Sound Attenuation. Slide 1 of 48. PAC International Inc START

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1 Sound Attenuation START Slide 1 of 48

2 Sound Attenuation PAC International 7310 Smoke Ranch Rd Suite "E" Las Vegas, NV Course Number: XXXXXX Learning Units: 1.00 PAC International is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-aia members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional registration. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material or construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods and services should be directed to the program instructor. This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. Slide 2 of 48

3 Learning Objectives Define acoustics as it relates to architecture Determine the code requirements for sound transmission criteria Predict airborne and structure borne noise paths and select appropriate sound isolation details to disrupt these paths Identify sound isolation techniques, materials and products Recognize the role of resilient sound isolation clips in sound attenuation and specify appropriate locations for their use Slide 3 of 48

4 Introduction Acoustics Why is acoustics important in architecture? How does acoustics impact architectural design? Introduce acoustics, impact on design and sound control solutions. Slide 4 of 48

5 Acoustics Acoustics and Architecture Includes wall and ceiling assembly sound isolation Building systems noise and vibration control Room shaping and finishes to augment or control sound Acoustics is the science concerned with the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound. Exterior noise issues and mitigation, sound prediction, modeling and measurements. Slide 5 of 48

6 Sound Acoustics Stimulation of hearing organs by mechanical vibration Travels in air at a speed of 1087 ft/s Is measured in decibels Slide 6 of 48

7 Decibel Acoustics Unit used to express sound level Expresses relative difference in power or intensity between two acoustic or electric signals A 10 decibel increase in sound is equal to a doubling of sound power level Slide 7 of 48

8 Factors Affecting Sound Propagation Acoustics Slide 8 of 48

9 Sound and Light Properties Acoustics Sound Barrier Shadow Reflected Sound Reflected Light Loud Speaker Horn Light Beam Light Bulb Bell Ringing Slide 9 of 48

10 Acoustics Impact of Design on Acoustics Landscape design to reduce sound impact on site and building Exterior sound affected by ground effect, wind direction, temperature and air density Sound Diffusion Sound Berm Sound Barrier Slide 10 of 48

11 Impact of Design on Acoustics Acoustics Interior volume, wall and ceiling shaping, and finishes have direct correlation to reverberation time, early decay time, strength, clarity, lateral energy fraction, inter-aural cross correlation, and early support Sound Focusing Sound Diffusion Sound Reflection Slide 11 of 48

12 Acoustics Impact of Design on Acoustics Sound creepage and sound focusing can occur in interior spaces Extreme sound attenuation with sound enclosure Sound Creeping Sound Absorber Sound Enclosure Slide 12 of 48

13 Impact of Design on Acoustics Acoustics Building form and space and function Large room volume, sound reflecting finishes contribute to excessive reverberant energy buildup FASHION SHOW MALL Slide 13 of 48

14 Acoustics Needs Acoustics Slide 14 of 48

15 Acoustic Needs Acoustics Environmental Noise Assessment Building Shell Evaluation Space Adjacency Partition Design & Designation Slide 15 of 48

16 Acoustic Needs Acoustics Floor-Ceiling Assembly Equipment Noise and Vibration Control Plumbing Isolation Field NIC and IIC tests Slide 16 of 48

17 Noise Acoustical Requirements Techniques needed to combat noise ( unwanted sound) Slide 17 of 48

18 Urban Noise Acoustical Requirements Causes stress, ailments and decrease in productivity Residential Environment Undeveloped Rural Representative 4 Hour Average Noise levels (dba) Subjective Loudness/Noisiness Baseline Extremely quiet like typical quiet living room Rural Residential % louder/noisier (still very quiet) Quiet Suburban Twice as loud or noisy (but still quite quiet) Urban Residential away from arterial/main streets Urban residential near arterial road /main street Urban residential on arterial road or main highway Three times as loud /noisy (still generally no significant noise impacts in residential areas) Four times as loud/noisy (threshold for onset of noise impacts due to speech and sleep interference) Six times as loud/noisy (speech interference outdoors, increasing potential for sleep disturbance) Urban residential on major arterial or highway Eight to eleven times as loud/noisy (outdoor spaces generally not useable, potential indoor speech interference, significant sleep disturbance) Slide 18 of 48

19 STC and IIC Acoustical Requirements Determines acoustical performance of architectural assemblies STC - Assembly's ability to resist airborne sound transfer at the frequencies Hz. IIC - Indicates the amount of impact noise isolation provided by a floor/ceiling assembly Slide 19 of 48

20 Minimum STC Acoustical Requirements IBC Section 1207 requires STC not less than 50 (45 if field tested) for walls, partitions, and floor/ceiling assemblies separating dwelling units from each other or from public or service areas. Local code made supersede this requirement Slide 20 of 48

21 Acoustical Requirements Minimum STC Meeting minimum requirements results in noise complaints Ideal Sound Transmission Limitations for Floors in Multi-Family Housing Location of Floor-Ceiling Unit to Unit (1) STC STC 60 IIC IIC 60 Unit to Corridor (2,3) STC 55 IIC 55 Note: 1. Inclusive of high noise spaces such as lobbies, boiler rooms, mechanical equipment rooms, elevator shafts, laundries, incinerator shafts and garages. 2. Inclusive of storage rooms, stairways etc. 3. This STC rating is not achievable in walls with entry doors even where gaskets are present. Slide 21 of 48

