CHAPTER - III RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES PROGRAMME IN ANDHRA PRADESH AND IN THE RAYALASEEMA REGION

Transcription

1 CHAPTER - III RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES PROGRAMME IN ANDHRA PRADESH AND IN THE RAYALASEEMA REGION

2 Impetus to village and rural crafts in rural areas not only provides employment opportunities to the rural artisans but also lays foundation for the edifice of the rural industrial structure. The Census-data of 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991 reveal that the position of rural artisans became miserable, resulting in their migration to urban areas for their livelihood as these household-industries became un competitive and obsolete in the face of the competition of machine-made goods. Lack of institutional mechanism also forced their decline. This forced the Central and the State Governments to take remedial measures by announcing Industrial policy of 1956, aiming at the rural industrialization. And again, on May 1978, the DICs were also set up for the wide dispersal of Village and Cottage and Small Scale industries in rural areas, providing employment opportunities to rural artisans for their betterment. It also laid emphasis on the development of institutional structure in rural areas and training facilities. Rural Artisan Complexes Programme (RACP) was taken up under this Agency (DIC) in the States like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Gujarat from 1981 in a comprehensive manner. These complexes provide residence-cum-worksheds or workshed-cum-stores by making available better living and working conditions to those artisans who do not possess any land or a house in the village.1 These complexes are constructed generally on the outskirts of villages each complex having about twenty artisans. The present chapter deals with the size and structure of Rural Artisan Complexes in Andhra Pradesh in general and in the Rayalaseema region in particular. The idea of promoting Rural Artisan Complexes (RAC) took place in a democratic way at a conference of the Presidents of Panchayat Samithis, held at Hyderabad (AP State), during 19-20, September, 1981, which recommended the constitution of a working group in a democratic way to suggest means and methods in the development of Rural Artisan Complexes in the State. The working group recommended the following steps for the promotion and development of Small Scale, Village and Cottage Industries in the State of Andhra Pradesh. a. Preparation of Cluster schemes for house-cum-workshed complex in 2 or 3 villages where there is concentration of artisans (approximately 20 families and

3 above) and securing the necessary financial and marketing aid, through different agencies; b. Formation of mini-industrial estates at the samithi and district level with minimum of ten entrepreneurs by the Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation, Limited, Andhra Pradesh Small Scale Industrial Development Corporation Limited, or by Industrial Development Corporation Limited, or by Industrial Co-operatives. The Government of Andhra Pradesh passed orders, vide GO.Ms. No. 18, dated , to establish Rural Artisan Complexes in all the district of the State4. 69 RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES PROGRAMME (RACP) : Rural Artisan Complexes Programme was conceived as a new deal to the rural artisans by providing House-cum-Worksheds, improved tools and implements, credit requirements, marketing facilities and other common facilities, for 2 or 3 villages where there is concentration of artisans (i.e more than 20 families) for improving their productivity and quality of goods. Training on improved tools and techniques also was arranged under TRYSEM programme, to enable the artisans to earn higher income and cross the poverty-line. OBJECTIVES OF RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES PROGRAMME : 1. Prompting industrial cultural in rural areas; 2. Improving the skills of the artisans in order to increase the employment opportunities to the millions of unemployed artisans in the country side; 3. Upgradation of existing infrastructural facilities; and 4. Augmenting the earnings of artisans and thereby uplifting the weaker sections living below the poverty-line. CATEGORIES OF RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES On the basis of size of workshed, provision of working capital and tools/equipment, the DIC were classified into four categories in the State. The categories of the Rural Artisan Complexes in the State are mentioned as under :

4 70 Category I Artisans under this category, in group, would be asked to work under one roof in a common-workshed and property that belongs to all the participating artisans. Category II It is an individual house-cum-workshed. The property of house-cum-workshed is owned by the individual who would carry out his own traditional artisan work. Category III It is called lean-to-roof-model. Here the artisan has already his existing shed and the financial agency will provide small workshed with inputs called tools and working capital attached to existing house. Category IV In this complex, no additional infrastructure will be provided since the artisans will be having their building along with other facilities to carry out work. Only assistance for tools and working capital will be provided to avoid additional burden. Since , Anantapur and Cuddapah disticts have had second category; fourth category of Rural Artisan Complexes have been established in Chittoor and Kurnool districts. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAMME The Secretary to the Government of Andhra Pradesh (Small Scale Industries) advised on 20th January, 1982, to the Collectors of the Rayalaseema Region and other District Collectors in the State to take up the construction of housecum-workshed complexes in each samithi in a phased manner. He wanted the construction of housing complex for artisans in the selected village or in a

