Using FPInterface to Estimate Available Forest-Origin Biomass in British Columbia: Fraser TSA

Transcription

1 Using FPInterface to Estimate Available Forest-Origin in British Columbia: Fraser TSA Technical Report no March 218 Kevin Blackburn, Technician, Fibre Supply Non-restricted Distribution fpinnovations.ca

2 FPInnovations is a not-for-profit worldleading R&D institute that specializes in the creation of scientific solutions in support of the Canadian forest sector s global competitiveness and responds to the priority needs of its industry members and government partners. It is ideally positioned to perform research, innovate, and deliver state-of-the-art solutions for every area of the sector s value chain, from forest operations to consumer and industrial products. Its R&D laboratories are located in Québec, Montréal, and Vancouver, and it has technology transfer offices across Canada. For more information about FPInnovations, visit: Follow us on: Technical report - 16 Abstract Based on inventory information and a 2-year harvest queue, estimates of the amount of biomass available from forest harvest residues were estimated in $1 increments of delivered cost. For the Fraser Timber Supply Area, a total of 75 ODT/year was projected to be available, while only 11 ODT/year were expected to be available at the economic price of $6/ODT. Acknowledgements This project was financially supported by Natural Resources Canada under the NRCan/FPInnovations contribution Agreement and by the Province of British Columbia under the BC/FPInnovations Contribution Agreement. Reviewers Charles Friesen, Researcher, Fibre Supply Contacts Kevin Blackburn Technician Fibre Supply (64) kevin.blackburn@fpinnovations.ca Charles Friesen Senior Researcher Fibre Supply (64) charles.friesen@fpinnovations.ca 218 FPInnovations. All rights reserved. Unauthorized copying or redistribution prohibited. Disclosure for Commercial Application: If you require assistance to implement these research findings, please contact FPInnovations at info@fpinnovations.ca.

3 Table of contents 1 Executive summary Introduction Objective Methods... 6 Overall process... 6 Data acquisition... 7 Data transformation... 7 equations... 8 FPInterface parameters... 8 Tree species associations... 8 Road classes... 9 General parameters... 9 Comminution cost... 9 Topping diameter... 1 Parameters as entered into FPInterface... 1 Delivery locations calculations Results and discussion Summary of key results amounts ratio Cost availability Low-cost scenario Mapping Temporal distribution of harvest... 2 Results appendix Conclusion References Appendix FPInnovations Page 3

4 List of figures Figure 1. The steps taken to build the final inventory of economically available biomass Figure 2. Recoverable biomass in the Fraser TSA, delivered to Richmond and Chilliwack Figure 3. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA, over 2 years: base case (ODT: oven-dried tonne) Figure 4. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA, over 2-year period; comparison of the base case and low-cost scenarios (ODT: oven-dried tonne) Figure 5. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA: comparison of the base case and low-cost grinding scenarios, over 2-year period, with the difference at $6/oven-dried tonne (ODT) highlighted Figure 6. Cost of delivered biomass from point of origin to the delivery points, in increments of $1/oven-dried tonne Figure 7. Blocks with road access in the Fraser TSA, as shown in FPInterface Figure 8. Availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA, by 5-year harvest period at $6/oven dried tonne. 21 Figure 9. Availability of economic biomass in the Fraser TSA, by 5-year harvest period, at $6/ovendried tonne List of tables Table 1. Species associations... 8 Table 2. Road class associations... 9 Table 4. Key amounts of biomass availability in the Fraser TSA Table 5. Calculation of the biomass ratio: base case Table 6. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA: base case Table 7. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA: comparison of the base case and low-cost grinding scenarios Table 8. Average cost of delivered biomass across the entire Fraser TSA Table 9. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA, by 5-year period: base case Table 1. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA, by 5-year period: low-cost grinding scenario 24 FPInnovations Page 4

5 1 Executive summary FPInnovations estimated the amount of forest-origin harvest residue biomass available from the Fraser Timber Supply Area (TSA), largely following the process previously established for several British Columbia TSAs using FPInterface between 21 and 217. The biomass inventory was based on 2- year harvest data and road network plans for Crown land that were provided by the B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, and excluded Woodlot Licences, Tree Farm Licences, Community Forest Agreements, and First Nations tenures. The biomass yield predicted from harvest residues for the Fraser TSA was 39.9 oven-dried tonnes per hectare (ODT/ha). The biomass ratio (the ratio of recovered biomass to recovered merchantable roundwood) was estimated at 14.8%. Over the next 2 years, a total of 1.52 million ODT of available biomass was predicted to be generated by harvest in the Fraser TSA, or approximately 75 ODT/year. Of this, approximately ODT in total, or 11 ODT/year, were expected to be available at the economic price of $6/ODT. Approximately 8% of the total predicted volume was expected to be available at $9/ODT: a total of 1.18 million ODT, or 59 ODT/year. A low-cost scenario was attempted with the grinding cost reduced by $5.5/ODT. At the economic rate of $6/ODT, biomass availability increases by approximately 2 ODT over 2 years, or about 1 ODT/year. If increases in efficiency or decreases in cost can be realized, there could be an increase in available biomass by this amount. Most of the biomass that is considered economically available ( $6/ODT) is closer to the TSA s delivery points (Chilliwack and Richmond). The amount of economically available biomass decreased consistently through time from approximately 19 ODT/year in years 1 to 5 to 5 7 ODT/year in years 15 to 2. This decrease may be due to increased distances between planned harvest areas and the delivery locations in later periods. FPInnovations Page 5

6 2 Introduction FPInnovations estimated the amount of forest-origin harvest residue biomass from the Fraser Timber Supply Area (TSA), largely following the process previously established for several British Columbia TSAs using FPInterface between 21 and 217. The biomass inventory was based on 2-year harvest data and road network plans for Crown land that were provided by the B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (FLNRO), and excluded Woodlot Licences, Tree Farm Licences (TFLs), Community Forest Agreements (CFAs), and First Nations tenures. Detailed introductory statements that apply to this project and the greater project as a whole are provided in Friesen & Goodison (218). 3 Objective The objective of the project was to calculate the cost of forest-origin biomass as a feedstock in the Fraser TSA. Specific deliverables were: a. An analysis showing the delivered cost of biomass from point of origin; and b. An analysis showing the amount of biomass delivered at different prices. A value of $6 for one oven-dried tonne (ODT) is regarded as the market value for biomass, in accordance with the analyses that were previously conducted. 4 Methods Overall process The basic methodology for determining biomass supply in western Canada was established during analysis of the Quesnel (Friesen & Goodison, 218) and Williams Lake TSAs. This analysis focused on the Fraser TSA and was based on polygon data (tree characteristics) and a road data set that were supplied by FLNRO. It did not include any nearby Woodlot Licences, TFLs, CFAs, or First Nations tenures. Including some of these areas could alter the available supply of biomass. Additionally, small piece size stands that are not considered merchantable were not included in the analysis. The analysis focused on recovering harvest residues from merchantable stands. Purposeharvesting unmerchantable stands for biomass could add to the biomass supply, and further analysis could be undertaken to determine its profitability. Recent analysis has shown that harvesting these stands is not yet profitable. Figure 1 shows the steps taken to build the final inventory of economically available biomass for the Quesnel TSA. A similar process was used for the Fraser TSA. FPInnovations Page 6

7 Figure 1. The steps taken to build the final inventory of economically available biomass. Data acquisition Data layers for the Fraser TSA were acquired from FLNRO (excluding woodlots, TFLs, CFAs, and any First Nations tenures), and included Vegetation Resource Inventory (VRI) polygons with attributes, and road linework with attributes. The polygon data was for 2 years of harvest over four consecutive 5-year periods. The total 2-year harvest queue is a point-in-time snapshot. It indicates which polygons are expected to be harvested in the next 2 years. No attempt was made to model possible growth or mortality during the 2-year period. Any projections of growth or mortality are already accounted for in the harvestable proportion contained in the harvest raster data. Data transformation FPInterface requires two major inputs: a polygon layer of harvestable blocks with attributes, and a road layer. The polygon layer must also have a harvest raster built into it, indicating which polygons are to be cut in which time period. To calculate biomass amounts, FPInterface requires tree size data (height, and diameter at breast height) and either stand density (stems per hectare) or volume per hectare by species in each polygon. When the polygon layer is uploaded, it is necessary to tie species in the resultant to FPInterface species. In order to speed calculation, polygons with little or no merchantable volume were targeted for elimination. Polygons with no volume were removed from the resultant. Some of these polygons FPInnovations Page 7