22 Acoustical Requirements Testing Methods ASTM E90 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements ASTM E336 ASTM E413 ASTM E492 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Insulation in Buildings Standard Classification for Rating Sound Insulation Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine International Standard ISO (11) Acoustics-Measurement of Sound Insulation in Buildings and of Building Elements Slide 22 of 48

23 Common Noise Paths Construction Techniques Direct sound travels directly through a partition Flanking sound causes structure borne vibrations that travel through connecting surfaces Slide 23 of 48

24 Sound Attenuation Aspects of a Wall Construction Techniques Mass of the material Structural stiffness Airspace and sound insulation Decoupling of membrane Slide 24 of 48

25 Mass Construction Techniques Mass Law: The sound transmission of a wall is proportional to its mass per unit area Certain constructions can outperform the mass law, in particular cavity constructions Slide 25 of 48

26 Rigidity Construction Techniques Less rigid wall interrupts noise/vibration path STC 56 STC 46 STC 36 STC 47 Sample: 25 gauge steel stud walls Sample: Wood stud walls Slide 26 of 48

27 Construction Techniques Insulation STC varies with insulation type and increases with overall thickness Insulation Comparisson 1.50 Noise Reduction Coefficient (% Absorptive) Thermacoustic Fiberglass Spray Monoglass Fiberglass Spray Thermafiber Mineral Fiber OCF Sonobatt Glass Wool Cellulose Spray Fiber Hz 250Hz 500Hz 1kHz 2kHz 4kHz Octave Band Frequency in Hertz Slide 27 of 48

28 Acoustical Sealant Construction Techniques Small openings can lower the STC ratings by as much as 10 points Sealant critical material in sound attenuation Slide 28 of 48

29 Wall Openings Construction Techniques Metal or UL rated plastic electrical boxes placed back to back can lower STC significantly Use of firestop, insulation and distance of 24 between boxes produces negligible drop in STC This image above shows the proper way to wrap an electrical box with putty pad. Slide 29 of 48

30 Decoupling of Membrane Construction Techniques Lowers STC STC 32 ½ Type X gypsum wallboard both sides 2 x4 studs 16 O.C. or 24 O.C. STC 34 STC 55 ½ Type X gypsum wallboard both sides 2 x4 studs 16 O.C. or 24 O.C. Absorptive material Double ½ Type X gypsum wallboard both sides Two rows 2 x4 studs 16 O.C. or 24 O.C. staggered on common 2 x6 plate Absorptive material one side STC 57 ½ Type X gypsum wallboard both sides Two rows 2 x4 studs 16 O.C. or 24 O.C. on common 2 x6 plate set 1 apart Absorptive material both sides Slide 30 of 48

31 Resilient Channels Construction Techniques Absorb sound rather than transmit it STC 32 ½ finished wood floor 5/8 wood panel sheathing Wood floor joists at 16 O.C. 5/8 gypsum wallboard STC 50 STC 60 ½ panel sheathing 5/8 wood panel sheathing Wood floor joists at 16 O.C. Absorptive material Metal resilient channel 8 O.C. 5/8 gypsum wallboard 1½ lightweight concrete 5/8 wood panel sheathing Wood floor joists at 16 O.C. Absorptive material Metal resilient channel 8 O.C. 5/8 gypsum wallboard Slide 31 of 48

32 Resilient Channels Construction Techniques Gauge of steel and slot or hole patterns affect resilient properties Must be installed properly Slide 32 of 48

33 Resilient Channels Construction Techniques Verify channel is capable of carrying gypsum wallboard load Use proper screw length Do not install over a solid surface Improper Installation Slide 33 of 48

34 Resilient Sound Isolation Clips Resilient Sound Isolation Clips RSIC rubber and steel assembly designed to hold and isolate 7/8 furring channels from the structure Large offset eliminates problem of screwing through channel to framing Slide 34 of 48

35 Function Resilient Sound Isolation Clips Used in wall or ceiling assemblies Replaces resilient channel (RC-1) Effectively reduces structure borne sound Compatible with standard drywall products Slide 35 of 48

36 UL Assemblies Resilient Sound Isolation Clips Classified in UL resistive design assemblies Verify with manufacturer exact details Slide 36 of 48

37 Applicability Resilient Sound Isolation Clips Walls, both new and retro-fit applications, with framing made of wood, steel, concrete, CMU or Aerated Autoclaved Concrete Floor-ceiling assemblies built with solid wood joists, I beam wood joists, open web wood trusses, cold rolled steel C section joists, open web steel trusses, and concrete slabs or suspended ceilings Slide 37 of 48

38 Benefits Resilient Sound Isolation Clips Reduce width of wall assemblies and increase STC Costs to achieve similar STC ratings are lower when RSIC s are employed. STC 36 No sound attenuation $4.17/sq ft STC 56 No resilient products, width and separation used to achieve STC rating $6.88/sq ft STC 56 RSIC used to achieve STC rating $5.65/sq ft Slide 38 of 48