5 71 Samithi, where the artisans are concentrated. For this purpose, about Rs.1.00 crore was sanctioned by the Government of Andhra Pradesh under National Rural Employment Programme (NREP), for the housing programme during the financial year The housing complex which it was proposed to be dovetailed with the workshed-cum-stores scheme in the Rural Artisan Complexes being established by the DIC in consultation with Panchayat Samithi. Thus, in conceiving as well as grounding of the scheme, i.e. identification and establishment, the locally elected component is given prominence to ensure better dispensation of justice to the locals. Land The requirement of land for each complex will be about one acre and it should be situated in close proximity to the village for convenience of the artisans. The Rural Artisan Complexes are to be constructed in the land belonging to the Panchayat. In case, such a piece of land is not available, suitable land has to be selected. And this may have to be acquired by Panchayat Samithi meeting the cost out of its funds and place it at the disposal of the DIC for the establishment of the C complex. Depending upon the availability of entrepreneurs, Mini-Industrial Estates which are either multi-functional or uni-functional may be planned and constructed. The beneficiaries of these should be in the proportion of 50 percent for SCs; 10 percent for STs; 30 percent for BCs; and 10 per cent for EBCs. Identification The identification and selection of the villages and the artisans for the complex should be made by the General Manager of the DIC concerned, Project Director of D.R.D.R, District Development Officer, Block Development Officer and the representative of the participating Bank in the Scheme. Each Rural Artisan Complex should at least have 20 beneficiaries. Finance The funds required for this scheme are mobilised from the various agencies like D.R.D.A, SC/BC Corporations, Andhra Pradesh Khadi and Village Industries

6 72 Board, Nationalised Banks apart from the funds available under Rural Industries Programme / Rural Artisan Programme of the Industries Department. According to the Government order (GO) Ms.No.18, dated , Industries and Commerce (RIP) Department, the Government of Andhra Pradesh, the financial implication of a model scheme for a complex consisting of 20 artisans are estimated as mentioned here under: Statement of Financial Requirement for Grounding an Rural Artisan Complex S.No. Item For each artisan (in Rs.) Total cost of complex (in Rs.) Percentage 1. Cost of workshed- 6, ,20, cum-store (20 X 15 =300 sq.ft) 2. Tools and implements 1, , Working capital 2, , Total Cost 9, ,80, Source : Commissioner of Industries and Commerce, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. Guidelines for Allotment of Loans a. Out of the estimated cost of Rs. 9,000/-, subsidy shall be provide to each beneficiary by DRDA, as allowable under rule ranging from per cent to 50 per cent.

7 73 b. 20 per cent of the cost of scheme shall be provided as margin money loan either under special employment scheme by SC/BC Corporation or DIC. c. The balance amount shall be obtained as loan from Schedule Banks participating in the scheme under composite loan scheme. Role of Banks In order to grounding of Rural Artisan Complexes at rural and semi-urban areas the following Banks agreed. Statement of Banks and Districts covered by them to Extend Financial Assistance for Rural Artisan Complexes in the State. S.No. Name of the participating bank in the scheme Districts adopted 1. State Bank of India Medak, Warangal, Mahaboob- Nagar, Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Krishna, Guntur, East and West Godavari districts. 2. Syndicate Bank Prakasam, Nellore, Anantapur Cuddapah and Kurnool districts. 3. Central Bank of India Nizamabad, Khammam, Nelgonda and Ranga Reddy districts. 4. State Bank of Hyderabad Adilabad, Krimnagar. 5. Indian Bank Chittoor. Source : Commission of Industries and Commerce, Hyd. A.P., The loan sanctioned under composite loan scheme with 12.5 per cent interest rate, on the basis of the assets created out of the loans and grants as security. The repayment period for the loan is fixed at seven years as envisaged in the composite loan scheme. The intention of the Government is not that these Banks will alone