8 resulted from the process of intersecting the VRI and the harvest raster layers. Aggregation rules dictated that blocks were grouped if they had an identical harvest year and were within a 1-km radius. FPInterface calculates cost in part by finding a transportation route from product origin in a polygon (block) to the mill or delivery site. The program relies on a continuous path along the road network. If digital road segments are not joined together (snapped), the program is not able to find a path between block and mill, or may find a suboptimal circuitous path. Examination of the received data set showed that road snapping was required. A program was used to identify gaps in the road network and close them. equations To perform the analysis, tree species in the VRI were tied to single-tree biomass equations in FPInterface. For the Quesnel TSA analysis in 21 11, these equations were based on Canadian national tree above ground biomass equations by Lambert et al. (25). Although this equation set includes trees from all across Canada, including western and northern Canada, there were very few samples from B.C. More recently, Ung et al. (28) have released tree equations for B.C. (accepted by FLNRO); these were incorporated into FPInterface for the Williams Lake TSA analysis and subsequent analyses, including this one. FPInterface parameters Tree species associations Tree species associations were made as shown in Table 1. Table 1. Species associations FPInterface species System label Named Original data set Spruce, white S white spruce S, SS, SE Aspen, trembling AT trembling aspen AC, AT, ACT Cedar, western red CW western redcedar CW Alder, red DR red alder DR, D, RA Birch, white EP white birch E, EP, EW Douglas-fir FD Douglas-fir FD, FDC Hemlock, western HW western hemlock H, HW, HM Maple, silver MB bigleaf maple MB, MV, M Pine, lodgepole PL lodgepole pine PL, PLC, PA Pine, western white PW western white pine PW Cherry, black VB choke cherry VB, VP Cedar, western red TW western yew TW Cedar, yellow YC yellow cedar YC Fir, Pacific silver BA amabilis fir B, BG, BA, BL FPInnovations Page 8

9 Road classes Unlike the Quesnel TSA data set, the Fraser road data set contained no road classes. However, FPInterface has the ability to assign road classes based on the amount of volume hauled over each section of the road. The volume hauled is for merchantable volume as calculated by FPInterface. The volume and speeds associated with each road class were assigned as outlined in Table 2. Table 2. Road class associations FPInterface road class Volume (m 3 ) Road speed (km/h) Minimum Maximum Posted speed Empty haul a Loaded haul b Paved Class 1 (off highway) Class Class Class Class Class 4 (operational) Class 5 (winter) a 95% of posted speed b 85% of posted speed General parameters The price of fuel can have significant impacts on model results. Some equipment in the model can use diesel, and some can use marked fuel. A price of $1.25/L was assigned, which is slightly higher than current rates for diesel but approximates a medium-term average. FPInterface s default values for productivities and costs of forestry equipment rely on FPInnovations studies and information. If a user has specific values or costs they wish to apply to any phase or machine, these can be used instead of the defaults. For this project, only the default values were used. Based on a terrain classification system developed by the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association (CPPA) (Mellgren, 198), average slope the Fraser TSA was assigned CPPA Class 3 (2 32%). Ground strength was rated CPPA Class 3 (moderate), and ground roughness was rated CPPA Class 3 (uneven). Comminution cost The working time for B.C. conditions was based on previous base case studies and consists of one 12- hour shift per day, 2 days/year. Grinder utilization was set at 6%, and fuel used per productive machine hour (PMH) for the grinder was the standard 135 L/PMH. These are the standard base case parameters used in past FPInnovations studies, which enabled comparisons to those studies. In this study, these parameters produced a grinding cost of $27.55/ODT. However, developments in the industry have lowered grinding costs, so these parameters were changed in a low-cost scenario to 75% efficiency and fuel use of 1 L/PMH in order to represent the FPInnovations Page 9

10 new conditions. This produced a grinding cost of $22.5/ODT. This is thought to be achievable for an experienced operator in the conditions of the Fraser TSA. Topping diameter Although B.C. regulations require a topping diameter of 1 cm for most merchantable species, this analysis used 12.5 cm to reflect more common industrial practise. Topping diameter can have a significant effect on the volume of a tree that is available for biomass use. Parameters as entered into FPInterface Table 3 shows some of the parameters that were entered into FPInterface for the base case, which produced a grinding cost of $27.55/ODT. The low-cost scenario (Fraser LowCostAll) was also modelled, and produced a grinding cost of $22.5/ODT. For this scenario, the grinder efficiency and grinder fuel use parameters were adjusted to 75% and 1 L/PMH. Table 1. FPInterface parameters: base case Run descriptor run name output name block system road system transfer yard(s) cost per transfer yard, respectively year(s) analyzed species attribute linking automatic assignment of road class by volume road maintenance haul speeds haul speeds at 95%/85% of posted transport shifts/day 1 transport hours/shift 12 Value Fraser Feb7th - Fraser Feb7th biomass_blocks_fra.shp roads_v3.shp Chilliwack, Richmond all BC yes yes graduated yes transport days/year 2 transport fuel price/litre $1.25 ground strength ground roughness 3 - moderate 3 - uneven average slope % 2 32 slash used for biomass full stem used for biomass chip destination topping diameter yes no Chilliwack, Richmond 12.5 cm FPInnovations Page 1

11 truck used for logs truck used for chips 3-axle harvesting fuel price/litre (x3) $1.25 harvesting shifts/day (x3) 1 harvesting hours/shift (x3) 12 harvesting days/year (x3) 2 harvesting system felling & processing skid type type of roadside processing on site biomass treatment (roadside) recovery season slash freshness slash pre-piled at roadside grinder size type Tridem B-train full tree with roadside processing mechanized and bunched skidder with grapple cut-to-length comminution winter >3 months yes biomass fuel price/litre (x2) $1.25 biomass hours/shift (x2) 12 biomass shifts/day (x2) 1 biomass days/year (x2) 2 grinder efficiency grinder fuel use (L/PMH) horizontal 6 kw 6% a 135 b indirect costs - biomass ($ value) $ indirect costs - harvesting ($ value) $ a Parameter was adjusted to 75% in the low-cost scenario. b Parameter was adjusted to 1 L/PMH in the low-cost scenario. Delivery locations All harvest residues from in-woods operations (not from mills) were directed to large industrial areas in the Fraser TSA. In this model, Richmond and Chilliwack were used as delivery locations. Initial comminution was set to take place at roadside, and costs are calculated for biomass delivered to the delivery locations. calculations The biomass calculations in FPInterface produce a volume of total available biomass once merchantable roundwood has been removed. For this project, only biomass transported to roadside was considered recoverable; biomass that was likely to remain at the stump or that was dispersed on the cutblock was not. Once it is transported to roadside, some biomass becomes unavailable due to handling and technical losses. The remainder is considered recovered biomass. Figure 2 shows this FPInnovations Page 11

12 breakdown based on the numbers from the 2-year harvest of the base case with normal grinder utilization of 6% and fuel usage of 135 L/PMH. Figure 2. Recoverable biomass in the Fraser TSA, delivered to Richmond and Chilliwack. 5 Results and discussion Summary of key results All results from the different runs performed in FPInterface are summarized in Appendix 1. The FPInterface analysis of biomass supply in the Fraser TSA, based on inventory information and the road network supplied by FLNRO, indicated an average biomass yield of 39.9 ODT/ha for the base case. This was in the form of comminuted hog fuel and was from harvest residues only tops, branches, and other roadside logging waste. Mill residues were not predicted by the model. amounts In total, for the base case, it was predicted that ODT could be recovered from roadside and delivered to the delivery locations over the course of 2 years. The amount of available biomass was relatively consistent throughout all four periods. The first 5-year period (years 1 5) had the lowest amount of available biomass, possibly due to a smaller planned harvest area and/or a lower biomass ratio of 12.4%. The amount of biomass available each year in the study area was approximately 75 ODT/year, at any price. However, the amount of biomass available in each 5-year period varied from as much as 8 ODT/year in period 2 (years 5 1) to as low as 7 ODT/year in period 1 (years 1 5). The economically available volume was estimated at 11 ODT/year (Table 4). FPInnovations Page 12

13 Table 4. Key amounts of biomass availability in the Fraser TSA Volume at $6/ODT (ODT) a Volume at $9/ODT (ODT) Total volume ($19/ODT) (ODT) Over 2-year period Per year a ODT: oven-dried tonne Additionally, the model indicated that about ODT of biomass would be left on the cutblock and would not make it to roadside. This includes material that falls off trees naturally and material that breaks off logs and is left on the ground during normal harvesting operations. This large amount of material retained in the forest was equal to 88% of the amount removed for biomass and is much higher than that deemed necessary to replenish the forest floor and prevent nutrient degradation in the soil. Additionally, 268 ODT of biomass material that makes it to roadside was not recovered due to technical handling efficiencies; that is, the material is too small or large for machine handling or is incorrectly positioned for economic accessibility. ratio The biomass ratio is the ratio of recovered biomass to recovered merchantable roundwood). The ratio for the base case scenario was 14.8% (Table 5). Table 5. Calculation of the biomass ratio: base case ratio (ODT) a Recovered biomass Recovered roundwood ratio (%) 14.8 a ODT: oven-dried tonne Knowing the biomass ratio for an area can be useful for roughly predicting the amount of available harvest residue if the amount of merchantable timber harvest is known. Cost availability FPInterface breaks down the available supply into delivered cost in $1 increments. At the presumed market rate of $6/ODT, the amount available over 2 years is predicted to be ODT or about 11 ODT/year. The complete results in $1 increments for the entire 2-year period are presented in Table 6 and Figure 3. FPInnovations Page 13

