MICHIGAN BRIDGE CONFERENCE REHABILITATION OF HISTORIC BRIDGES. Known Since Roman Times Portland Cement Discovery Need For Reinforcing Steel

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1 MICHIGAN BRIDGE CONFERENCE Mount Pleasant, Michigan March 19, 2008 Michigan s Local Technical Assistance Program REHABILITATION OF HISTORIC BRIDGES Joseph J. Pullaro. P.E. Vice President TranSystems/Lichtenstein Paramus, New Jersey History- ( Very Short) of Concrete Known Since Roman Times Portland Cement Discovery Need For Reinforcing Steel Notable Engineers Ernest Ransome - Developed Twisted Reinforcing Bars- late 1880 s Joseph Melan - Melan Arch Metal Beams Inside- James Marsh - Marsh Arch Arch Shape Built-up Steel Members Inside Open spandrel Arches

2 Realities of Late 1800s Metal Trusses- Are Prolific in late 1800 s Many Companies Fabricating Trusses Span Lengths Increasing Railroad Preference Concrete Bridges If Competitive Would Be Preferred Stone Was Considered Permanent Need To Imitate Stone One Way To Cut Cost Reduce Heavy Form Work Use Steel Members Inside 2

3 John Mack Bridge Wichita, Kansas James Marsh Originally Built Steel Trusses Received Patent in 1912 for Marsh Arch - Steel Members inside Concrete Designed John Mack Bridge John Mack Bridge Wichita, Kansas Cracks In Hangers- Early 1990 s Were They In Concrete Or Steel Members? John Mack Bridge Wichita, Kansas Load Test Finite Element Analysis Bridge Behaving Well Stresses Low Steel Members - OK 3

4 John Mack Bridge Wichita, Kansas Strengthen Verticals John Mack Bridge Wichita, Kansas Deck Replacement Completed Bridge SHELBY STREET BRIDGE, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE BUILT IN HOWARD JONES 3150 LONG SPANNING CUMBERLAND RIVER, RAILROAD & LOCAL STREETS COMPOSED OF 3 OVERHEAD PRATT 321, 178, PRATT DECK TRUSS REINFORCED CONCRETE TRUSSES T-BEAM SPANS 4

5 SHELBY STREET BRIDGE, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES 1986 TECHNOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE OF ONE OF A KIND CONCRETE TRUSSES SHELBY STREET BRIDGE, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE IMPORTANT FEATURE REINFORCED CONCRETE TRUSSES SHELBY STREET BRIDGE, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE FOUND NO U.S. EXAMPLE SOME WORK OF THIS KIND IN EUROPE MADE & TESTED 1/10 SIZE MODEL TESTED TO 6X CAPACITY 5

6 SHELBY STREET BRIDGE, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE UTILIZED POST TENSIONING CRITICIZED BY OTHER ENGINEERS VERY EARLY DAYS OF CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION FOR BRIDGES CONCRETE USED PREDOMINANTLY FOR COMPRESSION, NOT TENSION JONES CLAIMS HIS TEST VALIDATED SELECTION AESTHETICALLY PLEASING SHELBY STREET BRIDGE, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE NEW CONCRETE TRUSSES SHELBY STREET BRIDGE, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE 6

7 JAMES HILL BRIDGE-MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA JAMES HILL BRIDGE- MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 1883 STONE ARCH 24 WIDE, 2100 LONG, 40 TO 98 SPANS CRACKS NOTED IN UNDERSIDE OF ARCH ONLY STONE ARCH ON MISSISSIPPI RIVER CIVIL ENGINEERING LANDMARK JAMES HILL BRIDGE- MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA PROJECT REQUIREMENTS DETERMINE STRUCTURAL CAPACITY ASCERTAIN/CORRECT SOURCE OF CRACKS RESTORE TO PEDESTRIAN/ H15 FACILITY 7