8 74 finance for all complexes in the districts. In fact, the Government held the view that the active co-operation and participation by all Banks in the State is necessary for successful implementation of the scheme. Hence, the other Banks were expected to participate in the scheme. The Table 3.1 represents about the district-wise size of Rural Artisan Complexes, number of beneficiaries and total outlay. By the end of March, 1993, the total member of complexes grounded at 606, providing assistance to 13,813 artisans with the outlay of Rs lakhs in the State. The table also shows that Kurnool district ranks first in the State in respect of grounding the largest number of complexes, beneficiaries and total financial outlay. It is followed by Medak, Srikakulam, Nalkonda and Anantapur districts. Adilabad district occupies that last rank in this matter. It was only 1.9 per cent of the total Rural Artisan Complexes were grounded in the State. Further, it is mentioned that below five per cent of the total complexes were grounded in five districts in the State. The table also shows that Coastal Andhra stands in the first place, covering 241 complexes for 5,016 beneficiaries with an outlay of Rs lakhs. Telangana Region ranks second in respect of grounding the number of complexes, beneficiaries and financial outlay, which accounts for 227, 4,543 and lakhs lakhs respectively, Further, Rayalaseema Region occupies the last rank in the State, accounting at 138 complexes covering 3,654 beneficiaries, with an outlay of Rs lakhs. INTEGRATED ARTISAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (IADP) It is a fact that there are some constraints and difficulties in the implementation of Rural Artisan Complexes Programme. The Banks do not release the money in time. In addition to this, the District Industries Centres do not have adequate technical staff to supervise the upcoming of the artisan complexes and have to depend on Panchayat Raj Department to spare the services of technical staff. In order to have a better coordination among different departments at various levels, the Rural Artisan Complexes Programme was modified as Integrated Artisan Development Programme during The main thrust of this

9 TABLE DETAILS OF NUMBER OF COMPLEXES AND FINANCIAL OUTLAY UNDER RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES PRQ6RAMME <RACP> IN ANDHRA PRADESH CUpto ) SI. District Total Benefi» to Financial % to Rank No. No. of ciaries total out1ay total for complexes complexes (Rs. in financial col 1akhs) outlay i. COASTAL 1. Srikakulam Vizayanagaram Vishakapatnam East Godavari West Godavari Krishna Guntur Prakasam Nellore Ijl RAYALASEEMA 10. Chittoor Cuddapah Anantapur Kurnool Ci. TELEN6ANA 14. Mahaboob Nagar Khammam Warangal Adilabad Nizamabad Karim Nagar Nalgonda Medak Range Reddy Total <A+B+C> SOURCE t Cammiasionsr of Industries & Commerce, Govt, of A.P., Hyderabad, A.P

10 76 programme was to develop the living conditions of rural artisans by providing them house site and housing under Rural Housing Scheme along with infrastructural facilities like roads, drinking water and electricity etc.. OBJECTIVES OF THE SCHEME The objectives of the Government of Andhra Pradesh was to provide remunerative job-opportunities to rural artisans and to uplift the weaker sections of the community above the poverty-line; to create industrial culture in the countryside; to stop the migration of population to cities9. FUNCTIONS OF THE SCHEME a. Construction of residence-cum-workshed with provision of basic amenities (cluster approach); b. Skill development, supply of improved tools and modern equipment (use of appropriate technology) and product diversification; c. Institutional arrangement for financing the programme; and d. Setting-up of State Level and District level organisationsi. to supply of scarce raw material; ii. to market the finished products; and iii. to provide infrastructural facilities to the complexes/clusters. RESIDENCE-CUM-WORKSHED Identification The District Industries Centre ascertains the concentration of artisans who are willing to work under the scheme of Rural Artisan Complexes Programme in the rural areas of district concerned through a field survey. Then, the authorities of the DIC would select beneficiaries. The beneficiaries would be provided with well-laid-out plots at one place with provision of internal roads and open places for community purpose (marketing complexes or others) and the beneficiaries who do

11 77 not having house site may be ascertained before the programme is implemented. The selected beneficiaries would be provided houses under rural housing scheme of State Housing Corporation Limited. In his scheme, Unit cost, Subsidy and Margin money are made available to the beneficiaries as in the case of Rural Artisan Complexes Progrmme. Skill Development and Product Diversification Needed training programmes were prepared in consultation with Small Industries Service Institute (SISI), Productivity Council of India and other organisations concerned like, Self-Employment Training Programme (STEP) for diversification of traditional works for production and marketing to the artisan beneficiaries. Institutional Finance Banks provide loans to artisans under the composite loan scheme to buy necessary equipment and raw materials. The loan amount ranging from Rs. 5,000/- to Rs. 10,000/- along with subsidy and margin money would be sanctioned for the benefit of the targeted group of SC s ST s and BC s. The loans would be routed through the Corporation concerned. National Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has been providing refinance facilities to the Commercial Banks, Co-operative Banks, Regional Rural Banks to finance to the rural artisans with a view to achieve accelerated development of Village and Cottage industries in rural areas. A package of incentives has been introduced in September The scheme envisags an assistance in the form of composite loan up to Rs. 30,000/- to the rural artisans. Co-operative Society About 20 artisans as the member of the Co-operative Society is registered under the Act of Registration of Co-operative Societies. Each Society will be the member of the General Body at the district level Co-operative Society. The district level societies are responsible to provide raw materials at reasonable prices. But

