2 inches 73.3 horizontal direction Patent # s 8,070,395 STP : Standard Temperature and Pressure 2 Modified

6 Mirafi MPG Pavement Solutions Composite Paving Grids PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Mirafi MPG4 is a multi-axial composite paving interlayer comprised of a lightweight polypropylene fabric reinforced with continuous filament fiberglass, mechanically fastened in the machine, cross and bias angle directions. This unique patent pending paving interlayer is designed for highly distressed pavement conditions and in addition, the material provides a moisture barrier against further moisture intrusion. The lightweight polypropylene fabric requires less asphalt tack, saving on installation costs without compromising performance. Mirafi MPG is a glass reinforced paving composite comprised of fiberglass filament yarn incorporated into a nonwoven polypropylene paving fabric. This composite paving grid combines the excellent reinforcing properties of glass filaments with optimum liquid asphalt retention capacity of an AASHTO nonwoven paving fabric. FEATURES AND BENEFITS Reinforcement. Provides high tensile strength at low strain rates (< 3%). Cost effectiveness. Suitable for full width overlay, local patch and joint repair. Sealing. Asphalt saturated paving fabric reduces water intrusion into pavement structure. Longevity. Maintenance intervals are considerably extended. Stress relief. Retards crack propagation from the old surface to the new overlay. Adhesive bonding. Provides uniform bonding between old and new asphalt layers. Installation. Easily installed with conventional equipment. Recycling. Can be milled without problem. Mirafi MPG paving composite grid products are specifically designed for full width applications in the construction and repair of flexible (asphalt) and rigid (concrete) pavements. Mirafi MPG paving composite is ideal for: Highways Urban Streets Airports Bridge Decks Parking Lots Shopping Centers PROPERTIES Test Method Units MPG00 MPG4 Tensile 0º D6637 lbs/in 655 (5) 459 (80) Tensile 90º Method A modified lbs/in 655 (5) 459 (80) Tensile 45º 459 (80) Tensile Elongation % < 3 < 3 Melting Point D276 Fº (Cº) Glass filaments are incombustible and temperature resistant up to 752º (400º) Asphalt Retention D640 gal/yd2 (l/m2) 0.27 (.2) 0.7 (0.8) Mass/Unit Area D526 oz/yd2 (g/m2) 20.0 (678) 8.8 (637) Glass by Weight % NOTE: All values are average roll values unless stated otherwise. Tensile strength values refer to strength of the glass filaments.

7 Mirafi MPV Nonwoven Asphalt Overlay Fabric TruPave Engineered Paving Mat Pavement Solutions MIRAFI MPV DESCRIPTION Mirafi MPV nonwoven asphalt overlay systems are needle punched, heatset, polypropylene nonwoven fabrics with high asphalt absorption and specifically designed for asphalt overlay applications. FEATURES & BENEFITS Conforms with AASHTO M guidelines for paving fabrics Provides a waterproof barrier for subgrade soil protection Retards the propagation of an existing crack through the new overlay (reflective cracking) Extends the useful life of overlays Strengthens entire pavement system Highways Bridges Runways Streets Parking Lots Basketball Courts Tennis Courts Running Tracks Golf Cart Paths Playgrounds TRUPAVE PAVING MAT DESCRIPTION TruPave is a hybrid fiberglass and polyester paving mat, that when saturated in asphalt cement, forms a monolithic water barrier to limit water intrusion in the pavement. In addition, TruPave has high tensile strength at low elongation (strain), that is, energy is absorbed and dispersed, mitigating the advent of reflective cracking. FEATURES & BENEFITS Millable and recyclable: TruPave will breakdown under milling operations due to the unique use of fiberglass and polyester fibers. Improves fatigue resistance in flexible pavements. TruPave s unique nonwoven fiber matrix construction provides for a multi-directional, 360 o stress relief interlayer. As pavements exhibit cracking in all directions, TruPave s tensile strength and low elongation attributes are translated to the pavement section, mitigating further crack development; in all directions. Helps to reduce the long-term maintenance and rehabilitation costs associated with pavements. Withstands the higher temperatures of today s hot mix asphalt paving mixes. Highways Urban Streets Airports Bridge Decks Parking Lots Shopping Centers MIRAFI MPV TRUPAVE PROPERTIES Test Method Units MPV 400 MPV 500 MPV 600 MPV 700 PROPERTIES Test Method Units TruPave Max Grab Tensile Strength D4632 lbs (N) 90 (40) 0 (450) 25 (556) 50 (668) Tensile Strength (MD) D5035 lbf/2 in 80 Grab Tensile Elongation D4632 % Tensile Strength (CD) D5035 lbf/2 in 70 Asphalt Retention 3 D640 gal/yd 2 (l/m 2 ) 0.20 (0.9) 0.20 (0.9) 0.22 (.0) 0.25 (.4) Tensile Strength (bias angle) D50352 lbf/2 in 70 Melting Point 3 D276 F ( C) 320 (60) 320 (60) 320 (60) 320 (60) load D5035 % <5 Mass Per Unit Area D526 oz/yd 2 (g/m 2 ) 3.5 (9) 4. (40) 4.6 (56) 6.0 (203) Melting Point 3 ED276 Fº (Cº) >446 (>230) NOTE: All Mechanical Properties and Hydraulic Properties shown are Minimum Average Roll Values (MARV). MD: Machine Direction, CD: Cross-Machine Direction In paving applications, bias angle tensile strength can be a factor in mitigating multi-directional crack propagation 2 Modified test sample is cut on a 450 angle and tested according to D5035.