14 Table 6. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA: base case Base case Normal grinder utilization at $6/ODT ab Cost ($/ODT) Total (ODT) Annual (ODT) a Presumed market rate. b ODT: oven-dried tonne The amounts are cumulative, so the amount available at $6/ODT, for example, includes all the biomass at $5/ODT and the additional biomass available between $5 and $6/ODT. FPInnovations Page 14

15 1,6, Available biomass (ODT) 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 627, ,44 1,184,631 1,33, 1,372,72 1,427,135 1,457,866 1,479,653 1,497,579 1,55,75 1,59,994 1,512,618 1,513,17 1,514,689 1,515,911 2, 9,5 221, Cost availability ($/ODT) Figure 3. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA, over 2 years: base case (ODT: oven-dried tonne) Low-cost scenario In addition to the base case scenario with a grinding cost of $27.55/ODT, a low-cost scenario with a grinding cost of $22.5/ODT was examined ($5.5 below the base case). Although this cost was achieved by manipulating the grinder utilization and fuel consumption values, differences in delivered cost can also be created by changes to equipment or practices that raise or lower operating costs or a lower fuel price, for example. Thus, if greater efficiency in grinding technology is realized, the amount of biomass that is economically available can be increased dramatically, especially at the lower price points (Table 7 and Figure 4). FPInnovations Page 15

16 Table 7. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA: comparison of the base case and low-cost grinding scenarios Base case grinding cost of $27.55/ODT a available Low-cost scenario grinding cost of $22.5/ODT available Cost ($/ODT) Total (ODT) Annual (ODT) Total (ODT) Annual (ODT) b a ODT: oven-dried tonne b Presumed market rate. FPInnovations Page 16

17 1,6, Available biomass (ODT) 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Normal grinder utilization Scenario - lower costs by $5.5/odt Cost availability ($/ODT) Figure 4. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA, over 2-year period; comparison of the base case and low-cost scenarios (ODT: oven-dried tonne). The lowering of costs by $5.5/ODT produced some startling differences in biomass availability. At $6/ODT, more than 2 ODT additional biomass were available over 2 years with the lowered grinding costs, almost double the base case amount. This equates to more than 1 additional ODT/year. This difference at $6/ODT, the presumed market rate for biomass, is highlighted in Figure 5. FPInnovations Page 17

18 1,6, Available biomass (ODT) 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Normal grinder utilization Scenario - lower costs by $5.5/odt Cost availability ($/ODT) Figure 5. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA: comparison of the base case and low-cost grinding scenarios, over 2-year period, with the difference at $6/oven-dried tonne (ODT) highlighted. This means that much more biomass is available when fuel costs are lower. The actual difference in cost per delivered tonne of biomass is only $5.5, but the effect this has on availability is much greater because of the spatial distribution of biomass. The average price for delivered biomass across the Fraser TSA is shown in Table 8. Table 8. Average cost of delivered biomass across the entire Fraser TSA Fuel price Average cost of delivered biomass ($/ODT) a Base case grinding at $27.55/ODT Low-cost scenario grinding at $22.5/ODT 74.6 a ODT: oven-dried tonne Mapping FPInterface shows the distribution of costs by cutblock, using a colour scale that ranges from lime green (blocks with the lowest delivered biomass costs) to pink (blocks with the most expensive costs); grey shows the transition between the two (Figure 6). The delivery points (Chilliwack and Richmond) are represented by blue triangles. All biomass from the study area was scheduled for delivery to these points. The costs ranged up to $22/ODT for the blocks farthest from the delivery point. FPInnovations Page 18

19 Figure 6. Cost of delivered biomass from point of origin to the delivery points, in increments of $1/oven-dried tonne. Figure 7 shows the road network to the cutblocks and delivery points. Different classes of roads are shown in different colours. Road class is determined by the amount of harvest that passes over the road. Each road class has a unique set of speed associations for loaded and empty trucks; these are used to determine the cycle times needed to calculate the delivery cost for biomass (Table 2). Most of the roads with the slowest speeds are shown in blue; red and black show roads with the fastest speeds. FPInnovations Page 19

20 Figure 7. Blocks with road access in the Fraser TSA, as shown in FPInterface. Temporal distribution of harvest The harvest data included a time period assigned to each cutblock. There are four periods, each of which represents a 5-year period. The harvest projection showed a relatively steady supply of available biomass between each harvest period (Figure 8). FPInnovations Page 2

21 45, 4, 35, Available biomass (ODT) 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, - Years 1-5 Years 6-1 Years Year 16-2 Harvest period Figure 8. Availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA, by 5-year harvest period at $6/oven dried tonne. The economic harvest available (amount of biomass at $6/ODT) in each 5-year period (Figure 9) showed a disproportionate decline (compared to Figure 8) after each period. This indicates that the harvest blocks tend to be farther from the delivery locations after each period. FPInnovations Page 21

22 12, 1, Available biomass (ODT) 8, 6, 4, 2, Years 1-5 Years 6-1 Years Year 16-2 Harvest period Figure 9. Availability of economic biomass in the Fraser TSA, by 5-year harvest period, at $6/ovendried tonne. The cost availability of biomass is shown by period and $1 increments in Tables 9 and 1 for the base case and low-cost scenarios, respectively. FPInnovations Page 22

23 Table 9. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA, by 5-year period: base case Period 1 (years1 5) Period 2 (years 6 1) Period 3 (years 11 15) Period 4 (years 16 2) Cost ($/ODT) a Total (ODT) Annual (ODT) Total (ODT) Annual (ODT) Total (ODT) Annual (ODT) Total (ODT) Annual (ODT) b a ODT: oven-dried tonne b Presumed market rate FPInnovations Page 23

24 Table 1. Cost availability of biomass in the Fraser TSA, by 5-year period: low-cost grinding scenario Period 1 (years1 5) Period 2 (years 6 1) Period 3 (years 11 15) Period 4 (years 16 2) Cost ($/ODT) a Total (ODT) Annual (ODT) Total (ODT) Annual (ODT) Total (ODT) Annual (ODT) Total (ODT) Annual (ODT) b a ODT: oven-dried tonne b Presumed market rate Results appendix The runs performed in FPInterface and their results are included in Appendix 1. 6 Conclusion The biomass yield per hectare from harvest residues in the Fraser TSA is predicted to be 39.9 ODT/ha. Over the next 2 years, a total of 1.52 million ODT of available biomass are predicted to be generated by harvest in the Fraser TSA, or approximately 75 ODT/year. Of this amount, approximately 15% of the total or ODT, or 11 ODT/year, are expected to be available at the economic price of FPInnovations Page 24

25 $6/ODT. While at $9/ODT, 8% of the total or 1.18 million ODT, or 59 ODT/year, are expected to be available. The biomass ratio (the ratio of recovered biomass to recovered merchantable roundwood) is estimated at 14.8%. Development of a low-cost scenario was attempted using grinding costs that were reduced by $5.5/ODT. At the economic rate of $6/ODT, availability of biomass increased by approximately 2 ODT over 2 years, or about 1 ODT/year. If increases in efficiency or lowered costs can be realized, there could be an increase in available biomass by these amounts. Most biomass that is considered to be economically available ( $6/ODT) is closest to the delivery points. The amount of economically available biomass decreases considerably after each 5-year period. This may be attributed to an increased distance to planned harvest blocks. 7 References Friesen, C., & Goodison, A. (218). Using FPInterface to estimate available forest-origin biomass in British Columbia: Quesnel TSA (Technical Report No. 7). Vancouver, British Columbia: FPInnovations. Lambert, M-C., Ung, C-H., & Raulier, R. (25). Canadian national tree aboveground biomass equations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, Mellgren, P.G. (198) Terrain classification for Canadian forestry. Canadian Pulp and Paper Association. Ung, C.-H., Bernier, P., & Guo, X.-J. (28). Canadian national biomass equations: New parameter estimates that include British Columbia data. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, FPInnovations Page 25