12 only a few artisans especially who are living in the complexes are getting these facilities as many artisans are not aware of these schemes. 78 Marketing In order to promote good demand for handicraft goods, the State level Organisations like Handicraft Corporation and Leather Industry Development Corporation (LIDCAP) are working with the assistance of both the Central and the State Governments. But in the absence of this kind of organisation at the district level, there is no adequate link between artisans and these Corporations. It is, therefore, felt the need of Rural Marketing Service Society to be established for the benefit of rural artisans in each district in the State. PROGRESS OF INTEGRATED ARTISANS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (IADP) IN ANDHRA PRADESH DURING TO The Government of Andhra Pradesh decided to construct 11 IADP complexes covering 227 beneficiaries in each district in the State during The progress made in this aspect during to , explained with the factual information presented in the Table 3.2. By the end of March 1993,100 IADP complexes were grounded for 2,868 beneficiaries with an outlay of Rs lakhs. In which coast Andhra stands first in this regard accounting at 43 complexes covering 1,187 beneficiaries with an outlay of Rs lakhs. It is followed by Telangana and the last rank is maintained by the Rayalaseema Region accounting for 23 complexes covering 766 beneficiaries with an outlay of Rs lakhs. It may be mentioned here, that Nellore district stands first rank in the State. It is rather disheartening to note that the IADP Complexes did not come up in two districts viz. West Godavari and Prakasam districts. It can be observed that the percentage of complexes both in RACP and IADP stood the same in the Rayalaseema Region in the above reference period. The Table 3.3 explains district-wise, the total number of complexes both Rural Artisan Complexes Programme (RACP) and Integrated Artisan Development

13 79 TABLE 3.2 DETAILS OF NUMBER OF COMPLEXES AND FINANCIAL OUTLAY UNDER INTEBRATED ARTISAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME UADP) IN ANDHRA PRADESH (Upto ) SI. District Total Benefi- X to Financial % to Rank No. No. of ciaries total outlay total for complexes complexes {Rs. in lakhs) financial col 3 out1ay flu COASTAL Srikakulam Vizayanagaram Vishakapatnam East Godavari Nest Godavari Krishna Guntur y r Prakasam Nellore B. RAYALASEEMA 10. Chittoor Cuddapah Anantapur Kurnool C*. TELEN6ANA 14. Mahaboob Nagar Khammam Warangal Adilabad Nizamabad Karim Nagar Nalgonda Medak Ranga Reddy Total (A+B+C) SOURCE t Commissioner of Industries & Commerce, Govt. of A.P., Hyderabad, A.P

14 TABLE DETAILS OF NUMBER OF COMPLEXES AND FINANCIAL OUTLAY FOR RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES (TOTH RACP AND 1ADP) IN ANDHRA PRADESH (Upto ) SI. District No. Total Benefi- No. of claries complexes X to Financial total outlay complexes IRs. in lakhs) % to Rank total for financial col.3. outlay A. COASTAL 1 Srikakulam Vizayanagaram 23 6 IB Vishakapatnam East Sodavari West Sodavari Krishna Suntur Prakasam Nellore B*. RAYALASEEMA 10 Chittoor Cuddapah Anantapur Kurnool Sjl telensana 14 Mahaboob Nagar Khammam Warangal Adilabad IS Nizamabad Karim Nagar Nalgonda Medak Ranga Reddy » Total IA+B+C) ,00 80W.CE Commissioner of Industries & Commerce, Sovt. of A.P., Hyderabad, A.P.

15 81 Programme (IADP) and their financial outlay.by the end March 1993, the Kurnool district had the largest number of complexes i.e., 62 covering 1,661 beneficiaries with an outlay of Rs lakhs. The Adilabad district occupies the last rank, accounting 16 complexes with 336 beneficiaries with an outlay of Rs lakhs. It may be mentioned here that the progress of these complexes is poor in the same reference period. This is because the promotional efforts and coordination between the Bank officials are weakened in the district. Regarding region-wise complexes, coastal Andhra ranks first accounting at 284 complexes, 6,803 beneficiaries with an outlay of Rs lakhs. It is followed by Telangana region (261 complexes 5,455 beneficiaries and Rs lakhs outlay) and Rayalaseema region covered with 161 complexes, 4,420 beneficiaries with an investment of Rs lakhs. It can be concluded that the rank position of the three regions is the same both in RACP and IADP. PROGRESS OF RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN ANDHRA PRADESH (BOTH PACP AND IADP) As per the information available form the records of Commissioner of Industries and Commerce, Hyderabad, the total number of complexes (both Rural Artisan Complexes Programme (RACP) and Integrated Artisan Development Programme (IADP) in Andhra Pradesh are presented in Table 3.4. By the end of March, 1993, the total number of complexes in the State accounted at 780 providing assistance to 18,105 artisans, in which Coastal Andhra had 301 complexes with 7,116 artisans, Telangana region had 272 complexes with 5,607 beneficiaries and Rayalaseema region had 207 complexes covering with 5,382 artisans. The table also shows that Kurnool district ranks first in respect of total number of complexes accounting at 80 complexes and Adilabad district stands in the last place accounting at 16 complexes in the State. It is noticed that the performance of these scheme is satisfactory only in 13 districts in the State, implying the fact that all the complexes are working effectively (Table 3.5). On the whole, about 94 per cent of the total complexes have been working in the State. About 53 per cent of the total complexes have been working