8 Mirafi N-Series Nonwoven Polypropylene Geotextile Drainage & Filtration PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Mirafi N-Series nonwoven polypropylene geotextiles are geotextiles comprised of polypropylene staple fibers. Mirafi N-Series nonwoven polypropylene geotextiles provide excellent physical and hydraulic properties in addition to high tensile strengths. FEATURES AND BENEFITS Construction. Mirafi N-Series nonwoven polypropylene geotextiles easily conform to the ground or trench surface for trouble-free installation. Strength. Mirafi N-Series nonwoven polypropylene geotextiles withstand severe installation stresses with high puncture and burst resistance. Filtration. High permeability properties provide high water flow rates while providing excellent filtration properties. Environmental. Mirafi N-Series nonwoven polypropylene geotextiles are chemically stable in a wide range of aggressive environments. Cost effective. Mirafi N-Series nonwoven polypropylene geotextiles provide economical solutions to many civil engineering applications including a cost-effective alternative to graded-aggregate filters. Mirafi N-Series nonwoven polypropylene geotextiles are used in a wide variety of applications including separation, filtration, and protection applications. Lightweight nonwovens are predominantly used for subsurface drainage applications along highways, within embankments, under airfields, and athletic fields. For these drainage structures to be effective, they must have a properly designed protective filter. Heavyweight nonwovens are use in critical subsurface drainage systems, soil separation, permanent erosion control, and geomembrane liner protection within landfills. These geotextiles provide the required strength and abrasion resistance to withstand installation and application stresses to create an effective, long-term solution. PROPERTIES Minimum Average Roll Value (MARV) Grab Tensile Strength Grab Tensile Elongation Trapezoid Tear Strength CBR Puncture Strength Maximum Opening Size Apparent Opening Size Minimum Roll Value Permittivity Flow Rate Minimum Test Value UV Resistance (at 500 hrs) Test Method D4632 D4632 D4533 D624 D475 D449 D449 D4355 Units 40NL 40NC 40N 60N 70N 80N 00N 20N 60N lbs (N) (40) (445) (534) (72) (80) (92) (3) (335) (69) % lbs (N) 40 (78) 45 (200) 50 (223) 60 (267) 75 (334) lbs (N) (3) (3) (380) (825) (2003) US Sieve (mm) (0.30) (0.22) (0.22) (0.22) (0.22) 80 (356) 500 (2224) 80 (0.8) 00 (445) 5 (52) (35) (3560) (0.5) (0.5) 40 (623) 025 (456) 00 (0.5) sec gal/min/ft (l/min/m2) (5907) (5704) (5500) (448) (4278) (3870) (3056) (2648) (2037) % strength