26 8 Appendix FPInnovations Page 26

27 Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Statistics - Selected Items Area 8,11.1 ha Number of cut blocks 1649 Recovered biomass 35,255.1 odt yield 43.2 odt/ha odt / Merchantable m³ 534 odt/m³ Delivered products Chips Bundles Trunks and Residues Energy balance Available energy Fuel consumption 1 % % % 35 : 1 1,324,574 MWh 12.3 L/odt Cost Harvesting recovery Transfer yard Transportation Loading/unloading Stumpage fees Road network - Maintenance Indirect costs Total $/odt $/odt $/odt 3.47 $/odt 9.3 $/odt $/odt.96 $/odt $/odt $/odt Revenue Sale value Silvicultural discount $/odt $/odt Net Profit $/odt 9/2/217 2:8:23 PM Page 1 of 5

28 Flow Merch. vol. harvested 2,833,539.1 odt 6,887,24.7 m³ Total 3,556,125.4 odt Available biomass 722,586.3 odt Uncut trees odt Natural losses 133,922.3 odt Residue retention 2 % 35,319.8 odt At the stump 141,279.4 odt Not recovered 141,279.4 odt Technical availability odt Roadside 412,64.8 odt Not recovered 61,89.7 odt yield 43.2 odt/ha Recovered / Available 48.5 % Recovered biomass 35,255.1 odt ratio 12.4 % Products Product name odt odt/m³ odt/ha Western Hemlock (residues) 116, Douglas Fir (residues) 112, Amabilis Fir (residues) 49, Western Red Cedar (residues) 36, Red Alder (residues) 28, Yellow Cedar (residues) 3, Trembling Aspen (residues) 1, Lodgepole Pine (residues) White Spruce (residues) Western White Pine (residues) , /2/217 2:8:23 PM Page 2 of 5

29 Recovery summary Volume(odt) Area(ha) Number of cut blocks recovery location At the stump Roadside 35, ,11.1 1,649 Recovery season Summer Winter 35, ,11.1 1,649 Residue freshness Fresh Brown Brittle 35, ,11.1 1,649 Supply summary Recovered biomass to Merchantable volume (odt) Residues (odt) Total biomass (odt) 1 $/odt 2 $/odt 3 $/odt 4 $/odt 5 $/odt 5, , $/odt 96, , $/odt 214, , $/odt 33, , $/odt 332, , $/odt 342, , $/odt 345, , $/odt 349, , $/odt 349, , $/odt 35, , $/odt 35, , $/odt 35, , $/odt 35, ,255.1 Maximum cost $/odt $/odt 9/2/217 2:8:23 PM Page 3 of 5

30 Delivery to mills Destination Product Format odt Transport average distance (Km) Richmond Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 8,37 56 Red Alder (residues) Chips 1, Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 8, Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 3, White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips 8 22, Chilliwack Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 49,22 79 Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 14, Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips 9 92 Red Alder (residues) Chips 27,16 66 Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips 1, Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 18,37 7 Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 33, Western White Pine (residues) Chips 4 55 White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips 3, , , /2/217 2:8:23 PM Page 4 of 5

31 1649 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 8,11 ha / 37,953 ha 9/2/217 2:8:23 PM Page 5 of 5

32 Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Statistics - Selected Items Area 1,117.9 ha Number of cut blocks 23 Recovered biomass 42,215.3 odt yield 39.8 odt/ha odt / Merchantable m³ 664 odt/m³ Delivered products Chips Bundles Trunks and Residues Energy balance Available energy Fuel consumption 1 % % % 34 : 1 1,526,414 MWh 12.8 L/odt Cost Harvesting recovery Transfer yard Transportation Loading/unloading Stumpage fees Road network - Maintenance Indirect costs Total $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt.93 $/odt $/odt $/odt Revenue Sale value Silvicultural discount $/odt $/odt Net Profit $/odt 9/2/217 2:13:6 PM Page 1 of 5

33 Flow Merch. vol. harvested 2,652,11.4 odt 6,436,419. m³ Total 3,476,843.1 odt Available biomass 824,732.7 odt Uncut trees odt Natural losses 148,74.6 odt Residue retention 2 % 4,559.5 odt At the stump 162,238.1 odt Not recovered 162,238.1 odt Technical availability odt Roadside 473,194.5 odt Not recovered 7,979.2 odt yield 39.8 odt/ha Recovered / Available 48.8 % Recovered biomass 42,215.3 odt ratio 15.2 % Products Product name odt odt/m³ odt/ha Douglas Fir (residues) 154, Western Hemlock (residues) 116, Amabilis Fir (residues) 51, Western Red Cedar (residues) 4, Red Alder (residues) 32, Yellow Cedar (residues) 5, Trembling Aspen (residues) Lodgepole Pine (residues) White Spruce (residues) Western White Pine (residues) , /2/217 2:13:6 PM Page 2 of 5

34 Recovery summary Volume(odt) Area(ha) Number of cut blocks recovery location At the stump Roadside 42, , ,3 Recovery season Summer Winter 42, , ,3 Residue freshness Fresh Brown Brittle 42, , ,3 Supply summary Recovered biomass to Merchantable volume (odt) Residues (odt) Total biomass (odt) 1 $/odt 2 $/odt 3 $/odt 4 $/odt 5 $/odt $/odt 57, , $/odt 169, , $/odt 25, , $/odt 39, , $/odt 344, , $/odt 36, , $/odt 372, , $/odt 38, , $/odt 389, , $/odt 396, , $/odt 4, , $/odt 41, , $/odt 41, , $/odt 42, , $/odt 42, , $/odt 42, ,215.3 Maximum cost $/odt $/odt 9/2/217 2:13:6 PM Page 3 of 5

35 Delivery to mills Destination Product Format odt Transport average distance (Km) Richmond Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 9,33 62 Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips 83 Red Alder (residues) Chips 2,44 71 Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 7, Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 3,16 68 White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips ,19 68 Chilliwack Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 5, Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 145,24 7 Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips Red Alder (residues) Chips 3,99 68 Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 18, Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 37,62 76 Western White Pine (residues) Chips 1 65 White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips 5, , , /2/217 2:13:6 PM Page 4 of 5

36 23 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 1,118 ha / 37,953 ha 9/2/217 2:13:6 PM Page 5 of 5

37 Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Statistics - Selected Items Area 9,928.5 ha Number of cut blocks 1873 Recovered biomass 389,558.3 odt yield 39.2 odt/ha odt / Merchantable m³ 675 odt/m³ Delivered products Chips Bundles Trunks and Residues Energy balance Available energy Fuel consumption 1 % % % 34 : 1 1,478,27 MWh 13. L/odt Cost Harvesting recovery Transfer yard Transportation Loading/unloading Stumpage fees Road network - Maintenance Indirect costs Total $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt.97 $/odt $/odt $/odt Revenue Sale value Silvicultural discount $/odt $/odt Net Profit $/odt 9/2/217 2:31:15 PM Page 1 of 5

38 Flow Merch. vol. harvested 2,492,43.6 odt 6,98,135.3 m³ Total 3,291,492.3 odt Available biomass 799,448.7 odt Uncut trees odt Natural losses 144,728.8 odt Residue retention 2 % 39,283.2 odt At the stump 157,132.8 odt Not recovered 157,132.8 odt Technical availability odt Roadside 458,33.9 odt Not recovered 68,745.6 odt yield 39.2 odt/ha Recovered / Available 48.7 % Recovered biomass 389,558.3 odt ratio 15.6 % Products Product name odt odt/m³ odt/ha Douglas Fir (residues) 13, Western Hemlock (residues) 122, Amabilis Fir (residues) 57, Western Red Cedar (residues) 44, Red Alder (residues) 26, Yellow Cedar (residues) 6, Trembling Aspen (residues) Lodgepole Pine (residues) White Spruce (residues) Western White Pine (residues) , /2/217 2:31:15 PM Page 2 of 5

39 Recovery summary Volume(odt) Area(ha) Number of cut blocks recovery location At the stump Roadside 389, , ,873 Recovery season Summer Winter 389, , ,873 Residue freshness Fresh Brown Brittle 389, , ,873 Supply summary Recovered biomass to Merchantable volume (odt) Residues (odt) Total biomass (odt) 1 $/odt 2 $/odt 3 $/odt 4 $/odt 5 $/odt 1,934. 1, $/odt 38,6.8 38,6.8 7 $/odt 14, , $/odt 218, , $/odt 292, , $/odt 318, , $/odt 345, , $/odt 372, , $/odt 38, , $/odt 383, , $/odt 387, , $/odt 388, , $/odt 388, , $/odt 389, ,558.3 Maximum cost $/odt $/odt 9/2/217 2:31:15 PM Page 3 of 5

40 Delivery to mills Destination Product Format odt Transport average distance (Km) Richmond Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 4, Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 8,34 94 Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips 1 8 Red Alder (residues) Chips 1, Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 14, Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 6, White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips , Chilliwack Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 53,41 71 Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 122, Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips Red Alder (residues) Chips 25,85 7 Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 17, Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 38, Western White Pine (residues) Chips White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips 6, , , /2/217 2:31:15 PM Page 4 of 5