16 TABLE PROGRESS OF RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN ANDHRA PRADESH (As on ) SI. District Total established complexes Under implementation Ww» Complexes % Beneficiaries Complexes % Beneficiaries A. COASTAL i Srikakulam Vizayanagaram Vishakapatnam East Godavari Nest Godavari Krishna Guntur Prakasam Nellore (38.59) (41.86) B. RAYALASEEMA 10 Chittoor Cuddapah Anantapur Kurnool BO (26.54) (29.65) TELEN6ANA 14 Mahaboob Nagar IS Khammam Warangal Adilabad Nizamabad ~ _ - 19 Karim Nagar Nalgonda Hedak Ranga Reddy (34.87) (28.49) Total (A+8+C) (100) (100) SOURCE s Commissioner of Industries St Commerce, Govt, of A.P., Hyderabad, A.P

17 TABLE STATUS/POSITION OF RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN ANOUK PRADESH (Up to ) SI. Bistrict Total Total At present Total Percent- Percent- Not-xorking % of % of No. of No. of narking No. of age of age of complexes col. col. conple benefi- cooplt- benefi- col. 3 col to 4 to xts curies xes ciaries to 3 to 6 Caeple- Benefi establi- xcs cixrin shed 1 Srikakulaa A.COASTAL Vizayanagara* Visakhapatnae , East Sodavari Nest Sodavari Krishna _ Sontur Prakasae Nellore # B. RATALASEEHA 10 Chittoor Cuddapah Anantapur Kurnool ? ( S C.TELEH6ANA 14 Nahaboobnagar Khawa» ttarangai Adilabad Nizaaabad Karie Nagar Nalgonda Nedak ftanga Reddy 2B B Total {ft*b+c> 7BQ SOUSE : Cceeissioner of Industries 6 Cwewrce, Sovt. of A.P., Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh,

18 84 at present in Chittoor district, standing in the last place among other districts in the State. The table also shows that about 6.28 per cent of the total complexes were not working in the state. It is, therefore, necessary that promotional efforts should be taken up by both institutional and non-institutional sources, for smooth functioning of these complexes in these areas. PROGRESS OF RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN THE RAYALASEEMA REGION As per the records available from the Commission of Industries and Commerce, Hyderabad, the total number of Rural Artisan Complexes grounded in the Rayalaseema region is presented in Table 3.6. By the end of March, 1993, about 197 complexes were grounded covering 5,094 beneficiaries. Kurnool district had the highest number of complexes accounting for 80 followed by Anantapur (44 complexes), Cuddapah (37 complexes) and Chittoor district accounting for 35 complexes. The table also shows that of the total 5,094 beneficiaries covered under this scheme in the region, SCs are 1,962 (38.5%), STs are 557 (10.9%), BCs are 2,191 (43%) and the EBCs are 384 (7.5%). It can be understood that a significant priority have been given to the SC, ST and BC categories in the region. But, it is noticed that an insignificant priority had given to Schedule Tribe artisans in Kurnool district. Hence, special efforts should be taken by the concerned officials in this regard. The Table 3.7 represents about year-wise Rural Artisan Complexes in the Rayalaseema Region of Andhra Pradesh. About 27.4 per cent of the total complexes were grounded in the Rayalaseema region during It is followed by 19.3 per cent in It is revealed from the time series analysis that for every one year led to only three complexes are grounded in the region. It is sickening to note that there is gradual decrease in the grounding of Rural Artisan Complexes (RACP) from onwards (Figure 3.1). It is understood that

19 85 DISTRICT-WISE BENEFICIARIES UNDER RURAAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN THE RAYALASEEMA REGION S. District No. Total No. of Complexes Catogory-wise beneficiaries SCs STs BCs QCs Total 1. Anantapur (13.6) 116 (9.9) 879 (74.9) 19 (1.6) 1174 ( ) 2. Chittoor (73.7) 37 (9.2) 105 (16.9) 1 (0.2) ) 3. Cuddapah (2 1.1) 384 (35.6) 354 (32.8) (10.5) (100.00) 4. Kurnool (51.2) 917 (41.3) 168 (7.6) 2221 (100.00) TOTAL (38.3) 357 (10.9) 2191 (43.0) 384 (7.5) 5094 ( ) SOURCE t Official records of District Industries Centres in the Rayalaseema Region.

