A CASE STUDY OF FORMULATING BENTONITE DRILLING MUD FROM LOCAL BENTONITE CLAY (SAMPLE FROM NASSARA W A STATE)

Transcription

1 A CASE STUDY OF FORMULATING BENTONITE DRILLING MUD FROM LOCAL BENTONITE CLAY (SAMPLE FROM NASSARA W A STATE) By ISAH UMAR LAFIA (200S/217S3EH)..!/ll DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA.' NIGERIA November, 2010

2 A CASE STUDY OF FORMULATING BENTONITE DRILLING MUD FROM LOCAL BENTONITE CLAY (SAMPLE FROM NASSARA WA STATE) BY ISAH UMAR LAFIA (2005/21753EH) A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIMENT FOR THE A WARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B. ENG) DEGREE IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING NOVEMBER 2010

3 Declaration I declared that the work in this project report on the CASE STUDY OF FORMULATING BENTONITE DRILLING MUD FROM BENTONITE CLAY has been perfonned (carried out) by me under the supervision OfPJOF. ABERUAGBA. F. No part of this project report was presented for another Degree or DIploma else where at any institution to the best of my knowledge.?-71i1ud I Date ii '\

4 Certification This is to certify that this research Project work title A CASE STUDY OF FORMULATING BENTONITE DRILLING MUD FROM BENTONITE CLAY(sample from Nassarawa state) by Isah Umar Lafia (2005/21753EH) meet the requirement for the partial fulfillment of the award of Bachelor of Engineering (B. ENG) Degree in Chemical Engineering Federal University of Technology Minna PROF. ABERUAGBA. F Date Project supervisor PROF. ABERUAGBA. F Date Head of department External supervisor.' Date iii

5 Dedication I dedicate this project to almighty Allah (subhanahu wa Ta" ala). The lord of the world. Then to the memory of my beloved mother mallama Salamat Isah and my noble father Alh Isah Mohammed Social who have been taking proper care of me since my childhood. I pray to Allah (subhanahu wa Ta" ala) to bless them more than they did nurture me since my childhood (Ameen).' iv

6 Acknowledgment Praise be to almighty Allah (S. W.A) who guide me through to the end of this project. Also my regards to my supervisor PROF. ABERUAGBAF. For his guidance, assistance and fatherly advice. I must express my regard to the entire staff of Chemical Engineering Department Federal University of Technology minna. Also my regard entire family starting from my father Alh Isah Mohammed Social and my step mother Hajiya Hajarat ISah' Also to my brothers: Brother Ahmed, Dr. A Shero, Mr S. Mora, Mr B. Kora, A. Yaru, Ibrahim Igwe, J. Saka, A Gunu, T.P.L. Sime, M. Lafia and my special sisters Hawahu Kulu, Aishat, Khadijat Dije, Amina and Zulai for their support, urges, financially, good advice, patience and endurance during the cause of my study. Also my regard to my wifes and children Hauwa Shero, Aishat Mora,Talatu Kora, Mummy,Mustapha, Kamila, Abdul, Nazirat and Zaiyanu. Never forgetting my Uncles Alfa Idris and his family, Mr Hassan, Mr Hussani, Manma Sabi, G.Aliyu and PC. Adamu may Allah (S.W.T) be with them all. Finally my regard and thanks to my friends Eng. Yusuf, Eng. Musty, Eng.M.D, Aliyu, Shehu, Abubakari.T, Atiku. G, Mr Wale, Yunusa Sabi, Haruna. G, Attairu. K, Alfa Ibrahim, Bala. S, Tanimu, Abdulhak, Haruna. K, Danimam, D. Boni, Abu Nda, Eng. Mahamud, Abdul. G,Umar Abubakari, Lami and my future partner Zuwerat. J. for their '. patience and good advice. To a lot of other people I have not mentioned due to space and time factor, I say may Allah (subhanahu wa Ta" ala) be with you all. v

7 Abstract This project aimed at formulation of bentonite drilling mud using local bentonite clay. Barite and moldstar (starch) as additives. The research work was carried out to produce a mud that will serve as best alternative to the drilling operation, and find out the best proportion of bentonite (clay), barite and moldstar (starch) for the formulation of bentonite drilling mud. Distilled water was measured using measuring cylinder and poured in to labor~tory bowl. Bentonite clay, barite and moldstar (starch) were measured using digital. weighing balance and each of the factors were then poured on to the surface of the, measured distilled water. The content in the bowl was stirred thoroughly until there was complete hydration by the three factors and the solution was left for ten minute. After ten minute it was discovered that the solution become c01llpletely homogeneous and thickened (viscous). This was done for six run at different variation of the three factors and the W, volume of water was kept constant. Testing procedures were carried out on the drilling muds to determined their properties such rheological properties, filtration volume and power law index, were followed technically to achieved desire result. From the research work, the rheological properties of bentonite drilling muds were high. All muds formulated can be applied in terms plastic viscosity and filtration volume. Result shown at ten sec and ten min gel strength sample A3, As and A6 can be applied. But in terms of improving the hole cleaning and penetration rate of mud for proper hole cleaning samples As and A6 can be applied compared to other samples. It can be concluded samples As anda6 give us the best formulation that met up with the API specification and can be used as drilling mud. vi

8 TABLE OF CONTENT Title page...'.. i Declaration... ii Certification...iii Dedication...iv Acknowledgement... v Abstract... vi Table of contents... vii List of table... x ChapJer one 1.0. Introduction ' Aim and Objective Approach... ~ Scope of work Justification... 3 Chapter two 2.0 Literature Review A Brief History of Drilling Mud Drilling F1uid.:: Bentonite Drilling Mud Functions of Bentonite Drilling Fluids Classification of Drilling Mud (fluid) Properties and characteristics of a drilling fluid Viscosity or thickness Density... : vii

9 2.6.3 Gel strength Filtration ph the acidity and alkalinity level Sand content Composition of Drilling Mud General uses of Bentonite... '"..., Drilling Mud Ingredient Control of Drilling Fluid Properties Beneficiation of Bentonite Chapter three 3.0 Methodology Equipment and Material Used Experimental Procedures Sample Collection Formulation of Bentonite Drilling Mud Run one... ~ Determination of Formulated Bentonite Drilling Muds Properties Determination of Plastic viscosity, Apparent Viscosity and Yield Point Determination of gel strength Determination of filtration volume 'viii

10 Chapter four 4.0 Results and Discussion Experimental results Rheology results... ' Gel strength 10-sec and 10-min Results Filtration volume Discussion of Results... ' Comparative Discussion of Plastic viscosity, Apparent viscosity, Yield point and the Power law index Comparative Discussion of gel strength and Filtration volume..., Chapter five 5.0 Conclusions and recommendation Conclusions... : Recommendations References ' Appendices ix

11 List of table Table Page Table 2.1: Standard Specification for Drilling grade Bentonite Table 3.1: List of equipment used for experiment Table 3.2: List of Material used for the Experiment Table 3.3: Formulation of Bentonite Drilling Mud by varying the Factors Table 4.1: Data on rheology for 600 rpm and 300 rpm Table 4.2: 10-sec and 10-min gel strengths..., Table 4.3: show the data obtained for filtration volume of bentonite drilling mud formulated Table 4.4: show the data obtained from tested and calculated for each samples of bentonite drilling mud formulated... ~ ' x