41 1873 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 9,929 ha / 37,953 ha 9/2/217 2:31:15 PM Page 5 of 5

42 Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Statistics - Selected Items Area 9,796.2 ha Number of cut blocks 1981 Recovered biomass 373,882.2 odt yield 38.2 odt/ha odt / Merchantable m³ 718 odt/m³ Delivered products Chips Bundles Trunks and Residues Energy balance Available energy Fuel consumption 1 % % % 33 : 1 1,419,163 MWh 13.3 L/odt Cost Harvesting recovery Transfer yard Transportation Loading/unloading Stumpage fees Road network - Maintenance Indirect costs Total $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt.97 $/odt $/odt $/odt Revenue Sale value Silvicultural discount $/odt $/odt Net Profit $/odt 9/2/217 2:35:47 PM Page 1 of 5

43 Flow Merch. vol. harvested 2,251,321. odt 5,524,424.8 m³ Total 3,17,222.5 odt Available biomass 765,91.5 odt Uncut trees odt Natural losses 137,528. odt Residue retention 2 % 37,72.4 odt At the stump 15,89.6 odt Not recovered 15,89.6 odt Technical availability odt Roadside 439,861.4 odt Not recovered 65,979.2 odt yield 38.2 odt/ha Recovered / Available 48.8 % Recovered biomass 373,882.2 odt ratio 16.6 % Products Product name odt odt/m³ odt/ha Douglas Fir (residues) 128, Western Hemlock (residues) 116, Amabilis Fir (residues) 53, Western Red Cedar (residues) 44, Red Alder (residues) 24, Yellow Cedar (residues) 4, White Spruce (residues) Lodgepole Pine (residues) Trembling Aspen (residues) Western White Pine (residues) , /2/217 2:35:47 PM Page 2 of 5

44 Recovery summary Volume(odt) Area(ha) Number of cut blocks recovery location At the stump Roadside 373, , ,981 Recovery season Summer Winter 373, , ,981 Residue freshness Fresh Brown Brittle 373, , ,981 Supply summary Recovered biomass to Merchantable volume (odt) Residues (odt) Total biomass (odt) 1 $/odt 2 $/odt 3 $/odt 4 $/odt 5 $/odt 1, , $/odt 28, , $/odt 12, , $/odt 176, , $/odt 25, , $/odt 298, , $/odt 321, , $/odt 332, , $/odt 346, , $/odt 356, , $/odt 363, , $/odt 366, , $/odt 369, , $/odt 37, , $/odt 371, , $/odt 372, , $/odt 373, ,882.2 Maximum cost $/odt $/odt 9/2/217 2:35:47 PM Page 3 of 5

45 Delivery to mills Destination Product Format odt Transport average distance (Km) Richmond Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 3, Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 11, Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips 1 91 Red Alder (residues) Chips 1, Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 13,98 89 Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 8, Western White Pine (residues) Chips 13 White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips , Chilliwack Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 49,18 72 Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 117, Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips Red Alder (residues) Chips 22,35 73 Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 13,88 74 Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 35, Western White Pine (residues) Chips White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips 4, , , /2/217 2:35:47 PM Page 4 of 5

46 1981 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 9,796 ha / 37,953 ha 9/2/217 2:35:47 PM Page 5 of 5

47 Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Statistics - Selected Items Area 37,952.7 ha Number of cut blocks 7533 Recovered biomass 1,515,91.9 odt yield 39.9 odt/ha odt / Merchantable m³ 642 odt/m³ Delivered products Chips Bundles Trunks and Residues Energy balance Available energy Fuel consumption 1 % % % 34 : 1 5,748,177 MWh 12.8 L/odt Cost Harvesting recovery Transfer yard Transportation Loading/unloading Stumpage fees Road network - Maintenance Indirect costs Total $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt.96 $/odt $/odt $/odt Revenue Sale value Silvicultural discount $/odt $/odt Net Profit $/odt 7/2/217 2::8 PM Page 1 of 5

48 Flow Merch. vol. harvested 1,229,14.1 odt 24,946,183.8 m³ Total 13,341,683.2 odt Available biomass 3,112,669.2 odt Uncut trees odt Natural losses 564,919.7 odt Residue retention 2 % 152,865. odt At the stump 611,459.9 odt Not recovered 611,459.9 odt Technical availability odt Roadside 1,783,424.6 odt Not recovered 267,513.7 odt yield 39.9 odt/ha Recovered / Available 48.7 % Recovered biomass 1,515,91.9 odt ratio 14.8 % Products Product name odt odt/m³ odt/ha Douglas Fir (residues) 526, Western Hemlock (residues) 473, Amabilis Fir (residues) 21, Western Red Cedar (residues) 165, Red Alder (residues) 112, Yellow Cedar (residues) 19, Trembling Aspen (residues) 3, Lodgepole Pine (residues) 2, White Spruce (residues) 1, Western White Pine (residues) ,515, /2/217 2::8 PM Page 2 of 5

49 Recovery summary Volume(odt) Area(ha) Number of cut blocks recovery location At the stump Roadside 1,515, , ,533 Recovery season Summer Winter 1,515, , ,533 Residue freshness Fresh Brown Brittle 1,515, , ,533 Supply summary Recovered biomass to Merchantable volume (odt) Residues (odt) Total biomass (odt) 1 $/odt 2 $/odt 3 $/odt 4 $/odt 5 $/odt 9,5 9,5 6 $/odt 221, , $/odt 627, , $/odt 948, , $/odt 1,184,63.6 1,184, $/odt 1,32, ,32, $/odt 1,372,71.8 1,372, $/odt 1,427, ,427, $/odt 1,457,866. 1,457, $/odt 1,479, ,479, $/odt 1,497, ,497, $/odt 1,55, ,55, $/odt 1,59, ,59, $/odt 1,512, ,512, $/odt 1,513,17. 1,513,17. 2 $/odt 1,514, ,514, $/odt 1,515,91.9 1,515,91.9 Maximum cost $/odt $/odt 7/2/217 2::8 PM Page 3 of 5

50 Delivery to mills Destination Product Format odt Transport average distance (Km) Richmond Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 9, Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 37,9 75 Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips 3 85 Red Alder (residues) Chips 6, Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 45,91 83 Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 21,67 82 Western White Pine (residues) Chips 13 White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips ,44 81 Chilliwack Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 21, Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 489, Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips 2, Red Alder (residues) Chips 15,54 69 Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips 2, Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 427, Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 144, Western White Pine (residues) Chips White Spruce (residues) Chips 1, Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips 19,3 77 1,394, ,515, /2/217 2::8 PM Page 4 of 5

51 7533 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 37,953 ha / 37,953 ha 7/2/217 2::8 PM Page 5 of 5

52 Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Statistics - Selected Items Area 37,952.7 ha Number of cut blocks 7533 Recovered biomass 1,515,91.9 odt yield 39.9 odt/ha odt / Merchantable m³ 642 odt/m³ Delivered products Chips Bundles Trunks and Residues Energy balance Available energy Fuel consumption 1 % % % 38 : 1 5,748,177 MWh 11.4 L/odt Cost Harvesting recovery Transfer yard Transportation Loading/unloading Stumpage fees Road network - Maintenance Indirect costs Total $/odt 22.5 $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt.96 $/odt $/odt 74.6 $/odt Revenue Sale value Silvicultural discount $/odt $/odt Net Profit $/odt 21/3/217 12:46:38 PM Page 1 of 5

53 Flow Merch. vol. harvested 1,229,14.1 odt 24,946,183.8 m³ Total 13,341,683.2 odt Available biomass 3,112,669.2 odt Uncut trees odt Natural losses 564,919.7 odt Residue retention 2 % 152,865. odt At the stump 611,459.9 odt Not recovered 611,459.9 odt Technical availability odt Roadside 1,783,424.6 odt Not recovered 267,513.7 odt yield 39.9 odt/ha Recovered / Available 48.7 % Recovered biomass 1,515,91.9 odt ratio 14.8 % Products Product name odt odt/m³ odt/ha Douglas Fir (residues) 526, Western Hemlock (residues) 473, Amabilis Fir (residues) 21, Western Red Cedar (residues) 165, Red Alder (residues) 112, Yellow Cedar (residues) 19, Trembling Aspen (residues) 3, Lodgepole Pine (residues) 2, White Spruce (residues) 1, Western White Pine (residues) ,515, /3/217 12:46:38 PM Page 2 of 5