8 JAMES HILL BRIDGE- MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA Concrete slab apparently installed after original i construction JAMES HILL BRIDGE- MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA INSPECTION AND TESTING VISUAL GPR SONIC JAMES HILL BRIDGE- MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 8

9 JAMES HILL BRIDGE- MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA METAL TRUSSES Nevius Street, NJ Double Intersection Pratt (Whipple) Washington Crossing Double Intersection Warren, 1904 Woodstock, VT Pennsylvania Truss 1900 Resource that Embodies Development of Structural Engineering i Profession Their Very Nature Required Stress Analyses, Material Testing, Attention to Detail Squire Whipple - A Work on Bridge Building, 1847 METAL TRUSSES Bollman Truss, Savage MD 1869 Pulaski Skyway, NJ 1932 Product of the Railroads During Their Great Growth of the Mid 19 th Century Wendell Bollman - Formed a Company that Became Model for Bridge Fabrication Early User of Wrought Iron 9

10 METAL TRUSSES Current Situation 30,000 Trusses on our highway system Majority on secondary roads Many date back to late 1800 s Being removed at an alarming rate METAL TRUSSES METHODS TO REHABILITATE Provide Light Weight Deck Provide Auxiliary Members Post Tensioning GAY STREET BRIDGE OVER TENNESSEE RIVER 10

11 GAY STREET BRIDGE OVER TENNESSEE RIVER LONG BRIDGE POSTED FOR 3 TONS SEVEN PIN CONNECTED ARCHED TRUSSES 252, 126 TRUSSES, C-C, VARY IN DEPTH 20 TO ROADWAY WIDTH 2-6 SIDEWALKS BRIDGE CONDITION NEW DECK REQUIRED SEVERE DETERIORATION OF TRUSS INCLUDING PIN CONNECTIONS FLOOR BEAMS NEED STRENGTHENING STRINGERS TO BE REPLACED GAY STREET BRIDGE OVER TENNESSEE RIVER GAY STREET BRIDGE OVER TENNESSEE RIVER PROJECT REQUIREMENTS ROAD WIDTH SUFFICIENT STRENGTHEN TO HS20 CAPACITY RESTORE ORIGINAL RAILING, LIGHTING REHABILITATE 125 PIN JOINTS 11

12 GAY STREET BRIDGE OVER TENNESSEE RIVER GAY STREET BRIDGE OVER TENNESSEE RIVER Pin Bypasses- to allow for changing of plates GAY STREET BRIDGE OVER TENNESSEE RIVER 12

13 GAY STREET BRIDGE OVER TENNESSEE RIVER GAY STREET BRIDGE OVER TENNESSEE RIVER THE HISTORIC FOSTER BRIDGE HURON RIVER, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN BUILT IN WROUGHT IRON BRIDGE COMPANY, CANTON, OHIO BRIDGE IS 144 FT. LONG OVER THE HURON RIVER, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 13

14 THE HISTORIC FOSTER BRIDGE HURON RIVER, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN THE HISTORIC FOSTER BRIDGE HURON RIVER, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN TRUSS REPAIRS POST TENSIONING DESIGN FLOORBEAM REPLACEMENT TIMBER DECK REPLACEMENT BEARING REPLACEMENT PIERS AND ABUTMENTS REPAIRS APPROACH ROADWAY AND SAFETY FEATURES REPLACEMENT AND UPDATES THE HISTORIC FOSTER BRIDGE HURON RIVER, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 14

15 THE HISTORIC FOSTER BRIDGE HURON RIVER, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN THE HISTORIC FOSTER BRIDGE HURON RIVER, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN NESHANIC STATION BRIDGE, NEW JERSEY 15

16 NESHANIC STATION BRIDGE, NEW JERSEY THANK YOU THIS IS ONLY A SAMPLE OF WHAT CAN BE DONE IF YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE COME TO LLOYD AND JOE S WORKING WITH HISTORIC BRIDGES APRIL 9, LANSING 16