9 Mirafi FW-Series Woven Monofilament Polypropylene Geotextile Drainage & Filtration PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Mirafi FW woven monofilament polypropylene geotextiles are woven fabrics of monofilament and multifilament yarn construction which are highly UV stabilized. Mirafi FW woven monofilament polypropylene geotextiles have high strengths for durability and survivability; consistent, measurable pore sizes; and high percent open area for long-term clogging resistance and high flow rates. Mirafi FW woven monofilament polypropylene geotextiles are manufactured with highly specialized processes to produce unique physical and hydraulic properties not possible with standard geotextiles, woven or nonwoven. FEATURES AND BENEFITS Filtration. Resists clogging while maintaining flow rate in high gradient and dynamic flow conditions. Exhibits high percent open area. Strength. High survivability rating in aggressive installation and loading conditions such as back dumping of large rip rap or underwater placement. Performance. Resistant to chemicals in aggressive landfill environments. Highly uniform opening size (AOS). Maintains high long-term flow rates. Underneath rip rap or concrete revetment systems along inland waterways and coastal shorelines. Underneath armor systems; protecting spillways and embankment dams from overtopping flow. Encapsulating cut-off drains and collection systems surrounding landfills, within dams, and adjacent to roadways and other critical structures. Encapsulating leachate collection systems under landfills while maintaining long-term clogging resistance. Encapsulating edge drains for critical structures in problematic soils. PROPERTIES Test Method Units FW300 FW402 FW403 FW404 FW500 FW700 Minimum Average Roll Value (MARV) Grab Tensile Strength (MD) D4632 lbs (N) (780) (624) (89) (780) (669) (647) Grab Tensile Strength (CD) D4632 lbs (N) (49) (890) (558) (402) (669) (3) Grab Tensile Elongation (MD/CD) D4632 % 20/5 24/0 2/2 5/5 5/8 5/5 Trapezoid Tear Strength (MD) D4533 lbs (N) (645) (52) (645) (668) (534) (445) Trapezoid Tear Strength (CD) D4533 lbs (N) (556) (334) (556) (734) (534) (267) CBR Puncture Strength D624 lbs (N) (5563) (3004) (5963) (58) (5340) (4228) Maximum Opening Size Apparent Opening Size D475 US Sieve (mm) (0.60) (0.425) (0.425) (0.425) (0.30) (0.22) Minimum Roll Value Permittivity D449 sec Flow Rate D449 gal/min/ft (l/min/m 2 ) (4685) (5907) (2852) (2852) (6) (733) NOTE: MD: Machine Direction, CD: Cross Direction Cross direction yarns are slit film.

10 Miragrid XT Uniaxial Geogrid Miramesh Biaxial Geosynthetics Retaining Walls & Slopes MIRAGRID XT DESCRIP- TION Miragrid XT uniaxial geogrids are high strength, high tenacity, high molecular weight polyester geogrids in a full range of tensile strengths to meet the most demanding applications of soil reinforcement. Miragrid XT uniaxial geogrids are woven and then coated with a polymer coating to provide dimensional stability. FEATURES AND BENEFITS NTPEP Evaluated No Recoiling Flexible and Tough Lightweight Cost Effective Easy Handling Wide Rolls Custom Fabrication of Rolls High Long Term Design Strengths (LTDS) Applications where long term design strength is necessary for the stability of the structure are ideal applications where Miragrid XT uniaxial geogrids can be used, including: MSE Walls Steep Reinforced Slopes Reinforcement in Landfill Applications Embankments PROPERTIES Test Method Units 2XT 3XT 5XT 7XT 8XT 0XT 20XT 22XT 24XT Wide Width Tensile Ultimate (MD) D6637 (Method B) 2000 (29.2) 3500 (5.) 4700 (68.6) 5900 (86.) 7400 (08.0) 9500 (38.6) 3705 (200.0) (300.0) 2745 (400.0) Creep Rupture 2 Strength (MD) D5262/D (20.0) 244 (35.2) 324 (47.3) 4069 (59.4) 503 (74.5) 6552 (95.6) 9452 (37.9) 479 (206.9) 8907 (275.9) Long Term Design 3 Strength (MD) silty sand 42 (7.0) 999 (29.2) 2684 (39.2) 3370 (49.2) 3927 (57.3) 5042 (73.6) 7540 (0.0) 3 (65.0) 5083 (220.) Minimum Average Roll Values (MARV) shown above are based on QC Testing per a defined lot not to exceed 2 months. Testing Frequency follows D4354, Table year design life based on NTPEP Report REGEO and REGEO Long Term Design Strength for Type 3 Backfill (Silty Sand), 6-inch lift / 25,000-lb roller. RFCR =.45; RFID =.05; RFD =.5 (Installation damage reduction factor for other soils available upon request). MIRAMESH DESCRIPTION Miramesh GR is an open mesh, biaxial geosynthetic designed specifically to be a face wrap material for steepened slope applications. Miramesh SG combines the biaxial geosynthetic with synthetic grass green fibers to produce a finished grass face without the need for vegetation. FEATURES AND BENEFITS Vegetation Support Strength Color Highly Flexible UV Stability Vegetated Face Miramesh provides surface erosion protection and secondary reinforcement. The erosion protection facilitates establishment of vegetation and provides structural support for the forming of over-steepened slopes. Slopes: Vegetated & Wrapped Face Walls: Permanent & Temporary PROPERTIES Test Method Units GR FR TR Tensile Ultimate (MD/CD) Creep Reduced Strength (MD) Long Term Allowable Design Load (MD) D4595 D5262 GRI GT-7 (sand, silt, clay) 440/733 (2.0/25.3) 47 (6.9) 407 (5.9) 440/733 (2.0/25.3) 47 (6.9) 407 (5.9) 200/200 (30.6/30.6) 686 (0.0) 594 (8.7) Aperture Size (MD/CD) in (mm).08 (2)/.08 (2).08 (2)/.08 (2) 0.08 (2)/.2 (3) Life Expectancy See Note 2 years Product Application Color Permanent Green Flame Retardant Black NOTE: Values shown are minimum average roll values. Minimum Test Value 2 Extrapolated from the average half-life based on D7238 (QUV). Data also found in the Mirafi Durability Technical Note. Temporary Black