54 Recovery summary Volume(odt) Area(ha) Number of cut blocks recovery location At the stump Roadside 1,515, , ,533 Recovery season Summer Winter 1,515, , ,533 Residue freshness Fresh Brown Brittle 1,515, , ,533 Supply summary Recovered biomass to Merchantable volume (odt) Residues (odt) Total biomass (odt) 1 $/odt 2 $/odt 3 $/odt 4 $/odt 5 $/odt 59, , $/odt 429, , $/odt 8, , $/odt 1,72, ,72, $/odt 1,258,845. 1,258, $/odt 1,338,73.8 1,338, $/odt 1,44,78.2 1,44, $/odt 1,439, ,439, $/odt 1,473, ,473, $/odt 1,49,11.3 1,49, $/odt 1,51,22.5 1,51, $/odt 1,57, ,57, $/odt 1,512, ,512, $/odt 1,512,878. 1,512, $/odt 1,513,858. 1,513, $/odt 1,515,91.9 1,515,91.9 Maximum cost $/odt $/odt 21/3/217 12:46:38 PM Page 3 of 5

55 Delivery to mills Destination Product Format odt Transport average distance (Km) Richmond Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 9, Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 37,9 75 Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips 3 85 Red Alder (residues) Chips 6, Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 45,91 83 Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 21,67 82 Western White Pine (residues) Chips 13 White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips ,44 81 Chilliwack Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 21, Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 489, Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips 2, Red Alder (residues) Chips 15,54 69 Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips 2, Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 427, Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 144, Western White Pine (residues) Chips White Spruce (residues) Chips 1, Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips 19,3 77 1,394, ,515, /3/217 12:46:38 PM Page 4 of 5

56 7533 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 37,953 ha / 37,953 ha 21/3/217 12:46:38 PM Page 5 of 5

57 Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Statistics - Selected Items Area 8,11.1 ha Number of cut blocks 1649 Recovered biomass 35,255.1 odt yield 43.2 odt/ha odt / Merchantable m³ 534 odt/m³ Delivered products Chips Bundles Trunks and Residues Energy balance Available energy Fuel consumption 1 % % % 4 : 1 1,324,574 MWh 1.9 L/odt Cost Harvesting recovery Transfer yard Transportation Loading/unloading Stumpage fees Road network - Maintenance Indirect costs Total $/odt 22.5 $/odt $/odt 3.47 $/odt 9.3 $/odt $/odt.96 $/odt $/odt $/odt Revenue Sale value Silvicultural discount $/odt $/odt Net Profit $/odt 21/3/217 2:3:18 PM Page 1 of 5

58 Flow Merch. vol. harvested 2,833,539.1 odt 6,887,24.7 m³ Total 3,556,125.4 odt Available biomass 722,586.3 odt Uncut trees odt Natural losses 133,922.3 odt Residue retention 2 % 35,319.8 odt At the stump 141,279.4 odt Not recovered 141,279.4 odt Technical availability odt Roadside 412,64.8 odt Not recovered 61,89.7 odt yield 43.2 odt/ha Recovered / Available 48.5 % Recovered biomass 35,255.1 odt ratio 12.4 % Products Product name odt odt/m³ odt/ha Western Hemlock (residues) 116, Douglas Fir (residues) 112, Amabilis Fir (residues) 49, Western Red Cedar (residues) 36, Red Alder (residues) 28, Yellow Cedar (residues) 3, Trembling Aspen (residues) 1, Lodgepole Pine (residues) White Spruce (residues) Western White Pine (residues) , /3/217 2:3:18 PM Page 2 of 5

59 Recovery summary Volume(odt) Area(ha) Number of cut blocks recovery location At the stump Roadside 35, ,11.1 1,649 Recovery season Summer Winter 35, ,11.1 1,649 Residue freshness Fresh Brown Brittle 35, ,11.1 1,649 Supply summary Recovered biomass to Merchantable volume (odt) Residues (odt) Total biomass (odt) 1 $/odt 2 $/odt 3 $/odt 4 $/odt 5 $/odt 31, , $/odt 163, , $/odt 268, , $/odt 319, , $/odt 34, , $/odt 344, , $/odt 346, , $/odt 349, , $/odt 35, , $/odt 35, , $/odt 35, , $/odt 35, ,255.1 Maximum cost $/odt $/odt 21/3/217 2:3:18 PM Page 3 of 5

60 Delivery to mills Destination Product Format odt Transport average distance (Km) Richmond Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 8,37 56 Red Alder (residues) Chips 1, Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 8, Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 3, White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips 8 22, Chilliwack Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 49,22 79 Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 14, Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips 9 92 Red Alder (residues) Chips 27,16 66 Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips 1, Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 18,37 7 Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 33, Western White Pine (residues) Chips 4 55 White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips 3, , , /3/217 2:3:18 PM Page 4 of 5

61 1649 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 8,11 ha / 37,953 ha 21/3/217 2:3:18 PM Page 5 of 5

62 Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Statistics - Selected Items Area 1,117.9 ha Number of cut blocks 23 Recovered biomass 42,215.3 odt yield 39.8 odt/ha odt / Merchantable m³ 664 odt/m³ Delivered products Chips Bundles Trunks and Residues Energy balance Available energy Fuel consumption 1 % % % 38 : 1 1,526,414 MWh 11.4 L/odt Cost Harvesting recovery Transfer yard Transportation Loading/unloading Stumpage fees Road network - Maintenance Indirect costs Total $/odt 22.5 $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt.93 $/odt $/odt $/odt Revenue Sale value Silvicultural discount $/odt $/odt Net Profit $/odt 21/3/217 2:32:56 PM Page 1 of 5

63 Flow Merch. vol. harvested 2,652,11.4 odt 6,436,419. m³ Total 3,476,843.1 odt Available biomass 824,732.7 odt Uncut trees odt Natural losses 148,74.6 odt Residue retention 2 % 4,559.5 odt At the stump 162,238.1 odt Not recovered 162,238.1 odt Technical availability odt Roadside 473,194.5 odt Not recovered 7,979.2 odt yield 39.8 odt/ha Recovered / Available 48.8 % Recovered biomass 42,215.3 odt ratio 15.2 % Products Product name odt odt/m³ odt/ha Douglas Fir (residues) 154, Western Hemlock (residues) 116, Amabilis Fir (residues) 51, Western Red Cedar (residues) 4, Red Alder (residues) 32, Yellow Cedar (residues) 5, Trembling Aspen (residues) Lodgepole Pine (residues) White Spruce (residues) Western White Pine (residues) , /3/217 2:32:56 PM Page 2 of 5

64 Recovery summary Volume(odt) Area(ha) Number of cut blocks recovery location At the stump Roadside 42, , ,3 Recovery season Summer Winter 42, , ,3 Residue freshness Fresh Brown Brittle 42, , ,3 Supply summary Recovered biomass to Merchantable volume (odt) Residues (odt) Total biomass (odt) 1 $/odt 2 $/odt 3 $/odt 4 $/odt 5 $/odt 1, , $/odt 122, , $/odt 218, , $/odt 283, , $/odt 326, , $/odt 353, , $/odt 367, , $/odt 378, , $/odt 387, , $/odt 393, , $/odt 397, , $/odt 41, , $/odt 41, , $/odt 42, , $/odt 42, , $/odt 42, ,215.3 Maximum cost $/odt $/odt 21/3/217 2:32:56 PM Page 3 of 5

65 Delivery to mills Destination Product Format odt Transport average distance (Km) Richmond Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 9,33 62 Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips 83 Red Alder (residues) Chips 2,44 71 Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 7, Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 3,16 68 White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips ,19 68 Chilliwack Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 5, Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 145,24 7 Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips Red Alder (residues) Chips 3,99 68 Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 18, Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 37,62 76 Western White Pine (residues) Chips 1 65 White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips 5, , , /3/217 2:32:56 PM Page 4 of 5

66 23 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 1,118 ha / 37,953 ha 21/3/217 2:32:56 PM Page 5 of 5

67 Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Statistics - Selected Items Area 9,928.5 ha Number of cut blocks 1873 Recovered biomass 389,558.3 odt yield 39.2 odt/ha odt / Merchantable m³ 675 odt/m³ Delivered products Chips Bundles Trunks and Residues Energy balance Available energy Fuel consumption 1 % % % 38 : 1 1,478,27 MWh 11.5 L/odt Cost Harvesting recovery Transfer yard Transportation Loading/unloading Stumpage fees Road network - Maintenance Indirect costs Total $/odt 22.5 $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt.97 $/odt $/odt 76.1 $/odt Revenue Sale value Silvicultural discount $/odt $/odt Net Profit $/odt 21/3/217 2:39:2 PM Page 1 of 5

68 Flow Merch. vol. harvested 2,492,43.6 odt 6,98,135.3 m³ Total 3,291,492.3 odt Available biomass 799,448.7 odt Uncut trees odt Natural losses 144,728.8 odt Residue retention 2 % 39,283.2 odt At the stump 157,132.8 odt Not recovered 157,132.8 odt Technical availability odt Roadside 458,33.9 odt Not recovered 68,745.6 odt yield 39.2 odt/ha Recovered / Available 48.7 % Recovered biomass 389,558.3 odt ratio 15.6 % Products Product name odt odt/m³ odt/ha Douglas Fir (residues) 13, Western Hemlock (residues) 122, Amabilis Fir (residues) 57, Western Red Cedar (residues) 44, Red Alder (residues) 26, Yellow Cedar (residues) 6, Trembling Aspen (residues) Lodgepole Pine (residues) White Spruce (residues) Western White Pine (residues) , /3/217 2:39:2 PM Page 2 of 5