20 86 TABLE 3.7 NUMBER OP RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES COME UP IN THE RAYALASEEMA REGION PROM TO Total Catogory-wise beneficiaries S. Year No. of No. Complexes SCs STs BCs OCs Total (3.1) (16.2) (27.4) (19.3) (11.2) (6.6) (6.6) (6.1) (1.5) (2.0) TOTAL 197(100.0) NOTE : 1. Figures.-in parenthesis are percentage to the total complexes in the Rayalaseema region. 2. Y = (x) SOURCE : Compiled data from the official records of District Industries Centres in the Rayalaseema region.

21 87 Figure 3.1 TRENDS IN THE SIZE OF RURAL ARTISAN * ~r 09 C 0 M P 1, E X E S COMPLEXES IN THE RAYALASEEMA REGION K Is \ Y ? (x) 10 8 o 'X. YEARS tsj- 3 ~

22 88 promotional efforts are not being taken both by the State Government and the Banks in the State. Hence, it is necessary to take up bold steps for the development or rural artisans in the region. It is evident from the Table 3.8 that 33 types of artisans are working in the Rural Artisans Complexes in the Rayalaseema region. About 10 per cent of the total complexes (i.e. 19 complexes) concentrated with only three types of units viz., Handloom-weaving, Silk-weaving and Slab Polishing units. The table also shows that about 43 per cent of the total beneficiaries belong to BCs, followed by 39per cent Scs, llper cent STs and only eight per cent OCS/EBCs. RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT Anantapur is the most drought-prone and backward district in Andhra Pradesh. Hence, much attention has been taken both by the Union and the State Governments. Since industrialisation is a part of the much broader process of economic development which involves the raising of standard of living of people and transfer of resources from a low-productive sector like agriculture to a high-productive sector like industry, the Government of Andhra Pradesh selected Anantapur district for Intensive Industrial Development along with two other districts in the State (Adilabad and Srikakulam districts) in Further, the Government of India sponsored an a Agency, namely DIC Anantapur district, along with other districts in the country also in 1978 for the effective development of Cottage and Small Scale Industries widely dispersed in rural areas and small towns to generate employment to rural youth, artisans and unemployed. The District Industries Centre is able to meet all the rural developmental programme sponsored by both the Centre and the State Governments so far by providing guidelines, selection of cluster villages, identification of the beneficiaries and training facilities, and coordination to he Bank Managers. In this context, Rural Artisans Complexes Programme sponsored by the State Government through the DIC at Anantapur district along with other districts also in the State. Most of the complexes belonged to second type of the complexes (i.e., an individual house-cum-workshed) in the district.

23 89 TABLE 3.8 UNIT-WISE RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN THE RAYALASEEMA REGION Total Category wise beneficiaries S.No. Name of the Trade No. of Complexes SCs STs BCs OCs Total 1. Agarbathi works Aluminium utensils Artistic Leather goods Bakery Black-smithy Brass-making Basket-making Broom sticks Carpentary Carpets Cotton Durries Cumbly weaving Handloom weaving Leather tanning Lime stone Mat weaving Masala unit Paper Icon Pottery Puffed rice Ready-made Garments Rope-making Safety-matches Semi-Mechanised bricks Silk-reeling Silk weaving Slab polishing Slate-pencils Stone crushing Tent cloth Top making Toys & Coombs making Wool blankets Multi-Trade TOTAL SOURCE : Official records of District Industries Centres in the Rayalaseema region.