11 Mirafi -Series Woven High-Strength Polyester Geotextiles Embankments PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Mirafi woven high-strength polyester geotextiles are woven geotextiles comprised of high tenacity, high molecular weight polyester yarns. Mirafi woven high-strength polyester geotextiles yield ultimate tensile strengths up to 68,500 (000 kn/m), machine direction, per D4595 and Long Term Design Strengths up to 35,600 (520 kn/m) per GRI-GT7. Mirafi woven high-strength polyester geotextiles combine the properties of high tensile strength with excellent creep resistance to provide superior long term design strengths. FEATURES AND BENEFITS Creep Resistance. Polyester fibers provide excellent creep resistance which results in higher long term design strengths per GRI-GT7 requirements. Strength. Higher tensile strength than any comparable product. Soil Interaction. Excellent soil confinement resulting in greater load distribution. Seams. Panels can be sewn together in the factory or field to facilitate installation. Cost. Woven reinforcement geotextiles provide low cost strengths for reinforced soil structures. For any application where long term design of earth reinforcement structures are involved, Mirafi woven high-strength polyester geotextiles is the logical choice. Because of their flexibility and versatility, woven geotextiles are used in a variety of soil reinforcement applications, including: Embankments on Soft Foundations Retaining Walls Steepened Slopes Liner Support Voids Bridging Reinforcement Over Soft, Hazardous Pond Closures PROPERTIES Test Method Units 70/ /50 600/00 000/00 Wide Width Tensile Strength Ultimate (MD) D (70.0) 7200 (05.) 0283 (50) 3800 (20.4) (300.4) 2747 (400) 424 (600) (000) 5% Strain (MD) D (5.8) 2400 (35.0) 3600 (52.5) 6000 (87.6) 8400 (22.6) 9594 (40) 4400 (20) (400) 0% Strain (MD) D (49.0) 5760 (84.0) 9000 (3.3) 2000 (75.) 6800 (245.) n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Creep Reduced Strength D (42.0) 4320 (63.0) 670 (90.0) 8280 (20.8) 2348 (80.2) 6447 (240) (360) 43 (600) Long Term Design Strength (MD) GRI-GT7 (sand, silt, clay) 2280 (33.2) 3420 (49.9) 4877 (7.2) 6545 (95.5) 0205 (48.9) 3590 (98.3) (298) (496) Permittivity D449 sec n/a n/a n/a NOTE: All Mechanical Properties and Hydraulic Properties shown are Minimum Average Roll Values (MARV). MD: Machine Direction, CD: Cross-Machine Direction Machine Direction; based on third party testing.

12 TenCate develops and produces materials that increase performance, reduce costs and enable people to achieve what was once unachievable. Our goal is to contribute significantly to progress in the industries in which we work. Mirafi RSi-Series Mirafi H 2 Ri Mirafi N-Series Mirafi FW-Series Miragrid XT-Series Mirafi CR-Series TRANSPORTATION Separation / Site Drainage 3 3 Stabilization Roadway Reinforcement 3 3 EROSION PROTECTION Armored Revetment Systems REINFORCED SOIL Segmental Retaining Walls 3 Temporary Retaining Walls 3 Steepened Slopes 3 Embankments on Soft Soils ENVIRONMENTAL Waste Lagoon Capping 3 3 Voids Bridging 3 3 Veneer Reinforcement 3 3 Geomembrane Protection 3 TenCate Geosynthetics Americas assumes no liability for the accuracy or completeness of this information or for the ultimate use by the purchaser. TenCate Geosynthetics Americas disclaims any and all express, implied, or statutory standards, warranties or guarantees, including without limitation any implied warranty as to merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or arising from a course of dealing or usage of trade as to any equipment, materials, or information furnished herewith. This document should not be construed as engineering advice. Mirafi, Miragrid, and Miramesh are registered trademarks of Nicolon Corporation 205 TenCate Nicolon. All Rights Reserved.