69 Recovery summary Volume(odt) Area(ha) Number of cut blocks recovery location At the stump Roadside 389, , ,873 Recovery season Summer Winter 389, , ,873 Residue freshness Fresh Brown Brittle 389, , ,873 Supply summary Recovered biomass to Merchantable volume (odt) Residues (odt) Total biomass (odt) 1 $/odt 2 $/odt 3 $/odt 4 $/odt 5 $/odt 1,52.2 1, $/odt 81, , $/odt 17, , $/odt 253, , $/odt 31, , $/odt 332, , $/odt 361, , $/odt 376, , $/odt 383, , $/odt 386, , $/odt 388, , $/odt 388, , $/odt 389, , $/odt 389, ,558.3 Maximum cost $/odt $/odt 21/3/217 2:39:2 PM Page 3 of 5

70 Delivery to mills Destination Product Format odt Transport average distance (Km) Richmond Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 4, Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 8,34 94 Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips 1 8 Red Alder (residues) Chips 1, Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 14, Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 6, White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips , Chilliwack Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 53,41 71 Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 122, Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips Red Alder (residues) Chips 25,85 7 Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 17, Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 38, Western White Pine (residues) Chips White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips 6, , , /3/217 2:39:2 PM Page 4 of 5

71 1873 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 9,929 ha / 37,953 ha 21/3/217 2:39:2 PM Page 5 of 5

72 Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Statistics - Selected Items Area 9,796.2 ha Number of cut blocks 1981 Recovered biomass 373,882.2 odt yield 38.2 odt/ha odt / Merchantable m³ 718 odt/m³ Delivered products Chips Bundles Trunks and Residues Energy balance Available energy Fuel consumption 1 % % % 37 : 1 1,419,163 MWh 11.9 L/odt Cost Harvesting recovery Transfer yard Transportation Loading/unloading Stumpage fees Road network - Maintenance Indirect costs Total $/odt 22.5 $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt $/odt.97 $/odt $/odt 81.6 $/odt Revenue Sale value Silvicultural discount $/odt $/odt Net Profit $/odt 21/3/217 2:39:54 PM Page 1 of 5

73 Flow Merch. vol. harvested 2,251,321. odt 5,524,424.8 m³ Total 3,17,222.5 odt Available biomass 765,91.5 odt Uncut trees odt Natural losses 137,528. odt Residue retention 2 % 37,72.4 odt At the stump 15,89.6 odt Not recovered 15,89.6 odt Technical availability odt Roadside 439,861.4 odt Not recovered 65,979.2 odt yield 38.2 odt/ha Recovered / Available 48.8 % Recovered biomass 373,882.2 odt ratio 16.6 % Products Product name odt odt/m³ odt/ha Douglas Fir (residues) 128, Western Hemlock (residues) 116, Amabilis Fir (residues) 53, Western Red Cedar (residues) 44, Red Alder (residues) 24, Yellow Cedar (residues) 4, White Spruce (residues) Lodgepole Pine (residues) Trembling Aspen (residues) Western White Pine (residues) , /3/217 2:39:54 PM Page 2 of 5

74 Recovery summary Volume(odt) Area(ha) Number of cut blocks recovery location At the stump Roadside 373, , ,981 Recovery season Summer Winter 373, , ,981 Residue freshness Fresh Brown Brittle 373, , ,981 Supply summary Recovered biomass to Merchantable volume (odt) Residues (odt) Total biomass (odt) 1 $/odt 2 $/odt 3 $/odt 4 $/odt 5 $/odt 6, , $/odt 63,2.2 63,2.2 7 $/odt 141, , $/odt 215, , $/odt 281, , $/odt 36, , $/odt 329, , $/odt 334, , $/odt 352, , $/odt 359, , $/odt 364, , $/odt 367, , $/odt 37, , $/odt 371, , $/odt 371, , $/odt 373, ,882.2 Maximum cost $/odt $/odt 21/3/217 2:39:54 PM Page 3 of 5

75 Delivery to mills Destination Product Format odt Transport average distance (Km) Richmond Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 3, Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 11, Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips 1 91 Red Alder (residues) Chips 1, Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 13,98 89 Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 8, Western White Pine (residues) Chips 13 White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips , Chilliwack Amabilis Fir (residues) Chips 49,18 72 Douglas Fir (residues) Chips 117, Lodgepole Pine (residues) Chips Red Alder (residues) Chips 22,35 73 Trembling Aspen (residues) Chips Western Hemlock (residues) Chips 13,88 74 Western Red Cedar (residues) Chips 35, Western White Pine (residues) Chips White Spruce (residues) Chips Yellow Cedar (residues) Chips 4, , , /3/217 2:39:54 PM Page 4 of 5

76 1981 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 9,796 ha / 37,953 ha 21/3/217 2:39:54 PM Page 5 of 5

77 Forest supply Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Cut blocks Area 8,11.1 ha Number of cut blocks 1649 Harvested volume 6,565,27 m³ Average skidding dist. 25 m Volume/km m³/km Area/km ha/km Cut type Clearcut Harvesting system Full-tree with roadside processing 8,11.1 ha 8,11.1 ha Costs Harvesting Equipment transport Road network - Construction Road network - Repair Road network - Improvement Road network - Maintenance Transportation Loading/unloading Transfer yard Stumpage fees Indirect costs Stand establishment Total 9.75 $/m³.75 $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ $/m³.39 $/m³ 11 $/m³ 2.5 $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ N/A 23.4 $/m³ Revenue Value Reimbursements (silv.) $/m³ N/A Net Profit $/m³ 9/2/217 2:7:44 PM Page 1 of 4

78 Forest supply Products Name Format m³ m³/ha m³/stem %/total Western Hemlock Logs 2,298, Douglas Fir Logs 1,886, Amabilis Fir Logs 1,251, Western Red Cedar Logs 67, Red Alder Logs 299, Yellow Cedar Logs 114, Trembling Aspen Logs 2, Lodgepole Pine Logs 18, White Spruce Logs 6, Western White Pine Logs ,565, Delivery to mills Destination Richmond Product Format m³ Transport average distance (Km) Amabilis Fir Logs 5, Douglas Fir Logs 18, Red Alder Logs 16, Trembling Aspen Logs 3,25 64 Western Hemlock Logs 182,74 63 Western Red Cedar Logs 68, White Spruce Logs Yellow Cedar Logs , /2/217 2:7:44 PM Page 2 of 4

79 Forest supply Chilliwack Amabilis Fir Logs 1,245, Douglas Fir Logs 1,75,753 6 Lodgepole Pine Logs 18, Red Alder Logs 282, Trembling Aspen Logs 17, Western Hemlock Logs 2,115,774 7 Western Red Cedar Logs 61,59 73 Western White Pine Logs White Spruce Logs 5, Yellow Cedar Logs 114, ,17, ,565,27 69 Harvesting season m³ ha Summer Fall Winter 6,565,27 8,11.1 6,565,27 8,11.1 Terrain conditions CPPA class Ground strength (%) Roughness (%) Slope (%) /2/217 2:7:44 PM Page 3 of 4

80 Forest supply 1649 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 8,11 ha / 37,953 ha 9/2/217 2:7:44 PM Page 4 of 4

81 Forest supply Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Cut blocks Area 1,117.9 ha Number of cut blocks 23 Harvested volume 6,66,299 m³ Average skidding dist. 25 m Volume/km m³/km Area/km ha/km Cut type Clearcut Harvesting system Full-tree with roadside processing 1,117.9 ha 1,117.9 ha Costs Harvesting Equipment transport Road network - Construction Road network - Repair Road network - Improvement Road network - Maintenance Transportation Loading/unloading Transfer yard Stumpage fees Indirect costs Stand establishment Total $/m³.75 $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ $/m³.37 $/m³ 1.56 $/m³ 2.5 $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ N/A $/m³ Revenue Value Reimbursements (silv.) $/m³ N/A Net Profit $/m³ 9/2/217 2:11:47 PM Page 1 of 4

82 Forest supply Products Name Format m³ m³/ha m³/stem %/total Western Hemlock Logs 1,983, Douglas Fir Logs 1,864, Amabilis Fir Logs 1,134, Western Red Cedar Logs 589, Red Alder Logs 313, Yellow Cedar Logs 155, Trembling Aspen Logs 12, Lodgepole Pine Logs 9, White Spruce Logs 2, Western White Pine Logs ,66, Delivery to mills Destination Richmond Product Format m³ Transport average distance (Km) Amabilis Fir Logs 18,93 95 Douglas Fir Logs 19,61 6 Lodgepole Pine Logs Red Alder Logs 23,14 7 Trembling Aspen Logs 2, Western Hemlock Logs 163,983 7 Western Red Cedar Logs 58, White Spruce Logs Yellow Cedar Logs , /2/217 2:11:47 PM Page 2 of 4