24 90 Year-wise size of Rural Artisans Complexes in Anantapur district for a period of ten years i.e., to is presented in the Table 3.9. By the end of March, 1992, the total number of complexes went up to 44 complexes benefiting 1,174 artisans in the district. Of which, 13 complexes are grounded in and no complex was grounded in and thereafter. Further, out of 1,174 beneficiaries, 75 per cent BCs, 14 per cent SCs, 10 per cent STs, and 2 per cent of OCs/EBCs. The Table 3.10 represents unit-wise Rural Artisans Complexes in Anantapur district. Only nine type of units/ products are in existence at present. Silk handloom weaving has 19 complexes with domination, accounting for 43 per cent of the total complexes in the district. RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN CHITTOOR DISTRICT The first category of the Rural Artisans Complexes Programme was implemented in the district of Chittoor. As such, rural artisans have been working in a common workshed with tools and implements that belong to all the participating artisans. Year-wise rural artisan complexes in Chittoor district is shown in Table During the period of ten years i.e., to only 35 complexes were grounded, providing infrastructural facilities to 620 artisans. The table also shows that the progress of these complexes is insignificant since It is learnt that the paucity of funds is said to be the reason for not grounding the complexes in the district. Added to this, allotment of 1st category of complexes posses some problems to the DIC authorities and Bank Officials. The Table 3.12 explains unit-wise Rural Artisans Complexes (RAC s) in Chittoor district. The Safety matches industry is one of the dominating Small Scale Industry in Chittoor districts. The DIC authorities took much attention for the development of Safety-matches industry in Chittoor district, which provide more number of employment opportunities. Safety matches units are the highest number of complexes in the district accounting at 11 complexes followed by six complexes

25 91 TABLE 3.9 NUMBER OP RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES COME UP IN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT FROM TO S.NO. Year No. of Complexes Category -wise beneficiaries SCs STs BCs OCs Total (2.3) (9.1) (29.5) (15.9) (9.1) (6.8) (13.6) (13.6) TOTAL 44 (100.0) NOTE: Figures in parenthesis are percentages to the total complexes. SOURCE : Official records of District Industries Centre (DIC), Anantapur. TTIT^eaS~ acc., Gall. Mo....

26 92 TABLE 3.10 UNIT-WISE RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT SI. No. Type of unit Total No. of Complexes Category- wise SCs STs beneficiaries BCs OCs Total 1. Basket making 03 (6.8) 2. Cumbly weaving 04 (9.1) 3. Handloom weaving 02 (4.5) Leather Artisan goods 01 (2.3) Leather tanning 01 (2.3) 6. Lime stone 02 (4.5) 7. Pottery 01 (2.3) Silk handloom weaving 19 (43.1) Slab polishing 01 (2.3) 10. Multi-Trade 10 (22.7) TOTAL (100.0) NOTE: Figures in parenthesis are percentages to the total complexes. SOURCE : Official records of District Industries Centre (DIC), Anantapur.

27 93 TABLE 3.11 NUMBER OF RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES COME UP IN CHITTOOR DISTRICT FROM TO s. No. Year Total No. of Complexes Category-wise beneficiaries Total SCs STs BCs OCs TOTAL SOURCE : Official records of District Industries Centre (DIG), Chittoor.

28 94 TABLE 3.12 UNIT-WISE RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN CHITTOOR DISTRICT SI. NO. Type of unit Total Category-wise beneficiaries No. of Total Complexes SCs STs BCs OCs 1. Agarbathi works Bamboo-baskets Carpentery Leather goods Mat weaving Paper works Rope making Safety matches Slab polishing Toys making Multi-Trade TOTAL (71.2) (10.0) (17.7) (1.0) (100.0) SOURCE : Official records of District Industries Centre (DIC), Chittoor.

29 95 for leather tanning units. With regard to category- wise rural artisans who were benefited under RACP in the district, they are SCs 73.7 per cent BCs 16.9 per cent are STs 9.2 per cent and only one per cent belong to Economically backward class RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN CUDDAPAH DISTRICT As per the records maintained by the District Industries Centre in Cuddapah, at the end of March, 1989, the total number of Rural Artisans Complexes constructed were 33 as against the planned target of 34 rural artisans complexes. The performance in this regard is satisfactory. While under the new scheme of IADP, the State Government decided to construct 8 complexes in the district. In fact, only 2 complexes, (providing infrastructural facilities to 94 artisans) were completed at the end of March Here, the progress achieved is just 25 per cent of the planned target set for the year. It is learnt that the main reason for not grounding the targeted number of IADP complexes in Cuddapah district is the paucity of funds. During the period from to , 34 Artisan complexes and 3 IADP complexes were grounded in the district. On the whole, by the end of March 1992, there were 37 Rural Artisan Complexes in the district of Cuddapah. The Table 3.13 depicts year-wise rural artisan complexes (both RACP and IADP) in Cuddapah district. Rural Artisan Complexes have considerably increased since the inception of the programme up to Further, only one complex was constructed in each of the following year due to paucity of funds and lack of coordination between DIC officials and Bank Officials in the district. The Table 3.14 depicts year-wise and category-wise beneficiaries who are working in Rural Complexes (both RACP and IADP) in Cuddapah district. In the district of Cuddapah, only 37 complexes were grounded under RACP and IADP. Of which, 13 complexes for basket making, followed by 10 handloom-weaving complexes. With regard to brass-making, blacksmithy, mat-weaving, only two complexes for each trade have been allotted. Further, only one complex each allotted for five types of units viz., leather tanning, limekilning, rope- making slate pencils,

30 96 TABLE 3.13 NUMBER OF RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES COME UP IN CUDDAPAH DISTRICT FROM TO s. No. Year Total No. Of Complexes Category-wise beneficiaries Total SCs STs BCs OCs TOTAL SOURCE : Official records of District Industries Centre (DIC), Cuddapah.