39 RSIC vs. Resilient Channels EST. STC-44 WITHOUT RESILIENT CHANNEL OR RSIC-1 CLIP EST. STC-48 to 50 Resilient Channel Assembly DIRECT FIX TO STEEL STUD CONSTRUCTION * 1 layer 5/8" Gypsum Board * 3-5/8 20ga. Steel Stud at 24" oc * R-11 Insulation 3.5" * Resilient Channels * 1 layer 5/8" Gypsum Board Resilient Sound Isolation Clips STC-58 RSIC Acoustic Assembly DIRECT FIX TO STEEL WALL FRAME CONSTRUCTION * 1 layer 5/8" Gypsum Board * 3-5/8 20ga. Steel Stud at 24" oc * R-19 Insulation 5.5" * RSIC-1 48" oc. * Drywall Furring Channel at 24" oc * 1 layer 5/8" Gypsum Board UL U419, U423 EST. STC-48 WITHOUT RESILIENT CHANNEL OR RSIC CLIP EST. STC-53 to 55 Resilient Channel Assembly DIRECT FIX TO STEEL STUD CONSTRUCTION * 1 layer 5/8" Gypsum Board * 3-5/8 Steel Stud at 24" oc * R-11 Insulation 3.5" * Resilient Channel * 2 layers 5/8" Gypsum Board STC-61 RSIC Acoustic Assembly DIRECT FIX TO STEEL WALL FRAME CONSTRUCTION * 1 layer 5/8" Gypsum Board * ga. Steel Stud at 24" oc * R-19 Insulation 5.5" * RSIC-1 48" oc. * Drywall Furring Channel at 24" oc * 2 layers 5/8" Gypsum Board * UL U419, U423 Slide 39 of 48

40 RSIC vs. Resilient Channels Resilient Sound Isolation Clips EST. STC-50 WITHOUT RESILIENT CHANNEL OR RSIC-1 CLIP EST. STC-58 to 60 Resilient Channel Assembly DIRECT FIX TO STEEL STUD CONSTRUCTION * 2 layers 5/8" Gypsum Board * 3-5/8 Steel Stud at 24" oc * R-11 Insulation 3.5" * Resilient Channel * 2 layers 5/8" Gypsum Board STC-64 RSIC Acoustic Assembly DIRECT FIX TO STEEL STUD CONSTRUCTION * 2 layers 5/8" Gypsum Board * 3-5/8 20ga. Steel Stud at 24" oc * R-19 Insulation 5.5" * RSIC-1 48" oc. * Drywall Furring Channel at 16 oc * 2 layers 5/8" Gypsum Board * UL U419, U423 Slide 40 of 48

41 Resilient Sound Isolation Clips RSIC s and IIC Equivalent impact on IIC RSIC-1 Assembly Field IIC60 FSTC 55 Resilient Channel Assembly Field IIC44 FSTC 53 Direct Connected Assembly Field IIC32 FSTC 40 Slide 41 of 48

42 RSIC s and IIC Wood Framed Structural Steel Resilient Sound Isolation Clips Post-tensioned Concrete FIIC 60 FIIC 54 FIIC 70 RSIC-1 assembly Exceeds code by 15 FIIC points RSIC-1 assembly Exceeds minimum code by 9 FIIC points RSIC-1 assembly Exceeds minimum code by 35 FIIC points FIIC 44 FIIC 44 FIIC 45 RC-1 assembly Does not meet minimum code RC-1 assembly Does not meet minimum code RC-1 assembly Does not meet minimum code FIIC 32 FIIC 32 FIIC 36 Direct connected assembly Does not meet minimum code Direct connected assembly Does not meet minimum code Bare slab Does not meet minimum code Slide 42 of 48

43 Building Retrofit Resilient Sound Isolation Clips Reduces labor and expense of removal RSIC in retrofit 2 Layers 5/8 Gypsum, R-11, 1 Layer 5/8 GWB, RSIC-1, 7/8 DFC, 1 Layer 5/8 GWB. FSTC 49 Slide 43 of 48

44 Other Applications Resilient Sound Isolation Clips Accommodate additional ceiling depth Under concrete slab uses a 3 or 4 drive pin Slide 44 of 48

45 Other Applications Resilient Sound Isolation Clips For dropped ceiling RSIC will decouple gypsum board from structure above can have thickness of 2 which added to 2 x4 framing creates standard thickness of 2 x6 wall Sound isolation clip for use with dropped ceilings Slide 45 of 48

46 Other Applications Resilient Sound Isolation Clips Garage door opener isolation Lighting isolation Mechanical isolation Slide 46 of 48

47 Other Applications Resilient Sound Isolation Clips RSIC value clip Ceiling fan electrical box isolation Wall mount flat screen TV isolation RSIC technology combined with spring isolation for superior noise control Slide 47 of 48

48 Questions START Thank You for Attending! This concludes the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Program Slide 48 of 48