83 Forest supply Chilliwack Amabilis Fir Logs 1,115, Douglas Fir Logs 1,674, Lodgepole Pine Logs 9, Red Alder Logs 29, Trembling Aspen Logs 9, Western Hemlock Logs 1,819, Western Red Cedar Logs 531,33 74 Western White Pine Logs White Spruce Logs 2, Yellow Cedar Logs 155, ,68, ,66, Harvesting season m³ ha Summer Fall Winter 6,66,299 1, ,66,299 1,117.9 Terrain conditions CPPA class Ground strength (%) Roughness (%) Slope (%) /2/217 2:11:47 PM Page 3 of 4

84 Forest supply 23 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 1,118 ha / 37,953 ha 9/2/217 2:11:47 PM Page 4 of 4

85 Forest supply Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Cut blocks Area 9,928.5 ha Number of cut blocks 1873 Harvested volume 5,776,11 m³ Average skidding dist. 25 m Volume/km m³/km Area/km ha/km Cut type Clearcut Harvesting system Full-tree with roadside processing 9,928.5 ha 9,928.5 ha Costs Harvesting Equipment transport Road network - Construction Road network - Repair Road network - Improvement Road network - Maintenance Transportation Loading/unloading Transfer yard Stumpage fees Indirect costs Stand establishment Total $/m³.75 $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ $/m³.39 $/m³ 1.88 $/m³ 2.5 $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ N/A $/m³ Revenue Value Reimbursements (silv.) $/m³ N/A Net Profit $/m³ 9/2/217 2:3:45 PM Page 1 of 4

86 Forest supply Products Name Format m³ m³/ha m³/stem %/total Western Hemlock Logs 2,29, Douglas Fir Logs 1,457, Amabilis Fir Logs 1,194, Western Red Cedar Logs 65, Red Alder Logs 257, Yellow Cedar Logs 173, Trembling Aspen Logs 6, Lodgepole Pine Logs 5, White Spruce Logs 2, Western White Pine Logs ,776, Delivery to mills Destination Richmond Product Format m³ Transport average distance (Km) Amabilis Fir Logs 99, Douglas Fir Logs 118, Lodgepole Pine Logs 22 8 Red Alder Logs 16,15 91 Trembling Aspen Logs 1,384 9 Western Hemlock Logs 279, Western Red Cedar Logs 15, White Spruce Logs Yellow Cedar Logs 1, , /2/217 2:3:45 PM Page 2 of 4

87 Forest supply Chilliwack Amabilis Fir Logs 1,94, Douglas Fir Logs 1,338, Lodgepole Pine Logs 5,73 78 Red Alder Logs 241,249 7 Trembling Aspen Logs 5,86 53 Western Hemlock Logs 1,749, Western Red Cedar Logs 544,87 73 Western White Pine Logs White Spruce Logs 1,77 74 Yellow Cedar Logs 172, ,152, ,776,11 73 Harvesting season m³ ha Summer Fall Winter 5,776,11 9, ,776,11 9,928.5 Terrain conditions CPPA class Ground strength (%) Roughness (%) Slope (%) /2/217 2:3:45 PM Page 3 of 4

88 Forest supply 1873 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 9,929 ha / 37,953 ha 9/2/217 2:3:45 PM Page 4 of 4

89 Forest supply Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Cut blocks Area 9,796.2 ha Number of cut blocks 1981 Harvested volume 5,213,581 m³ Average skidding dist. 25 m Volume/km m³/km Area/km ha/km Cut type Clearcut Harvesting system Full-tree with roadside processing 9,796.2 ha 9,796.2 ha Costs Harvesting Equipment transport Road network - Construction Road network - Repair Road network - Improvement Road network - Maintenance Transportation Loading/unloading Transfer yard Stumpage fees Indirect costs Stand establishment Total $/m³.75 $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ $/m³.39 $/m³ $/m³ 2.5 $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ N/A $/m³ Revenue Value Reimbursements (silv.) $/m³ N/A Net Profit $/m³ 9/2/217 2:35:17 PM Page 1 of 4

90 Forest supply Products Name Format m³ m³/ha m³/stem %/total Western Hemlock Logs 1,851, Douglas Fir Logs 1,288, Amabilis Fir Logs 1,85, Western Red Cedar Logs 626, Red Alder Logs 214, Yellow Cedar Logs 111, White Spruce Logs 11, Trembling Aspen Logs 11, Lodgepole Pine Logs 1, Western White Pine Logs 1, ,213, Delivery to mills Destination Richmond Product Format m³ Transport average distance (Km) Amabilis Fir Logs 88,6 12 Douglas Fir Logs 154,732 8 Lodgepole Pine Logs Red Alder Logs 19,1 8 Trembling Aspen Logs 5, Western Hemlock Logs 253, Western Red Cedar Logs 154, Western White Pine Logs 1 13 White Spruce Logs 3, Yellow Cedar Logs 3, , /2/217 2:35:17 PM Page 2 of 4

91 Forest supply Chilliwack Amabilis Fir Logs 996,86 72 Douglas Fir Logs 1,134,53 67 Lodgepole Pine Logs 1, Red Alder Logs 195, Trembling Aspen Logs 5, Western Hemlock Logs 1,598,98 73 Western Red Cedar Logs 471, Western White Pine Logs 1, White Spruce Logs 8, Yellow Cedar Logs 17, ,529, ,213, Harvesting season m³ ha Summer Fall Winter 5,213,581 9, ,213,581 9,796.2 Terrain conditions CPPA class Ground strength (%) Roughness (%) Slope (%) /2/217 2:35:17 PM Page 3 of 4

92 Forest supply 1981 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 9,796 ha / 37,953 ha 9/2/217 2:35:17 PM Page 4 of 4

93 Forest supply Territory: Sector: Cut block: Unknown territory Unknown sector <Multiple selection> Cut blocks Area 37,952.7 ha Number of cut blocks 7533 Harvested volume 23,621,198 m³ Average skidding dist. 25 m Volume/km m³/km Area/km ha/km Cut type Clearcut Harvesting system Full-tree with roadside processing 37,952.7 ha 37,952.7 ha Costs Harvesting Equipment transport Road network - Construction Road network - Repair Road network - Improvement Road network - Maintenance Transportation Loading/unloading Transfer yard Stumpage fees Indirect costs Stand establishment Total $/m³.75 $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ $/m³.38 $/m³ 1.65 $/m³ 2.5 $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ $/m³ N/A $/m³ Revenue Value Reimbursements (silv.) $/m³ N/A Net Profit $/m³ 7/2/217 1:59:3 PM Page 1 of 4

94 Forest supply Products Name Format m³ m³/ha m³/stem %/total Western Hemlock Logs 8,163, Douglas Fir Logs 6,496, Amabilis Fir Logs 4,665, Western Red Cedar Logs 2,535, Red Alder Logs 1,85, Yellow Cedar Logs 554, Trembling Aspen Logs 51, Lodgepole Pine Logs 44, White Spruce Logs 23, Western White Pine Logs 2, ,621, Delivery to mills Destination Richmond Product Format m³ Transport average distance (Km) Amabilis Fir Logs 212, Douglas Fir Logs 643, Lodgepole Pine Logs Red Alder Logs 74, Trembling Aspen Logs 12, Western Hemlock Logs 88,55 81 Western Red Cedar Logs 387, Western White Pine Logs 1 13 White Spruce Logs 5, Yellow Cedar Logs 5, ,222, /2/217 1:59:3 PM Page 2 of 4

95 Forest supply Chilliwack Amabilis Fir Logs 4,453, Douglas Fir Logs 5,852, Lodgepole Pine Logs 44, Red Alder Logs 1,1, Trembling Aspen Logs 38, Western Hemlock Logs 7,283, Western Red Cedar Logs 2,147, Western White Pine Logs 2, White Spruce Logs 17, Yellow Cedar Logs 549, ,398, ,621, Harvesting season m³ ha Summer Fall Winter 23,621,198 37, ,621,198 37,952.7 Terrain conditions CPPA class Ground strength (%) Roughness (%) Slope (%) /2/217 1:59:3 PM Page 3 of 4

96 Forest supply 7533 selected block(s) / 7533 Area covered: 37,953 ha / 37,953 ha 7/2/217 1:59:3 PM Page 4 of 4

97 Head Office Pointe-Claire 57, Saint-Jean Blvd Pointe-Claire, QC Canada H9R 3J9 T Vancouver 2665 East Mall Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z4 T Québec 155, rue du PEPS Québec, QC Canada G1V 4C7 T