31 97 TABLE 3.14 UNIT-WISE RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN CUDDAPAH DISTRICT SI. No. Type of unit Total No. of Complexes Category-wise SCs STs beneficiaries BCs OCs Total 1 Basket-making Handloom weavig Brass-making Blacksmithy Mat weaving Leather tanning Lime kilning Rope making Slate pencils Toys and Coombs making Multi Trade TOTAL SOURCE : Official records of District Industries Centre (DIC), Cuddapah.

32 98 and toys and crafts-making in the district. It may be mentioned here that only 3 complexes belonged to multi-functional complexes in the district. The total number of beneficiaries covered under the Rural Artisans Complexes Programme in the district is 1,079. Of them, 228 are SCs (21.13%), 384 STs (35.59%); 370 BCs (34.29%) and 97 OCs/EBCs (9%). RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN KURNOOL DISTRICT The Table 3.15 shows year-wise size of Rural Artisans Complexes in Kurnool district. By the end of March, 1993, the total number of complexes grounded in the district is 82 providing infrastructural facilities to 2,221 artisans. Of the total 2,221 beneficiaries, SCs, are 51 per cent, BCs 38 per cent and only 11 per cent economically backward classes. It is disheartening to note that no one complex is allotted for ST category artisans eventhough their population is significant in the district. Needful efforts and support should be taken by the institutional agencies in this regard. Unit-wise Rural Artisans Complexes in Kurnool district is presented in Table The district had the highest number of complexes for slab-polishing units accounting at 18 complexes. The second place is occupied by the pottery accounting at 12 complexes followed by rope-making accounting at 8 complexes. It is mentioned that about 12 types of units had only one complex each in the district. It is mentioned that no one complex was allotted for bamboo products though the products are richly useful to the sericulture farmers in the district. Hence, it is necessary to provide good number of complexes for bamboo-products. The policy was framed with good intentions: Many Rural Artisan Complexes were also established providing facilities. It was supported by institutional back-up. And good work was done upto to But, the scenario of after presents gloomy picture as the encouragement and interest which were in the beginning was not sustained continuously by the administrative setup. Number of other factors also contributed to this. From the beneficiaries point of view, it still

33 99 TABLE 3.15 NUMBER OF RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES COME UP IN KURNOOL DISTRICT FROM TO s. No. Year Total No. of Complexes Category-wise beneficiaries SCs BCs OCs Total TOTAL SOURCE : Official records of District Industries Centre (DIC), Kurnool.

34 TABLE UNIT-WISE RURAL ARTISAN COMPLEXES IN KURNOOL DISTRICT SI. Type of unit Total Category-wise beneficiaries No. No. of Complexes SCs BCs OCs Total 1 Aluminium units Leather goods Bakery Basket-making Broom sticks Carpentary Carpets Cotton Durries Cumbly weaving Handloom weaving Leather tanning Masala unit Pottery Puffed rice Ready-made Garments Rope-making Semi-mech. bricks Silk reeling Slab polishing Stone crushing Tent cloth Tunga-mats Wool.blanckets Multi-trade Total SOURCE : Official records of District Industries Centre (Die), Kurnool.

35 101 held hope that, if the interest and encouragement are revived and administration setup overhavled, things could be bettered. REFERENCES 1. Opcit., T.M. DAK, Page Abstract on - Establishment of Rural Artisan Complexes, Guide lines, Secretary to Government of AP (SSI) Industires and Commerce Department (RIP) dated Additional Director, Office of the Commissioner of Industries, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad DO. Lr. No. 4524/DSK/14-1/81 dated 12 November, Opcit., Abstract on - Establishment of Rural Artisan Complexes 5. Opcit., Abstract on Establishment of Rural Artisan complexes. 6. Ibid., 7. GO. M.S. No. 588, dated , Industries and Commerce Department (RIP), Hyderabad, A.P. 8. Mem No. 1270/DSK.14/B/86, dated Communicated by Additional Director of Industries, Hyderabad, A.P. 9. Ibid.,