Building Enclosure Concept Design Checklist

Transcription

1 Building Enclosure Concept Design Checklist SUPPORT. Support mechanical loads Sufficient strength and stiffness (from structural engineer) CONTROL. Heat Flow Control (Temperature and Energy) avoid thermal bridges, reasonable insulation: HVAC energy + capital cost savings control air leakage, excessive glazing = winter discomfort and summer overheating (esp. west glass) 3. Condensation Control surface condensation, i.e. thermal bridges, corners, etc. interstitial condensation (summer & winter) by vapour diffusion and air leakage. Air Flow Control air barrier systems, compartmentalization, convection loops in batts control of stack effect, HVAC,and wind-induced air flows, odour, dust. Rain Control climate, site, building orientation, shape deflection, surface drainage, drying, and enclosure rain control strategies. Crack/movement control control of cracking and movement are complementary consider creep, sag, shrinkage, swelling, both moisture and temperature movement. Fire and Smoke Control fire resistance rating, flame spread, smoke produced, toxins generated special situations, often involved in design decisions (e.g., combustible vs non-combustible) 8. Sound and Vibration Control airborne sound reflection, transmission, and impact borne sound transmission special situations are sometimes important, always needs some consideration FINISH 9. Finish colour, pattern, texture, etc of interior and exterior interfaces architecture and interior designers

2 Microclimate Exterior Finish Control Structure Stuff &/or people Distribution Interior Finish Space Plan Site

3 The Enclosure: Defining the Layers Structure Air Barrier Insulation Rain Control Finish Support Control Finish

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5 Typical Wall Externally Insulated Loadbearing inner wythe Interior Finish (opt) Cladding Cavity Insulation Air barrier & Water resistant barrier vapour barrier (opt) Drainage gap Sealant/gasket & drained joint (rainscreen) Typical Materials/Sub-systems Primary building structure deflection space or structural connection as per structural intent Masonry (shown) Steel Stud (uninsulated) Wood Stud (uninsulated) Concrete Masonry (shown) Siding Panels (steel, stone, etc) Precast Stucco or EIFS Rigid Fibrous Expanded Polystyrene Extruded Polystyrene Spray Polyurethane Polyisocyanurate Trowel- and spray-applied Spray foam

6 Load bearing inner wythe Studspace insulation Vapour barrier (opt) Typical Insulated Inner Wythe Wall w/ Insulating Sheathing 3 Cladding Cavity insulation Air barrier Conceptual Drawing only! Important details not shown, just arrangement of layers. Some combinations may not be practical or may perform poorly sealant Water resistant barrier & Drainage gap shelf angle Typical Materials/Sub-systems Masonry - brick or block Steel Stud and Drywall (shown) Wood Stud and Drywall Concrete deflection space (unless load bearing inner wythe) 3 Masonry Siding Panels (metal, stone, ceramic, etc) Precast concrete (shown) Stucco / EIFS Batt (in studspace) Cellulose Spray Foam Exterior sheathing Interior sheathing or sheet Spray-foam Trowel- / spray- applied membrane Rigid Fibrous Expanded Polystyrene Extruded Polystyrene Spray Polyurethane Polyisocyanurate Paint or vinyl wallpaper on drywall Polyethylene foil-backed drywall Kraft facing on batt Spray-foam Trowel- / spray- applied membrane

7 Comparing Walls Load-bearing inner wythe Steel tie back connection Cladding 3 Studspace insulation sealant Vapour barrier (opt) Water resistant barrier & drainage gap Air barrier Cladding Cavity Insulation fire and smoke stop (opt) deflection space (unless load bearing inner wythe) Conceptual Drawing only! Important details not shown, just arrangement of layers. Some combinations may not be practical or may perform poorly Loadbearing inner wythe Typical Materials/Sub-systemsInterior Finish (opt) 3 Masonry - brick or block Steel Stud and Drywall (shown) Wood Stud and Drywall Concrete Masonry or Siding Stucco or DEFS Panels (metal, stone, ceramic, etc) Precast concrete (shown) Batt (in studspace) Cellulose Spray Foam Primary building structure Paint or vinyl wallpaper on drywall Polyethylene foil-backed drywall deflection space Kraft facing on batt or structural connection as Spray-foam per structural Trowel- / spray- applied membrane intent Exterior sheathing Interior sheathing or sheet Spray-foam Trowel- / spray- applied membrane Air barrier & Water resistant barrier vapour barrier (opt) Drainage gap Sealant/gasket & drained joint (rainscreen) Typical Materials/Sub-systems Masonry (shown) Steel Stud (uninsulated) Wood Stud (uninsulated) Concrete Masonry (shown) Siding Panels (steel, stone, etc) Precast Stucco or EIFS Rigid Fibrous Expanded Polystyrene Extruded Polystyrene Polyurethane Products Wood Fibreboard Polyisocyanurate Trowel- and spray-applied Spray foam

8 Metal Building

9 Sandwich

10 Example of Interstitially Insulated Wall: Typical Curtain Wall Assembly Curtainwall frame vision light Curtainwall Vapour barrier (opt) optional interior finish fire and smoke stop metal back pan structural floor slab air seals pressure bar with neoprene strips and friction fit cap steel connection spandrel finish Water resistant barrier & drainage gap Air barrier suspended ceiling Typical Construction Materials 3 Aluminum extrusions Metal shapes Wood Metal Panels Glass Stone panels Semi-rigid fibrous Rigid foam boards Metal panels / back pan Paint or vinyl wallpaper on drywall Polyethylene sheet foil-backed drywall Metal back pan, gaskets, membranes, sealants, glass, etc Metal back pan, gaskets, membranes, sealants, glass, etc

11 Enclosure Design Checklist Building Enclosure Concept Design Stage Checklist SUPPORT. Support mechanical loads Sufficient strength and stiffness (from structural engineer) CONTROL. Heat Flow Control (Temperature and Energy) avoid thermal bridges, reasonable insulation: HVAC energy + capital cost savings control air leakage, excessive glazing = winter discomfort and summer overheating (esp. west glass) 3. Condensation Control surface condensation, i.e. thermal bridges, corners, etc. interstitial condensation (summer & winter) by vapour diffusion and air leakage. Air Flow Control air barrier systems, compartmentalization, convection loops in batts control of stack effect, HVAC,and wind-induced air flows, odour, dus Continuous Air Barrier Continuous Insulation. Rain Control climate, site, building orientation, shape deflection, surface drainage, drying, and enclosure rain control strategies. Crack/Movement control control of cracking and movement are complementary consider creep, sag, shrinkage, swelling, both moisture and temperature movement. Fire and Smoke Control fire resistance rating, flame spread, smoke produced, toxins generated special situations, often involved in design decisions (e.g., combustible vs non-combustible) 8. Sound and Vibration Control airborne sound reflection, transmission, and impact borne sound transmission special situations are sometimes important, always needs some consideration FINISH 9. Finish colour, pattern, texture, etc of interior and exterior interfaces architecture and interior designers Continuous Rain Control Layers